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Compatibility of faith with reason
Aquinas cosmological argument objections
Discussion essay about the existence of god
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Recommended: Compatibility of faith with reason
The existence of God has been a question that has plagued mankind since it begging of times. Many philosophers argue that there may or may not be a God or Gods, because there is a limited knowledge regarding that. Many people believe in an immortal God that created everything including us, they have fate in their God. Still, a lot of people feel like they need some king of argument or proof on Gods existence, and that is what many philosophers strived tried to explain. In this essay I will be discussing Aquinas’ cosmological argument on Gods existence. I will be presenting Aquinas’ argument, an objection to the argument presented by an atheist that will be followed by a possible response Aquinas might have to the objection and finally an evaluation …show more content…
One of the many objections a person could have with this argument is the connection between the two last premises. The premise before last says that there must be a first cause of change. That means that whatever causes a change without it being changed, is the first cause of change. The first cause of change needs to be an unchanged changer, therefore Aquinas’ concluded with the last premise saying that God exists. An atheist would argue with Aquinas saying that premise eleven does not follows to premise twelve. There is nothing that connects premises eleven to twelve, and therefore the argument must be …show more content…
The first objection is that the last two premises do not follow, there is nothing connecting them. The second one is regarding Aquinas’ possible solution to the first objection. Aquinas’ could easily add a premise in between the last two which could make such transition to be easier, still atheist could have problems with it. The solution Aquinas’ could have is to add a premise that estates that the first cause of change has to be God, to which the atheist could dismiss saying that it is not necessary for it to be God, it could also be a natural event. As the discussion precedes one can see that the atheist respond is not a valid one, making Aquinas’ responds the most accurate one we could have. Concluding on God’s existence. The existence of God is something that has puzzled millions of people around the world. There are a lot of arguments supporting the existence of god, but just as many denying the fact that he or it exists. It is very important that we as individuals make up our mind or decide what to believe in the knowledge that has been taught to us. We need to analyze and establish our own opinions on the different arguments presented to us. It is important for us to look at the both sides an argument might have for and against the existence of God. We need to be open to different and new ideas. Its is beneficial to challenge ones beliefs in order to become aware of other peoples
Rene Descartes’ third meditation from his book Meditations on First Philosophy, examines Descartes’ arguments for the existence of God. The purpose of this essay will be to explore Descartes’ reasoning and proofs of God’s existence. In the third meditation, Descartes states two arguments attempting to prove God’s existence, the Trademark argument and the traditional Cosmological argument. Although his arguments are strong and relatively truthful, they do no prove the existence of God.
Anselm’s argument can be summarized as, “1. God does not exist. (assumption) 2. By “God,” I mean that, than which no greater can be conceived (NGC). 3. So NGC does not exist. (from 1 and 2) 4. So NGC has being only in my understanding, not also in reality. (from 2 and 3) 5. If NGC were to exist in reality, as well as in my understanding, it would be greater. (from the meaning of “greater”) 6. But then, NGC is not NGC. (from 4 and 5) 7. So, NGC cannot exist only in my understanding. (from 6) 8. So NGC must exist also in reality. (from 5 and 7) 9. So God exists. (from 2 and 8) 10. So God does not exist and God exists. (from 1 to 9) 11. So Premise 1 cannot be true. (by 1 through 10 and the principle of reduction ad absurdum) 12. So God exists. (from 11)” (262). This quote demonstrates how Anselms ontological proof is “God is that, than which no greater can be conceived” in understanding and reality by stating that a contradiction would be made if God didn’t exist in both (262). Aquinas cosmological proof stated that the existence of God could be confirmed in five ways, The Argument- “from Change”, “Efficient Causality”,
In the first part, Aquinas states that the existence of god is not self-evident, meaning that reason alone without appealing to faith can give a good set of reasons to believe. To support this claim, Aquinas refers to “The Argument of Motion”, proposing that:
The Ontological Argument, which argues from a definition of God’s being to his existence, is the first type of argument we are going to examine. Since this argument was founded by Saint Anslem, we will be examining his writings. Saint Anslem starts by defining God as an all-perfect being, or rather as a being containing all conceivable perfections. Now if in addition of possessing all conceivable perfections t...
