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Essay on the advantages and disadvantages of the Freudian approach to literature
Psychoanalytic Approach to Literature
Comedy according to aristotle
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In Gogol’s Wife by Tommaso Landolfi, the author is mocking men, women, and Gogol. The author mock’s men in their perception of women as an object or property. This can be seen by reading the title “Gogol’s Wife”. By making the wife “Gogol’s” she is seen as his property, instead of her own person. By defining a woman by her husband, the author is saying that women are inferior to their husbands. Likewise by not naming the story after the wife herself, she is seen more as an object and not as a person. Some men think that their wife is their possession or property and that she lives for him, Landolfi is mocking this idea. The author is mocking this idea of women being inferior to men and treating them as property to try and reform the view …show more content…
Schopenhauer, who derived his theory of humor from Aristotle, believes humor is “the understanding of a perceived incongruity”. Their definition of humor accounts for irony, and Gogol’s Wife is one giant irony. It is said the Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol, the main character of the story, never had romantic relations with anyone, yet this is the story of his “wife”. It also ironic that Gogol’s so called “wife” “was not a woman. Nor any sort of human being, nor any sort of living creature at all”. When people think of wives they usually think of a human. This adds to the irony in that Gogol never had any romantic relations but in the story the narrator claims Gogol and a wife, made of balloon. The irony is shown when the author writes “certain biographers who were also the personal friends of the Master, and who complained that...they had never seen her and had ‘never even heard her voice’” admitting that most people believe Gogol never had a wife. Freud believes there are two types of humor, tendentious and non-tendentious. Tendentious jokes have an underlying theme, usually involving lust or hostility. Gogol’s Wife contains both lust and hostility. The story is one giant satire of Gogol’s love life. Freud believes one of human’s drives is eros, the sexual drive, which can be seen in Gogol’s Wife. Gogol would “touch her up in various ways so as to obtain more or less the type of woman which suited him at that day or moment”, meaning he would change her to whatever type of women was appealing to him at the time, feeding his eros. Landolfi relies on these different theories to be sure the humor is seen in his
Traditional female characteristics and female unrest are underscored in literary works of the Middle Ages. Although patriarchal views were firmly established back then, traces of female contempt for such beliefs could be found in several popular literary works. Female characters’ opposition to societal norms serves to create humor and wish- fulfillment for female and male audiences to enjoy. “Lanval” by Marie De France and “The Wife of Bath’s Tale” by Geoffrey Chaucer both show subversion of patriarchal attitudes by displaying the women in the text as superior or equal to the men. However, “The Wife of Bath’s Tale” also incorporates conventional societal ideas by including degradation of women and mistreatment of a wife by her husband.
The role of the Gogolian narrator is an unassuming revealer of what is hidden in the world. Revelations can be the world’s evils, morality, or a nation’s ultimate purpose. Gogol’s narrator is merely a puppet of his imagination and is kept within certain boundaries. Sometimes the narrator’s lack of transparency can make a story seem like a parable or folk tale like in “The Nose” and “Nevsky Prospect.” We can see this in what limited information the narrator is allowed to reveal to the reader and I will examine this theme in Gogol’s “Nevsky Prospect,” “The Nose,” and Dead Souls.
From the beginning of his tale, the husband is quite bland on the subject of love. This is present when he tells the part about his wife's first husband, even going as far as to say the man doesn't deserve to be named because "he was the childhood sweetheart, and what more does he want" (348). When he tells of Beulah, Robert's wife, and her tragic death, he shows no compassion in mocking her for marrying a blind man. He even asks if the woman was a "Negro" because of her name. His materialistic views shine through when he feels actually pity for her because she could "never see herself as she was seen in the eyes of her loved one" (349). His lack of compassion for the tale of the blind man's marriage tells the reader that maybe the husband himself doesn't believe in love. When he refers to his wife's first husband as "this man who'd first enjoyed her favors" and "shrugs" when he thinks his wife is disappointed in his actions, it informs the reader he may look at relationships, even his own, as more of a business deal than a devotion of love (348, 350). His wry humor is major indication of his sarcastic character. He even makes a crack to his wife about the blind man befo...
