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Women's voices in American literature
Women's voices in American literature
The oppression of women in literature
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According to W.E.B. DuBois, “double consciousness” is the “sense of always looking at one’s self through the eyes of others, of measuring ones soul by a tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity” (DuBois 5). In other words, it is the self that one views themselves as, compared to the self that comes from the outside perspective, where the person viewing it thinks it is who they are. This idea connects to gender stereotype, how women cannot see themselves as equal to society because they are often portrayed as being voiceless, lonely, and dependent of men. Despite such stereotypical views that separates women from men, Audre Lorde “challenges her feminist community to deliver a collective voice ale to attend to difference without
When a woman lacks a voice, she is often controlled by a man who does the talking for her. This is evident in the story There Eyes Were Watching God when Janie is offered a chance to speak to the public about the grand opening of the new store, but is denied that chance by Joe Starks, her husband. “‘And now we’ll listen tuh uh few words uh encouragement from Mrs. Mayor Starks.’ The burst of applause was cut short by Joe taking the floor himself. ‘Thank yuh fuh yo’ compliments, buh mah wife don’t know nothing ‘bout no speech-makin’” (Hurston 43). Tony, one of the townspeople, offered Janie a chance to give her own words about the grand opening to the rest of the townspeople. However, Joe Starks revokes that privilege from her which proves that he is in control of her. This idea connects to “double-consciousness” because women can be seen as having a voice whereas society sees different since they are often stopped by men if they attempt to speak. However, Janie is continuously denied her right of voice to the point where she is angry and decides to speak up against Joe Starks in front of the townspeople, which destroys his gender
The next husband that Janie comes into her life in Joe Starks. Joe starts was a very rich man and had lots and lots of money. Janie seen him coming down the road one day and this is how Joe and Janie meet. Joe affected Janie spiritual growth. For example, When Joe starts to belittle her and try to make himself boss. Joe said, “I am the boss missy and you are going to do what I say”(Hurston.41). This shows how abusive and mean Joe can be. Joe also affects Janie emotional growth. For example, When joe starts to abuse her Janie gets very upset and starts to cry and wants to leave. This shows you how much pain emotionally Joe is making Janie. joe also affects Janie spiritually. For example, When Joe starts to argue with Janie. Janie say, “I am
But Janie is young and her will has not yet been broken. She has enough strength to say "No" and to leave him by running away with Joe. At this point, Janie has found a part of her voice, which is her not willing to be like a slave in her husband's hands. After Janie marries Joe, I think that she discovers that he is not the person she thought he was.
Janie does so by choosing her new found love with Joe of the security that Logan provides. Hurston demonstrates Janie's new found ‘independence’ by the immediate marriage of Joe and Janie. Janie mistakenly chooses the pursuit of love over her pursuit of happiness and by doing so gave her independence to Joe, a man who believes a woman is a mere object; a doll. By choosing love over her own happiness Janie silences her voice. The realization of Janie's new reality is first realized when Joe states, “...nah wife don’t know nothin’ ‘bout no speech-makin’. Ah never married her for nothin’ lak dat. She’s uh woman and her place is in de home()" Joe is undermining Janie, cutting short any chance for Janie to make herself heard. Joe continues to hide Janie away from society keeping her dependent and voiceless. As Janie matures, she continues to be submissive to her husband, “He wanted her submission and he’d keep on fighting until he felt he had it. So gradually, she pressed her teeth together and learned to hush (71).” Though Janie ‘learned to hush’, and suppress herself, Janie still urges for her voice. When the opportunity came for Janie to reclaim her voice, "But Ah ain’t goin’ outa here and Ah ain’t gointuh hush. Naw, you gointuh listen tuh me one time befo’ you die. Have yo’ way all yo’ life, trample and mash down and then die ruther than tuh let yo’self heah ‘bout
The beginning of Janie’s marriage to Joe shows promise and adventure, something that young Janie is quickly attracted to. She longs to get out of her loveless marriage to Logan Killicks and Joe’s big dreams captivate Janie. Once again she hopes to find the true love she’s always dreamed of. Joe and Janie’s life is first blissful. He gives her whatever she wants and after he becomes the mayor of a small African American town called Eatonville, they are the most respected couple in town. Joe uses his newfound power to control Janie. When she is asked to make a speech at a town event, she can’t even get out a word before Joe denies her the privilege. He starts making her work in the store he opens and punishes her for any mistakes she makes. He enjoys the power and respect her gets when o...
Janie Crawford, the main character of Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, strives to find her own voice throughout the novel and, in my opinion, she succeeds even though it takes her over thirty years to do it. Each one of her husband’s has a different effect on her ability to find that voice. The first time Janie had noticed this was when he was appointed mayor by the town’s people and she was asked to give a few words on his behalf, but she did not answer, because before she could even accept or decline he had promptly cut her off, “ ‘Thank yuh fuh yo’ compliments, but mah wife don’t know nothin’ ’bout no speech-makin’/Janie made her face laugh after a short pause, but it wasn’t too easy/.the way Joe spoke out without giving This would happen many times during the course of their marriage. He told her that a woman of her class and caliber was not to hang around the low class citizens of Eatonville.