It is my view that God exists, and I think that Aquinas’ first two ways presents a
Many readers follow Descartes with fascination and pleasure as he descends into the pit of skepticism in the first two Meditations, defeats the skeptics by finding the a version of the cogito, his nature, and that of bodies, only to find them selves baffled and repulsed when they come to his proof for the existence of God in Meditation III. In large measure this change of attitude results from a number of factors. One is that the proof is complicated in ways which the earlier discourse is not. Second is that the complications include the use of scholastic machinery for which the reader is generally quite unprepared -- including such doctrines as a Cartesian version of the Great Chain of Being, the Heirloom theory of causaltiy, and confusi ng terms such as "eminent," "objective" and "formal reality" used in technical ways which require explanation. Third, we live in an age which is largely skeptical of the whole enterprise of giving proofs for the existence of God. A puzzled student once remaked, "If it were possible to prove that God exists, what would one need faith for?" So, even those inclined to grant the truth of the conclusion of Descartes' proof are often skeptical about the process of reaching it.
In conclusion, Descartes made an argument to prove God’s existence and seemed to be able to prove that he existed, but after a taking a closer look and revaluating his theories you see that he uses a lot of circular reasoning. It is really tough to believe any of what Descartes is saying. After reading his meditations you are left confused, mostly because you are trying to decipher what he is saying and you end up going around and around because of the circular reasoning. Even without the circular reasoning the argument just doesn’t make any sense, especially in today’s world, without any data. To be able to fathom a sound argument for the existence of God just sounds too preposterous to believe. To believe that God exists based of faith and religion is what people today and in Descartes time, as well, believed. To say that God exists because there must have been some superior creator that put this idea in my head is very far fetched. People don’t need to be told that God exists because most people already believe and most of them know that he does.
Descartes's fifth Meditation argument for God's existence relies on an untenable notion that existence is a perfection and that it can be predicated of God. I shall first explain what Descartes's argument for God's existence is, and then present his argument in propositional form. I will then attempt to support the argument that existence is neither a perfection nor a predicate of God.
There are often many mixed views when discussing God’s existence. In Anselm’s works “The Proslogion” and “Anselm’s Reply to Gaunilo” and Gaunilo’s work the “Reply on Behalf of the Fool”, both of their philosophies on the matter are imparted. Anselm’s logic regarding God is correct as he sustains his argument even when it confronted with criticisms and it is comprehensible.
The Proof of the Existence of God There are many arguments that try to prove the existence of God. In this essay I will look at the ontological argument, the cosmological. argument, empirical arguments such as the avoidance of error and the argument from the design of the. There are many criticisms of each of these that would say the existence of God can’t be proven that are perhaps.
Descartes often referred to as the “Father of Modern Philosophy” acquired his status by methods of reasoning to attain knowledge through one of his most influential philosophical writings Meditations on First Philosophy. One of the most pronounced and skeptical pieces from the mediations is Meditation III: “Of God: that He exist” where he tries to prove the existence of God, and his existence through God. I will be examining Descartes’ proof through its premises and conclusion as well as explain my reasoning for agreeing with the argument on the existence of God.
Aquinas' Arguments for the Existence of God In Summa Theologica, Question 2, Article 3, Aquinas attempts to prove the existence of God. He begins with two objections, which will not be addressed here, and continues on to state five arguments for the existence of God. I intend to show that Aquinas' first three arguments are unsound from a scientific standpoint, through support of the Big Bang theory of the creation of the universe. In the first and second arguments Aquinas begins by stating that some things change and that the changes to these things are caused by things other than themselves. He says that a thing can change only if it has a potentiality for being that into what it changes.
Aquinas tried to prove the existence of God by providing five ways which are the arguments of motion, nature of efficient causes, necessary and possible being, degrees of perfection, and intelligent design. Although Aquinas’s arguments are considerable, many of them have major flaws which needs to be discussed. Aquinas first argument of the five ways to prove Gods existence is the argument from motion. Aquinas believed everything must have a mover to be moved, if we didn’t, we would find ourselves in an infinite regress (a chain in events to which has no beginning) which Aquinas believed was impossible. Everything in the world has motion and Aquinas thought that there must have been a time were nothing was in motion until a static being caused
The problem with Aquinas's view is that as physicians have suggested matter is eternal and therefore necessary. being is not required to cause contingent beings. The basis of Aquinas's argument depends on the fact that contingent. beings require a cause which is in turn contingent. " Contingent beings require contingent causes", as stated by Stephen Evans in Philosophy.
The second proof Aquinas gives us is that everything has a cause. A cause is an action that produces a result and nothing can happen without a cause. A perfect example of a cause is us human, we have to breathe in order to survive. A driver must push on the gas in order for the car to go. Nothing can cause itself because for it to be its own cause it would have to exist primer to itself. The universe does exist meaning it must have been created and everything in this world has a first cause and that first cause is God.