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Social construct of masculinity
Social construct of masculinity
Social construct of masculinity
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“…men are unhappy and don't really know why.”
Masculinity in the modern age is changing, so much so that many men feel inadequate. A large amount of men are unable to understand what type of masculinity they fit into and what they want to fit into. In Gurmeet S. Kanwal’s article from “Psychology Today: The masculinity crisis, male malaise, and the challenge of becoming a good man” he says that, “the perception and image of heterosexual men in this country has never been as negative, de-idealized, and potentially harmful as it is now. And lots of men are feeling it.” Men are now feeling that they do not fit into or do not want to fit into popular masculinity. This is similar to the way American men were feeling about masculinity after World War II. Even though the male malaise was not present, many men were not content with the popularized breadwinner masculinity, according to Elizabeth Fraterrigo in her book Playboy and the Making of the Good Life in Modern America. In the time where Playboy was first starting off the most accepted masculinity was the breadwinner, which has now been looked down upon by media. The unhappiness men had at the time towards that one accepted masculinity was mended by Hugh Hefner’s creation of the Playboy lifestyle. Fueled by the male malaise and negativity from the media, masculinity will have to change in the near future even if it means creating a new kind like Playboy did.
During post-war-era America women were feeling something very similar to what men are feeling now. As quoted in Kanwal’s article Betty Friedan defined women's unhappiness as ''the problem that has no name." She wrote, "... many American women were unhappy and did not know why". In her book Fraterrigo talks about how men q...
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...society. While there may only be two widely accepted, continually bashed, but nonetheless accepted masculinity, the breadwinner and the bachelor, that does mean there is not room for more masculinities that can be accepted by most.
Men are feeling the malaise and unhappiness frequently, which means that a change will come in which men can feel as they belong to something that defines them as masculine, and are accepted for it. Evidence from our own history in America with both men and women changing the perceptions on the roles of their own gender have proven that in time progression will be made. The real question that is yet to be answered is; what new types of masculinities will arise, and when will they come?
Works Cited
http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/psychoanalysis-30/201106/the-masculinity-crisis-male-malaise-and-the-challenge-becoming-good-ma
The topics that Joe Ehrmann uses as framework for his Building Men for Others program are quite intriguing and make you really question masculinity. The first topic, rejecting false masculinity, can be interpreted a few different ways. In the book, it states: “As young boys, we’re told to be men, or to act like men” soon followed with “we’ve got all these parents say ‘be a man’ to boys that have no concept of what that means. I completely agree with the statement of Joe Ehrmann and often question the definition of ‘being a man’. Many boys and men will reject the idea of a man being anything other than being big and strong or having power. Overall instead of a true definition of a man, kids and even adults interpret it as athletic ability, sexual conquest, and economic success. The second topic Joe speaks about is the relationships that make a real man. In the book it states “the number one complaint I hear from most wives is ‘My husband has no relationships with other men.’ In other words, most
The concept of masculinity is considered as the qualities and characteristics of a man, typical what is appropriate to a man. In this article, A Community Psychology of Men and Masculinity: Historical and Conceptual Review, The author Eric S. Mankowski and Kenneth I. Maton, analyze four main themes: "Men as gendered beings, the privilege and damage of being a masculine man, men as a privileged group, and men’s power and subjective powerlessness. The second and fourth themes are described as
All over the world Masculinity has many different cultural definitions. Depending where someone is from, and what they were brought up to believe, defines what the term “masculinity” entails. Different Social institutions all over the United States, such as the military, sports, clubs, and fraternities, have been constructing their interpretation of masculinity. One major social institution that is active in thousands of Universities across the United States is campus fraternities. Campus fraternities create their own sense of masculinity by generating certain requirements and characteristics a man must hold in order to represent them as a part of their fraternity.
Jensen provides evidence throughout the text for three assumptions on why masculinity must be terminated from pertaining to just males. It is proposed that masculinity is harmful for both men and women, that men are surrendering their humanity by conforming with masculinity, and
She taught at universities both in Australia and the United States. Connell highly disagreed that the ideas about what established masculinity are ethically definite. In other words, masculinity is important to whom is referred to. For example, “if women are seen as weak, passive and emotional, then men are supposed to be strong, aggressive, and rational” (Seidman, 221). Additionally, masculinity is based on how people interact with each other in which correlates with their race, class, and sexuality. With this said, Connell said, “to recognize diversity in masculinity: relations of alliance, dominance and subordination… This is a gender politics within masculinity” (Seidman, 223). To point out Connell’s theorizing masculinity, she believes that diversity defines masculinity has its own relationships with authorities. In our text, Seidman gave a brief example of how the roles carry out to the social authority such as President, Senator, CEO, General, media executive, or surgeon. It is stated that while there are many senators, executives, or CEOs who are women, it is definite identify as masculinity because people think those high authorities is only for a male role. In our text, Connell has mentioned that “every society has a dominant or a “hegemonic” type of masculinity” (223). This means that she believes men has the power or control type of their masculinity in the
The problem, as I see it, is that we have not re-defined masculinity for the modern age. In the old days, masculinity was measured by (1) physical abilities, particularly strength, but also skill, (2) power/success/wealth, and (3) sexual prowess. The first can be developed through education and hard work, the second could be acquired through the application of the first, and the third, well, either you got it or you don't, but locker-room bragging can always make up for any lacks, especially if you got the first two. Boys growing up in such a society work to develop their physical abilities and learn how to apply them most efficaciously, thus becoming a "man". This makes sense when a man might be faced with the challenge of building shelter on the prairie or raising crops, but us modern urban men are unlikely to face such challenges. Of course, we are not unprepared for the challenges of a modern urban lifestyle. Our education generally provides such life-sustaining skills as linear algebra, the performing arts, and information systems management. The educational system is successful enough to allow most of us to get jobs that pay us enough to afford all the requirements of a modern urban lifestyle: housing, food, clothing, entertainment, transportation, etc. The trouble is that while education has more or less kept pace with the advance of civilization, our notions of masculinity have not.
