Physics 3
Andrew Sims
Mr. Johnston
Honors Physics
3/3/16
Reading Project- Thirty Years That Shook Physics
I chose the books titled, “Thirty Years That Shook Physics,” by the quite illustrious Dr. George Gamow for my third quarter physics related book review. George Gamow certainly lived up to his own name by his depth of knowledge in his various explanations of the most productive thirty years in Physics history throughout the novel. The two hundred paged book George Gamow wrote, which covers ten complete chapters of detailed analyzes of the basic laws of physics and why these various laws made this time period the most productive years in physics history. Though since my quarter two physics related book review was by Dr. George Gamow also, I will not be getting into a biographical sketch of
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Gamow. So lucky for me I get to jump right into the juicy stuff- what I learned took away and learned from this novel. First off, one of the first things that I noticed about this book (and I honestly I got a kick out of this), was that instead of calling them chapters- Dr.
Gamow refers to what we know as chapters as “plates.” Though, in the first plate the extensive and revolutionary work of a fellow named Max Planck. Planck may seem like just another run of the mill guy, but his work on the Light Quanta made him an absolute asset to how we understand and look at light. The belief that made Max Planck a physics super star was that, “light can be emitted and absorbed only in the form of certain discrete energy packages.” Though, without the monumental work that his predecessors, which include Ludwig Boltzmann, Josiah Willard Gibbs, and James Clerk Maxwell, his work would have been ill inspired as well as impossible! As the book continues the reader learns more and more about Max Planck, including how his work on the Light Quanta led to a better understanding of the problem as well as solving the problem of
“radiation-thermodynamics.” Based off of the discoveries of Max Planck, Neils Bohr and J.J. Thompson were able to discover many new things about the structure of an atom. One of the most important and interesting discoveries from both men were these rather tiny negatively charged particles that we know as electrons. Which is something that I did not know before reading this book! Another scientist I learned about was a fellow- Anti-Nazi (there is an interesting story about that on page 63)- Wolfgang Pauli. Pauli is most famous for his discovery of the Pauli Principle, though Pauli preferred it to be called The Exclusion Principle. This principle refers to the motion of Electrons in an atom. Another thing that I found interesting about Pauli was his influence in Nuclear Physics. I learned about the three types of radiation that radioactive elements give off- Alpha, Beta, and Gamma. Louis Victor Duc de Broglie was another important scientist that shook Physics for good. Seemingly enough, de Broglie uses words from our previous unit. Some examples of this include orbital motion and centrifugal forces which was pretty cool! As de Broglie became more prominent other scientists began to rise up for work related to Louis Victor Duc de Broglie. Erwin Schrödinger was one of these lucky individuals. I learned that Schrödinger wrote the mathematical reasoning and pneumonia of de Broglie theory. Learning about the various equations that Schrödinger came up with were extremely above my intelligence but they were also interesting.
Who were the four key figures who contributed to disenchanting the view of the universe?
Bernstein, Jeremy, Paul M. Fishbane, and Stephen Gasiorwocz. Modern Physics. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2000
The scientific revolution was what introduced the way we think based on experimentation, observation and how we apply reasoning to the things we do scientifically. During the scientific revooution this way of thinking brought forward new kinds of thinkers otherwise know as enlgihtentment thinkers. These enlightenment thinkers brought there ideas forward, which helped lead the strive for there independence . this is what led to the beginning of the scientific revolution. The scientific revolution began around the mid 1700s and went all the way through the mid 1800s theses revolutions did not only stay in one place, this was happening globally in Europe, the americans and through out the latin American colonies. You might ask yourself what did they these revolutions have in common ? they all became infulanced by one another and was infinced by the enlightenment thinkers.
Capra, Fritjof. The Tao of Physics: An Exploration of the Parallels Between Modern Physics and Eastern Mysticism. Boston: Shambhala Press, 1991.
Michael Guillen, the author of Five Equations that Changed the World, choose five famous mathematician to describe. Each of these mathematicians came up with a significant formula that deals with Physics. One could argue that others could be added to the list but there is no question that these are certainly all contenders for the top five. The book is divided into five sections, one for each of the mathematicians. Each section then has five parts, the prologue, the Veni, the Vidi, the Vici, and the epilogue. The Veni talks about the scientists as a person and their personal life. The Vidi talks about the history of the subject that the scientist talks about. The Vici talks about how the mathematician came up with their most famous formula.