In the beginning of the story, Janie is stifled and does not truly reveal her identity. When caught kissing Johnny Taylor, a local boy, her nanny marries her off to Logan Killicks. While with Killicks, the reader never learns who the real Janie is. Janie does not make any decisions for herself and displays no personality. Janie takes a brave leap by leaving Killicks for Jody Starks. Starks is a smooth talking power hungry man who never allows Janie express her real self. The Eatonville community views Janie as the typical woman who tends to her husband and their house. Janie does not want to be accepted into the society as the average wife. Before Jody dies, Janie is able to let her suppressed anger out.
Some people would argue that God is a being who watches over us, however other would argue that God manifests through nature, our surroundings, and us. Transcendentalism revolves around the idea that God is nature. It also supports the theory that God is all around us and inside of us and we should be self-reliant and strive for simplicity. These transcendentalist ideas and traditions were present in Their Eyes Were Watching God, by Zora Neale Hurston, as Janie experienced herself and the world around her head on over time.
Hurston uses the power of language and different narrative techniques to show Janie's transition throughout the novel. It is important to notice that in Janie's journey from object to subject, the narration of the novel shifts from third person to a mixture of first and third person; thus, the shift shows the awareness of self within Janie. Language becomes an instrument of injury and salvation and of selfhood and empowerment. The use of powerful language is exemplified well in the text when Janie is asked to say a few words as the new Mrs. Mayor. Joe, her second husband, quickly cuts in and says, "Thank yuh fuh yo' compliments, but mah wife don't know nothin' 'bout no speech-makin'. Ah never married her for not...
Contemporary sociology grows from work of the past, this is no different in the manner that Patricia Hill Collins builds off W.E.B Du Bois understanding of double consciousness. In her essay, “Learning from the Insider Within: The Sociological Significance of Black Feminist Thought”, Patricia Hill Collins analyses Black feminist thought through a discourse following three distinct themes that allow for Black Women within the field of sociology an unique perspective outside the boundaries. Collins diverges into the topic by breaking down the historical example of “outsider within” which provides black women a distinct point of critical lens that is beneficial. Following, Collins “[examines] the sociological significance of the Black feminist
Throughout history society has been controlled by men, and because of this women were exposed to some very demanding expectations. A woman was expected to be a wife, a mother, a cook, a maid, and sexually obedient to men. As a form of patriarchal silencing, any woman who deviated from these expectations was often a victim of physical, emotional, and social beatings. Creativity and individuality are dirty, sinful and very inappropriate for a respectful woman. By taking away women’s voices, men were able to remove any power that they might have had.
In other words, Carbado meant to prove that not only Black women fit into this definition of intersectionality, and therefore there are other groups of people, aside from Black women, who can share their same experiences. Carbado’s theory about gender and colorblind intersectionality comes close to being able to explain Audrey Lorde’s understanding of the Black women identity. But applying Carbado’s theory it becomes more inclusive towards other oppressed groups of people, and it highlights Carbado’s expansion of intersectionality within Lorde’s essay.
Social activist Audre Lorde articulates the detrimental impact of oppression on society as a whole and exemplifies it as a perpetual cycle in humanity through the context of the gender inequality. Lorde states, “I am not free while any woman is unfree, even when her shackles are very different from my own.” She advocates for marginalized voices through solidarity over charity, and expressing inequality as a two-way street: even the oppressor is not free until all are free. She articulates that by setting free the oppressed, people can set themselves free. While she places this idea in the context of gender inequality, by nature it applies to all forms of inequality in society. These aspects of oppression are fundamental to understanding inequality,
Starks interpretation on women proper role is that women are valuable objects to look at not to be utilized. The naive Janie falls for Starks words and begins to fall in love with him. Janie ends up leaving Logan Killicks for Joe Starks and starts a whole life in Eatonville as the Mayor 's wife. Janie divorcing Killicks for Starks proves that Janie puts her happiness first in situations simply because she likes the way Starks treats and talks to her. But by Janie marrying twice, this goes against The American Dream myth because the woman is never supposed to leave their husbands. The women are supposed to marry once, and if issues are encountered, they are to be worked out between the husband and
“My mother refused to wear a red dress or smile broadly in photographs. The red dress would have suggested that she was a loose woman, a “hoochie mama” as another friend would say, and to bare one’s teeth was just not done. A mask of decorum was to be maintained...My mother-in-law recalled how she and her siblings in New Haven, Connecticut, were not allowed to eat watermelon on the steps of their home. It would be too easy for whites to see these dark children eating fruits as something else, something from their own imagination”(pg 14). This quote reinforces Dubois’ idea of double consciousness, that african americans constantly are aware of how they are perceived by others. Even when they know that these stereotypes of themselves are not true they know what the association is with these objects/actions and actively stray away from
Anthony, and Gloria Steinheim––who are all white women––for the essential role that they played in the struggle for female liberation; while simultaneously, excluded black women such as, Sourjourner Truth, Shirley Chisolm, Ida B. Wells, and Angela Davis who were instrumental in both the black liberation and feminist movements. Because of this ostracism by the feminist movement, black women decided to create womanism or black feminism, “to articulate the complexity of black American women's demand for social, economic and political equality” (Harlow). Black feminism addresses the ways in which both the black oppression and gender-based oppression operate jointly to subjugate black women in their communities, homes, jobs, and society; it is a movement that exposes the problematic practices that the feminist movement has operated under for years, and combats the notion that feminism is solely for white, upper-class women. Black female philosopher, Audre Lorde, utilizes a philosophical lens to explain the differences between black and white women in her essay, Age, Race, Class, and Sex: Women Redefining Difference. By virtue of the differences in the nature and experiences of black and white women, black feminism is a necessary and crucial movement in present-day