Marriage is an important theme in the plays, ‘A Doll’s House’ written by Henrik Ibsen, and ‘The House of Bernarda Alba’ written by Federico Garcia Lorca. Though the concept of marriage is two people living together through love and companionship, it revolves around the duties and principals put up by the society. Both of these books share anachronistic views of marriage where marriage is not an emotional attachment between two entities but a social engagement between two entities of similar wealth and power.
“Like a river flows so surely to the sea darling, so it goes some things are meant to be.” In literature there have been a copious amount of works that can be attributed to the theme of love and marriage. These works convey the thoughts and actions in which we as people handle every day, and are meant to depict how both love and marriage can effect one’s life. This theme is evident in both “The Storm” by Kate Chopin and “The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Gilman; both stories have the underlying theme of love and marriage, but are interpreted in different ways. Both in “The Storm” and in “The Yellow Wallpaper,” the women are the main focus of the story. In “The Storm” you have Calixta, a seemingly happy married woman who cheats on her husband with an “old-time infatuation” during a storm, and then proceeds to go about the rest of her day as if nothing has happened when her husband and son return. Then you have “The Yellow Wallpaper” where the narrator—who remains nameless—is basically kept prisoner in her own house by her husband and eventually is driven to the point of insanity.
When studying gender roles in history, one will find that females are often depicted in similar ways no matter the era or region of study. Even when comparing the industrialized, early, twentieth century to today’s progressive era, there are striking similarities between female roles. We can see that over the course of the twentieth century, the qualities of loyalty and honesty have decreased in marriages due to the treatment of the two main female roles as depicted literature. The first was the role of the wife. The wife was often portrayed as a housekeeper and a nanny. Dull in appearance, there was no aesthetic beauty to this typical female. The other main role was the “other woman.” The more mysterious and promiscuous character, this woman portrayed the other part of the female population. Both of these types of characters are composites that portrayed the average, disposable female while how they were treated conveyed the general handling of females in the early, twentieth century.
Gogol basically grows up his whole life not feeling comfortable with his identity and who he is. Gogol doesn't feel like he belongs in his parents Bengali family, and he somewhat feels like he is living in between cultures sometimes. Growing up in America has made him feel like an outsider because his parents were always doing things in their culture. Throughout the book Gogol makes great efforts to find out who he really is and he does that by moving away from home. Gogol’s definition of home changes whether it's by getting a new girlfriend or moving to a new place he's not familiar with.
The problem we find in this story, and in puritanism, is that it presents contrasting views of love. Attachment to earthly possessions, to other people in fact, is discouraged, because everything physical leads to temptation and damnation, and ultimately hell, while the road to salvation of the individual wanders through a spiritual discipline, rigour, austerity. A man should not love his wife more than he loves God; in fact, it is recommended that he not derive pleasure from his wife, but rather seek suffering, in order to redeem himself from his earthly condition, his impure state.
