The way humans look externally and feel internally has been a barrier and the kernel to many of America’s social conflicts. Audre Lorde’s essay, “Eye to Eye: Black Women, Hatred, and Anger,” attempts to answer why Black women feel contempt among one another. It resonates that Black women, in lieu of their hatred for each other, should replace it by bonding together because they share the same experiences of being women and Black. In the essay titled, “Colorblind Intersectionality,” penned by, Devon W. Carbado seeks to expand the definition of “intersectionality,” which is a theory Professor Crenshaw initially introduced as a, “Drawing explicitly on Black feminist criticism,” (Carbado 811). Carbado is able to provide other forms of intersections by …show more content…
In other words, Carbado meant to prove that not only Black women fit into this definition of intersectionality, and therefore there are other groups of people, aside from Black women, who can share their same experiences. Carbado’s theory about gender and colorblind intersectionality comes close to being able to explain Audrey Lorde’s understanding of the Black women identity. But applying Carbado’s theory it becomes more inclusive towards other oppressed groups of people, and it highlights Carbado’s expansion of intersectionality within Lorde’s essay. In “Colorblind Intersectionality,” Devon W. Carbado explains that often intersectionality focuses “squarely on Black women or on race and gender,” (Carbado 814). However, scholars have mobilized intersectionality to “multiple axes of difference—class, sexual orientation, nation, citizenship, immigration status, disability, and religion (not just race and gender),” (Carbado 815). In order for Carbado to expand and make of the word “intersectionality” more inclusive, he introduces two concepts, colorblind intersectionality and gender-blind intersectionality. Colorblind basically refers to “instances in which
On Being Young-A Woman-and Colored an essay by Marita Bonner addresses what it means to be black women in a world of white privilege. Bonner reflects about a time when she was younger, how simple her life was, but as she grows older she is forced to work hard to live a life better than those around her. Ultimately, she is a woman living with the roles that women of all colors have been constrained to. Critics, within the last 20 years, believe that Marita Bonners’ essay primarily focuses on the double consciousness ; while others believe that she is focusing on gender , class , “economic hardships, and discrimination” . I argue that Bonner is writing her essay about the historical context of oppression forcing women into intersectional oppression by explaining the naturality of racial discrimination between black and white, how time and money equate to the American Dream, and lastly how gender discrimination silences women, specifically black women.
In our society of today, there are many images that are portrayed through media and through personal experience that speak to the issues of black motherhood, marriage and the black family. Wherever one turns, there is the image of the black woman in the projects and very rarely the image of successful black women. Even when these positive images are portrayed, it is almost in a manner that speaks to the supposed inferiority of black women. Women, black women in particular, are placed into a society that marginalizes and controls many of the aspects of a black woman’s life. As a result, many black women do not see a source of opportunity, a way to escape the drudgery of their everyday existence. For example, if we were to ask black mother’s if they would change their situation if it became possible for them to do so, many would change, but others would say that it is not possible; This answer would be the result of living in a society that has conditioned black women to accept their lots in lives instead of fighting against the system of white and male dominated supremacy. In Ann Petry’s The Street, we are given a view of a black mother who is struggling to escape what the street symbolizes. In the end though, she becomes captive to the very thing she wishes to escape. Petry presents black motherhood, marriage and the black family as things that are marginalized according to the society in which they take place.
Although it often goes unknown, Allison wrote Two or Three Things I Know For Sure and it shares experiences that reveal intersectionality and it addresses how her life experiences and environment shaped her into who she is now. This book also reveals the juxtaposition between how people identify themselves with intersectionality and how society or others view and hold them to specific standards. This book reveals how history can repeat itself, how others can be impacted by the intersectionality surrounding them and how they feel pressured to stick to a standard placed upon them such as the reoccurring idea of being “pretty”. The book ends with Allison and her sister addressing Allison’s niece as being “pretty” and Allison breaks down the walls surrounding her allowing herself to see the battles she’s faced in the
According to Crenshaw, even though the White House, through their signature gender-and-race targeted initiatives address racism, they still tend to undermine and ignore black girls. Okazawa-Rey and Kirk define racism as racial prejudice and discrimination that are supported by institutional power and authority, where there is an existence of the ideology of white superiority and is used to the advantages of white people and the disadvantages of people of color (Okazawa-Rey and Kirk G-5). This leads Crenshaw, to use the next theory, sexism, as a base to elaborate her article, thus naming it, ‘Black Girls Matter.’ Sexism can be defined as the “attitudes, actions, and institutional practices that subordinate individuals because of their gender” (Okazawa-Rey and Kirk
A girl who is considered a racial minority face many challenges in her lifetime that can impede on her well-being. Racism and discrimination are two obstacles minorities have to face. Racism is the “belief in the inherent superiority of one race over all other and thereby the right to dominance” (Lorde 19). Due to racism, minorities have a lack of support from other individuals in the society. Audre Lorde explains her understanding on this issue in her article called “Age, Race, Class, and Sex: Women Refining Difference”. Lorde specifically discusses the discrimination against the African American minority population and gives many examples to support her claims. She stated that one example of Black female discrimination is in literature. Black
Intersectionality is a term used to describe a situation whereby an individual has multiple identities and as result, the person feels that he or she doesn’t belong to one community or another. Because of the many conflicts in an individual’s identities, he or she could be a victim of multiple threats of discrimination (Williams, 2017). The discrimination could be a result of race, gender, age, health and ethnicity among others. To give an example, a black transgender woman could be discriminated in the workplace because of being black and also because she is transgender. From an intersectionality perspective, the woman faces multiple threats of discrimination because of the overlapping identities of gender and race and therefore the transwoman faces a bigger struggle (Barber, 2017). Transwomen of color will most likely encounter prejudices in the form of homophobia, racism or sexism in many dimensions of their life. The perspective of intersectionality is not only applicable to women but it can also be applied to males. For example, a gay Latino man could be discriminated based on race because he is an immigrant into
Today many people believe we live in a post-race society and the concept of colorblindness stems from this notion. Colorblindness refers to this idea that race doesn’t matter; that we shouldn’t see it or distinguish it and we are all equal. This ideology of colorblindness is harmful to individuals, their experiences and society as a whole. The concept of colorblindness denies people the power to define themselves while also classifying important aspect of their identity irrelevant or non-existent; race being one them. In the novel Black, White and Jewish, Rebecca Walker struggles with her racial identity and the impossibility of colorblindness in society.