Part I: The Edge of Knowledge Chapter 1: Tied Up with Strings This is the introductory section, where the author, Brian Greene, examines the fundamentals of what is currently proven to be true by experimentation in the realm of modern physics. Green goes on to talk more about "The Basic Idea" of string theory. He describes how physicists are aspiring to reach the Theory of Everything, or T.O.E. Some suspect when string theory is completely understood that it might turn out to become the T.O.E.Part II: The Dilemma of Space, Time, and Quanta Chapter 2: Space, Time, and the Eye of the Beholder In the chapter, Greene describes how Albert Einstein solved the paradox about light. In the mid-1800's James Maxwell succeeded in showing that light was actually an electromagnetic wave.
3.Kirkpatrick, D. Larry, Wheeler, F. Gerald, Physics A World View. Fourth Edition, Philadelphia. Thomson Learning, 2001 (pg 132, 139).
A hundred years ago, a young married couple sat at a kitchen table talking over the items of the day while their young boy sat listening earnestly. He had heard the debate every night, and while there were no raised voices, their discussion was intense. It was a subject about which his parents were most passionate - the electrodynamics of moving bodies in the universe. The couple were of equal intelligence and fortitude, working together on a theory that few people can comprehend even to this day. Mileva Maric Einstein was considered to be the intellectual equal of her husband Albert, but somehow went unrecognized for her contributions to the 1905 Papers, which included the Special Theory of Relativity. The stronger force of these two bodies would be propelled into the archives of scientific history, while the other would be left to die alone, virtually unknown. Mrs. Einstein was robbed. She deserved to be recognized for at least a collaborative effort, but it was not to be. The role which society had accorded her and plain, bad luck would prove to be responsible for the life of this great mathematician and scientist, gone unnoticed.
...at this book should be included with all works that hold a high literary merit. This book appeals to a wide scope of people; it relates the complicated aspects of physics in a manner that can be understood by much of the general public. More than that, this novel gives the reader a glimpse into Feynman himself. The reader can now see how he thinks and functions, additionally, it allows the reader to preview what it may have been like to be in one of Feynman’s classes. This man is considered a modern day genius, and just the chance to further see what he is actually like, is something that allows for this book to be valued more highly.
Gell-Mann, M. (1989). Dick Feynman--the guy in the office down the hall. Physics Today: 42(2),50-54.
Thomas Kuhn's book The Copernican Revolution effectively demonstrates how the conceptual schemes of science are constantly changing and being replaced. Kuhn was able to recount the past with diagrams, and full explanations of the different theories and systems that lead up to the Copernican revolution. He also gave a full explanation of the theories that followed. This book was surprisingly enjoyable to read, and should be read by anyone interested in the evolution of science and western thought.
When it comes to cars, there are plenty of safety features incorporated by manufactures to ensure a smooth and safe ride. Some of these features seat belts, airbags, and antilock brakes. Nowadays, there have been great improvements to technology within cars to aid in the avoidance of collisions altogether. Examples of these technologies include blind spot detection, backup cameras, 360-degree cameras, and autonomous driving. Many of these newer safety features are there to avoid collisions. However, whenever a collision does occur, there is not much there to protect passengers in the rear of the car. Looking into this, there is evidence that shows that rear passengers do obtain injuries in collisions and pose the threat of contributing to others injuries. So, why are rear passenger airbags not standard in your vehicle?
From a very young age, I have enjoyed reading a wide spectrum of topics. However, during high school, I had become preoccupied with physics during my studies and readings, and so I began to focus my attention upon the materials that further shed light on the science. The more I read, the more I became intrigued with the interrelations between matter, energy, and time and space motion illustrated through the science. Therefore, motivated to become one of Saudi Arabia’ few female physicists, upon graduating from high school I opted to major in the science that captivated me like no other....
Science in the ancient world was a complex concept. There was a varied, and at times mixed, emphasis on the mythical, or theoretical, and practical components of science, depending upon where the “science” was practised. Theoretical science, as described by Peter Dear, is abstracted practice, while practical science is applied theory. Whilst, the ancient Greeks generally placed more emphasis on theory, the ancient Egyptians generally took knowledge and applied it in a practical manner.
The expansion and endorsement of intellectualism by the many important forward thinking scientists created a desire for social revolution, which, in turn, created an atmosphere conducive to further intellectual study. The Scientific Revolution was, in essence, both a social and intellectual revolution. During the Scientific Revolution, scientists such as Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes, and Christiaan Huygens wrestled with questions concerning God, human intellectualism, and their scientific views of the universe, its purpose, and how it functions. Ultimately, the implications of these new scientific discoveries began to change the way people thought and behaved. People began to question the widely accepted and Roman Catholic Church endorsed Aristotelian views of the universe. This led to the questioning of the traditional views of the state and societal structure. The geocentric Ptolemaic model was no longer blindly accepted. The earth was now no longer easily explainable or thought to be the center of the universe. Beliefs that were hundreds of years old were now proven to be false.