Their initial characterizations play on the stereotypes of the ideal “mother” and “wife,” respectively, yet once Lucy dies, all that remains is Mina’s chaste model of the perfect mother. She mothers the men in the group, going as far as embracing Arthur Holmwood as he weeps for his diseased fiancée, Lucy. Lucy also offers to comfort Quincey P. Morris, another of Lucy’s suitors. Moreover, the men in the group praise Mina for her intellect; Van Helsing goes so far as to state “She has man 's brain, a brain that a man should have were he much gifted, and a woman 's heart” (Chapter 18, 30 September, Dr. Seward’s Journal). Lucy can type, follows her husband’s study of the law, and keeps an account of the entire adventure, but the men on her side insist that she is too weak to fight. Even at the beginning of the novel, Lucy states, “when we are married, I shall want to be useful to Jonathan, and if I can stenograph well enough I can take down what he wants to say in this way and write it out for him on the typewriter” (Stoker 43). This implies that the purpose of a wife is to be an accessory to her husband’s skills, and to be dependent on him for original ideas. Mina must operate under these terms and conditions in order to represent a facet of what women ought to be, and this standard and internalized mentality concerning the role of women in relation to men suggests that part of what it means to be
The movement for female right is one of the important social issue and it is ongoing reaction against the traditional male definition of woman. In most civilizations there was very unequal treatment between women and men with the expectation being that women should simply stay in the house and let the men support them. A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen, and Trifles, by Susan Glaspell, are two well-known plays that give rise to discussions over male-female relationships. In both stories, they illustrate the similar perspectives on how men repress women in their marriages; men consider that women should obey them and their respective on their wives is oppressed showing the problems in two marriages that described in two plays. Therefore, in this essay, I will compare two similar but contrast stories; A Doll's House and Trifles, focusing on how they describe the problems in marriage related to women as victims of suppressed right.
To answer this question we must analyze the historical context in which this story was written. It was 1894 when Kate Chopin wrote the short story. Over the time, females have suffered the consequences of a wide range of discriminations and cultural prototypes. Around the 1800’s wives were nothing, but an ornament. They were supposed to be in the house and take care of the children and the husband. They had not voice when a decision needed to be make. They were a simple requirement to meet the standards set by society.
This is sickening because females are humans just like men. This part of her essay begins to weaken because Brady diminishes the pride from the “wife” and treats it in an inhuman matter. To replace a human such as having a divorce requires paperwork and the partner doesn 't deserve a kick to the curb because they have imperfections or seem to not have all the qualities a wife should have. It 's the imperfection in our personalities that makes the human population unique and to treat it as something to be taken for granted is not right. It 's the norms of society that grows us up to think this narrow minded way in believing that women particularly wives are mandated to always cook, clean and go to work, it 's everyone 's responsibility to keep a home clean, men and women. To be pressure to grow up and follow the rules society has been brought up retrains the freedom of individuals to be
People in the world today have problems staying faithful to their loved ones. In the story, Gomov, who was married, cheated on his wife with many women. He also felt that men were an superior to woman: “He had begun to betray her with other women long ago, betrayed her frequently, and probably for that reason nearly always spoke ill of woman, and when they were discussed in his presence he would maintain that they were an inferior race”(81). He felt bitter towards women, and he would always talk bad about them by calling them names around his wife and others: “It seemed to him that his experience was bitter enough to give him the right to call them any name he liked”(81).
The World Wife anthology written by Carol Ann Duffy, challenges the established exemplification of prevailing characteristics found in both genders, in a patriarchal society. Duffy manipulates some of these characteristics in the poem through the mythological allusion of medusa. The innocence of womanhood is overshadowed by the protagonists’ related violent imageries; instead, she is seen to be redoubtable and menacing, attributes associated with men. Society’s categories for what is masculine and feminine are portrayed to be unrealistic, and undermining. The main character is, however, still capable of possessing more ‘females based’ strengths and weaknesses, such as her strong emotions, which show a juxtaposition of love and hatred. Women, therefore, possess the disposition of both femininity and masculinity, creating a superior appearance.
To many cultures the purpose of women is to be the wives and baby makers, while the purpose of men are too bring in the food and money. This principle of being the means of well bringing for a family is what determines the value of a person to society. The man has a large responsibility, by caring materially for the family, including food, shelter, and other belongings. The woman continues to produce offspring, and is mostly vulnerable through out the year, especially during pregnancy. This power difference brings about an abused amount of force enough to break the spirit of another. “What is the conqueror’s wife, if not a conquest herself?” A woman is not worthless. Truly both sexes are equal. What is different, what actually affects the actions of others is how a person is treated. If a person is treated inferior, then the person becomes inferior. Often what we are is not determined by us as many hope and believe. What we are is predetermined by society. It does not matter if it is right or wrong. The popular belief is the only belief.