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Emotional effects of war on soldiers
Emotional effects of war on soldiers
Warfare in the medieval era
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Chapter Three | Masculinity and the Impact of War on Bodies and Minds “Even if the boy does live, he’ll be a cripple. Worse than a cripple. A grotesque. Give me a good clean death.” The “instead” that follows Jaime’s statement in the first book of the A Song of Ice and Fire series is silent, but strongly implied. His younger brother Tyrion, the dwarf, disagrees: “Speaking for the grotesques [...] I beg to differ. Death is so terribly final, while life is full of possibilities.” Within these two lines, multiple issues arise, most importantly as far as this text is concerned, the links between the construction of masculine identity and the idea of bodily wholeness. From the very start of the series, Martin calls upon a fairly traditional binary …show more content…
Jaime and Tyrion provide an excellent example for a discussion of how bodily wholeness relates to perceived masculinity, and the role that masculinity plays in warfare. Though in the first book it appears as if Martin has framed the concept of masculinity within its most familiar paradigm--i.e., Jaime of the normative male body and profession as compared to Tyrion of the non-normative male body and profession--the author slowly but skillfully engineers a reversal of fortunes for both characters, at least in terms of their bodily experience. Ser Jaime is captured, held prisoner, and loses his sword hand, a part of his body inherent in his ability to achieve prowess and honor. Tyrion, on the other hand, is captured, effects his own release, administrates the kingdom as King Joffrey’s Hand, and leads knights and mercenaries into battle. Through these characters, this chapter explores the three related concepts of war, masculinity, and military-related injury; how they are interrelated and interdependent. In it, I focus foremost on the character of Jaime Lannister, knight of the Kingsguard and acknowledged as one of the best fighters in the land of Westeros and seek to engage in a discussion of the effects that war and combat can have on the body and mind of the soldier, what sorts of scars and wounds are inflicted, and the consequences …show more content…
To that effect, Paul Longmore has suggested that “the goal of warfare is not framed solely in terms of killing the enemy. The purpose is to ‘disable’ the enemy, with the implicit message that disablement, whether interpreted literally or metaphorically, is equivalent to defeat or to being rendered powerless.” Perhaps, to build upon both Scarry and Longmore, it would be accurate to suggest that the main purpose and outcome of war is the creation of disabled bodies. And in terms of the recent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, this certainly seems to be the case. The Department of Defense reports over 50,000 members of the Armed Forces have been wounded in action, while just under 7,000 have been killed in the Afghanistan and Iraq war zones. These numbers come from a Congressional research report last updated in February of 2014. However, as of December 2012, the Department of Veterans Affairs reported that the number of service men and women who had sought treatment from them “since returning from war zones in Iraq and Afghanistan” was over 900,000. At the time, the number of new patients seeking assistance was about 10,000 per month; this continuous rise in usage contributed to administrative issues in serving the large population of veterans in need of care. The
As citizens of the United States of America, we are often blind to not only the current traditions of foreign nations, but also the historical traditions of early civilizations. For instance, many have heard of the Greek city-state Sparta; however, do they truly understand the impact of Spartan civilization in history? Sparta is quite unique in its structure and development, and its history offers valuable insight to early Greek civilization. In his novel Gates of Fire, Steven Pressfield works diligently to uncover the realities of life in Sparta during the Persian Wars. Though the novel is a work of fiction, Gates of Fire is astoundingly accurate in its historical detail, and offers readers the opportunity to have a greater comprehension and
Masculinity in Deliverance by James Dickey The novel Deliverance by James Dickey portrays the essence of middle-aged men experiencing the mid-life crisis through which they must prove to themselves and more importantly everyone else that they still possess the strength, bravery, intelligence, and charm believed to be society's ideal of "masculinity." Dickey's four main characters undertake a risky adventure to satisfy their egotistical complexes and prove to the world that they are still the strong young men their wives married. Each character represents a different stereotype of the middle-aged man, and therefore experiences a different type of psychological and physical journey than their peers. The character Drew Ballinger in Deliverance is a sales supervisor at a soft-drink company who is very devoted to his son and his job.
Beloved by Toni Morrison and A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry tackle issues of masculinity. On pages 125 to 138 and 147 to 149, Morrison illustrations in Beloved how white power structures and the sexual fetishism of the black man’s body, which were established by American slavery, emasculates the black man. On pages 143 to 144 in A Raisin in the Sun, which takes place between World War II and the present, portrays a peculiar mindset of a black man, and his fight to define his masculinity within a matriarchal family structure, a product of American slavery. The language in Beloved and A Raisin in the Sun, underlines the products of the societal structures of slavery effect on black masculinity.
In this speech, Shakespeare targeted his Elizabethan audience through allusions to the Great Chain of Being, which governed their society, with the intent of influencing the themes that his audience interpreted. Targeting the audience with that aspect of their lives had the effect of developing Hamlet’s underlying themes: the frailty of man, appearance versus reality, and the uncertainty of death.
Claudius begins his speech with an acknowledgement of Hamlet’s death and his own marriage to Gertrude. Claudius claims that the “green” memory of his “dear brother’s death” “befitted” Denmark to contract into “one brow of woe” (1.2). Despite Claudius’ affectionate reference to Hamlet, his hypocrisy is transparent. The colour imagery reveals the freshness of Hamlet’s death. The metaphor used suggests the kingdom is expected to unite and share the grief over its loss but the diction in “befitted” hints Claudius disapproval of expected mourning rites, causing the audience to doubt his sincerity. Furthermore, Claudius adds that “discretion fought with nature” causing him to think of Hamlet together with a “remembrance of [himself]” (1.2). The metaphorical conflict between “discretion” and “nature” contrasts Claudius’ hasty marriage to the expected mourning after Hamlet’s death. Moreover, in Claudius’ statement, the dependen...