Colorblindness affects more people than you might think, around 1 in every 12 males have color blindness (CBA). Although it is more common for boys to have color blindness girls can also get it, about 1 in 200 girls will have colorblindness (CBA). Look around you; chances are someone you know has colorblindness. There is nothing these people can do about it; it is a genetic disease.
White privilege is when white people are treated better simply because of their skin tone. White is considered to be the norm (Klement Lecture 7) therefore, any person of a different colour is the “other,” which correlates with a more negative treatment towards them, especially in the law system. Intersectional analysis is crucial when studying white privilege because it looks at how people from various groups are affected by rationalization differently. As mentioned in Lecture 7 (Klement), intersectional analyses examine how people of different races, classes, genders, sexualities, religions, ethnicities, and age considers how each of the different statuses change the way people are racialized. bell hooks argues that white people need to actively
We live in a liberal society, not a liberated one. We have developed the ability to live with those biologically and culturally different from us. But the concept and effects of race remain. Race is not merely a characterization of phenotypes. Race is also a cultural definition imposed on us by historical context. Race, in essence, is an idea. It is the classification of others within realms of their single story and living within the confines of our own single story. Racism is fear of that idea. Racism is power.
Williams Crenshaw’s “Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence Against Women of Color” aided me in understanding the importance of intersectionality. Intersectionality is a framework that is critical in helping us position ourselves to others and not individually. While in “Heteropatriarchy and the Three Pillars of White Supremacy,” Dr. Smith begins her paper by discussing the division that lies within the community of color. My presentation on Dr. Williams Crenshaw’s article and Dr. Smith’s arguments reminded me that there is no greater power against an oppressive system than a conglomeration of people working together to fight
Intersectionality was one of the greatest concepts this course shed light on, intersectionality is can be broadly defined as the coming together of various social groups to work together to fight against forms of oppression. In the conceptual frameworks portion of the book Readings for Diversity and Social Justice, they talk about the importance of privileged identities and disadvantaged identities coming together to work towards solving a particular issue. While before taking this course I was somewhat aware of the various forms of oppression, I never gave much thought to how I could help combat forms of oppression that I did not necessarily experience with my own identity.
1. Charisse Jones and Kumea Shorter-Gooden convey the fact that Black women in the United States still experience racism and sexism today. African American women have stereotypes and negative connotations attached to them causing them to experience oppression. In response to this, they undergo the “shifting” phenomenon where they alter themselves to fit into what society expects and wants from them. Black women undergo behavioral changes and emotional ups and downs in the face of bias. They feel stress trying to compromise their true selves. “Shifting” gives an insight of what it is like to jeopardize one’s true self in order to survive in society.
Du Bois states “the problem of the twentieth Century is the problem of the Color line” (Du Bois, p.g. 16) Du bois to support his argument uses the juxtaposition of the dark skin color of African American to the lighter skins of other minority groups as symbol to the existence of social barrier or “ veil” that separates African American from the rest of society .Du Bois uses the “Veil” metaphor to represent the color-line, symbolizes that African-Americans would live with a barrier with for life. Du bois notes that they would always live with the ever present knowledge that they were different, and that white society will view them differently. The “veil” is permanent regardless of how hard the they tired, the “negro” would never be able to shed themselves from this metaphor. The creation of Du Bois color line argument was molded on the racial hostility experienced by Du Bois during his own life. Du Bois notes that he first became aware of the “veil” during his encounter with a girl in his school that refused to accept the note that he had written for her. Through this experience the reader is provided two key insights. Firstly it provides an intimate humanizing experience of the racial hostility of social encounter
Colorism has became a huge issue in today’s society. Colorism is an issue because, it is a form of racism, it reflects back on the days of slavery, it is overall rude, and jail terms are affected.