From the beginning of the human race the gender roles of man and woman appeared to be straightforward. Women, being able to procreate, were sought to as nurturers, while men were to protect and provide for their family. Throughout all cultures, practices and beliefs of individuals toward masculinity significantly vary. Masculinity or manliness associates with characteristics such as strength, bravery, handsomeness, and physique in a male. With the ongoing changes in human history, the term masculinity has greatly evolved. Our western views’ paint a clear image of how children should be raised according to their gender role, which leads to more and more of them falling victim to the stigma of societal pressures and stereotypes. For example,
According to several versions of the Webster dictionaries, the word “masculinity” refers to the characteristics of being masculine, manly, male stereotypes, having or occurring in a stressed final syllable <masculine rhyme>, having the final chord occurring on a strong beat <masculine cadence>, of or forming the formal, active, or generative principle of the cosmos. The word “masculinity” overall reflects the stereotype of men being a strong force, in music chords or in general.
“Tears aren’t a woman’s only weapon. The best one’s between her legs. Learn how to use it.”
My name is Tyrion Lannister, I was born the second son of Tywin and Joanna Lannister of Casterly Rock. I have an older brother and an older sister named Jaime and Cersei, both of whom were destined for greatness as greatness was expected of them. Me? I was born a dwarf as well as a second son, nothing is expected of me. Many people have fond memories of family, I on the other hand do not. I do not ever remember my mother, not the brightness of her smile, or the way her hair flowed in a summer's breeze, or even a soft kiss upon my young cheek. The reason I don't know all of these things is because my mother died giving birth to me, a fact my father and my sister still to this very day curse with every breath in their spiteful bodies. My brother Jamie is a good sort, I often enjoyed his company, I always respected him, and he never lied to me.
Masculinity in the modern age is changing, so much so that many men feel inadequate. A large amount of men are unable to understand what type of masculinity they fit into and what they want to fit into. In Gurmeet S. Kanwal’s article from “Psychology Today: The masculinity crisis, male malaise, and the challenge of becoming a good man” he says that, “the perception and image of heterosexual men in this country has never been as negative, de-idealized, and potentially harmful as it is now. And lots of men are feeling it.” Men are now feeling that they do not fit into or do not want to fit into popular masculinity. This is similar to the way American men were feeling about masculinity after World War II. Even though the male malaise was not present, many men were not content with the popularized breadwinner masculinity, according to Elizabeth Fraterrigo in her book Playboy and the Making of the Good Life in Modern America. In the time where Playboy was first starting off the most accepted masculinity was the breadwinner, which has now been looked down upon by media. The unhappiness men had at the time towards that one accepted masculinity was mended by Hugh Hefner’s creation of the Playboy lifestyle. Fueled by the male malaise and negativity from the media, masculinity will have to change in the near future even if it means creating a new kind like Playboy did.
There are three prominent monsters in the Beowulf text, Grendel, his mother, and the dragon. While the dragon proves to be the most fatale of foes for Beowulf, Grendel and his mother do not simply pose physical threats to the Germanic society; their roles in Beowulf are manifold. They challenge the perceptions of heroism, a sense of unrivalled perfection and superiority. Moreover, they allow the reader to reconsider the gender constructs upheld within the text; one cannot help but feel that the threat that these monsters present is directed towards the prevalent flaws in Beowulf’s world. Moreover, what makes these monsters is not their physical appearance; it is what they embody. Both Grendel and his mother have humanlike qualities yet their monstrous appearance arises from what their features and mannerisms represent. The challenge they pose to societal paradigms makes them far more terrifying to our heroes than any scaled flesh or clawing hand. These monsters provide the ‘most authoritative general criticism […] of the structure and conduct of the poem’. Their presence provides contrast and criticism of the brave society (Heaney 103).
Gender, sex, gender roles, masculine, and feminine; these are all things that can be shaped by society. Your gender roles can change, but not your sex; that is given at birth. If gender is shaped a certain way, then that changes us to fit those societal norms of gender roles, masculinity and femininity, patriarchy, and how to maintain this gender order.
Relationships Between Men and Women in The Winter's Tale by William Shakespeare The Winter's Tale was written in 1611, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. The play is one of Shakespeare's romance titles, though it could be more justly referred to as a 'tragi-comedy' due to the instances of accusation, death, repentance and reunion. To successfully study how Shakespeare presents relationships between men and women in The Winter's Tale there are four main relationships to examine - Hermione and Leontes, Paulina and Antigonus, Perdita and Florizel, and Leontes and Paulina.
and Dr. Whitehead, male behaviors and masculinity are not just a simple product of biological predispositions or genetic coding. All societies around the world have the cultural concept of gender, but some of them do not have the idea masculinity. The modern usage of masculinity usually describes the behaviors that result from the type of person someone is. This means that one who is un-masculine would behave differently. For example, “being peaceable rather than violent, conciliatory rather than dominant, hardly able to kick a football, uninterested in sexual conquest, and so forth” (42). The presented concept of masculinity presumes that one has to believe in individual difference and personal agency. So, it is based on the concept of individuality
A tragic character must pass from happiness to misery whereby he must be seen at the beginning of t... ... middle of paper ... ... born a bastard which continuously haunts him, does what he does as an act against the whole society. Therefore, Edmund’s driving force is to revolt against those in power, against traditional values and against the very make-up of society. He regards this revolution as a worthy cause, and his scheming is aimed at putting himself in power, gaining the throne.