Masculinity is described as possession of attributes considered typical of a man. Hegemonic masculinity is a form of masculine character with cultural idealism and emphasis that connects masculinity to competitiveness, toughness, and women subordination. Masculinity hegemonic is the enforcement of male dominion over a society. Masculine ideology dates back to the time of agrarian and the industrial revolution in Europe when survival compelled men to leave their homesteads to work in industries to earn a living for their families while women remained at home to take care of family affairs (Good and Sherrod 210). Women did not work in industries then because industrial labor was considered too physical beyond their capacity. This led to definition of roles which placated the position of men in a society while condemning women as mere subordinates who cannot do without men. The critics of gender stereotypes in America describe the following five hegemonic features of masculinity: frontiersman ship, heterosexuality, occupational achievement, familial patriarchy, and physical force and control (Trujillo 4). The advent of the 20th century led to sweeping changes in American masculinity.
In the views of Micheal Kimmel “hegemonic masculinity” is a socially constructed process where men are pressured by social norms of masculine ideals to perform behaviors of a “true man” and its influence on young male’s growth. It is the ideology that being a man with power and expressing control over women is a dominant factor of being a biological male. The structure of masculinity was developed within the 18th to 19th century, as men who owned property and provided for his family with strength related work environments was the perfect example of being a generic “American man.” Kimmel introduces Marketplace Manhood and its relation to American men. He states, “Marketplace Masculinity describes the normative definition of American masculinity.
Myers mentioned in his article that this generation of young discouraged, angry men feels abandoned with the today’s norms. Male movie stars and athletes have further influenced the masculine norms. In males perspective, liking a feminine color, doing feminine actions, listening to specified girl music is considered to be less manly. These have greatly affected the likes and dislikes of many men. The entertainment industry has created a big gap between what is masculine or feminine. This has caused a big separation and it's getting worse. Male are taught to be man of the house, strong, and powerful, but sometimes they’re belittled by society that they can’t do certain things and all the power is
Masculinity is a subject that has been debated in our society for quite some time. Many wonder what it means to be masculine, as it is difficult to define this one –sided term. Pairing this already controversial term with “feminist studies” can bring about some thought - provoking conversation. Feminist studies of men have been around for many years with regards to the feminist movement. It seeks to create gradual improvements to society through its main principle of modifying the ways in which everyone views what it means to be a man. Feminist studies of men bring forth the discussion of hegemonic masculinity; how this contributes to the gender hierarchy, the radicalized glass escalator and ultimately the faults of this theory.
In our society today, the view of Masculinity has changed a lot where it almost
This variety has been studied since the 1980s, where a sociological shift from studying the male sex, to studying how men “enact” masculine identities occured (2009). Schrock and Schwalbe (2009) work to examine how literature studying these diverse masculinities, in order to “interpret the literature in terms of what it tells us about how males learn to perform manhood acts, about how and why such acts vary, and about how manhood acts reproduce gender inequality” (p. 277). They want to examine both how other genders are subordinated to men, and how some men are subordinated to others. Furthermore, they argue that it is not enough to simply be “male” in order to participate in these social interactions, but that rather a particular masculine identity must be crafted. They explain, “this requires mastering a set of conventional signifying practices through which the identity "man" is established and upheld in interaction” (2009, p. 279).
Do you remember when women were confined to the kitchen with a baby at the waist and a duster in the other hand? Of course not, this is 2016. Women are no longer held to the 1950’s housewife ideal and are free to explore career paths and break free from previous gender norms. But what about men? Have they had the same opportunities women have had in redefining gender relations? Traditionally, masculinity has been defined by strength and assertiveness. But, masculine gender role ideals can be damaging to men and affect their ability to be an emotionally-healthy individual. This can manifest in two ways, hyper-masculinity and hypo-masculinity, and both have negative impact on the individual. In the recent wave of feminism, goals have been broadened and are focusing on abolishing gender stereotypes and expectations. This applies not only to females, but to males as well. Results are starting to develop,
All can do assume as a matter of fact a nature of a man thus, making a negative output to a man. However, this could be a type desire that could help awaken and motivate the outlook or perspective we certainly have. This transitional process that everyone experiences should never be taken as a burden that would inhibit us from realizing the situations our society has. A man has the capacity to be successful without the need to follow the standard of how a man should be able to act in order to be considered as manly. No matter what we choose, as long as we believe positive results might fall into pieces. A true meaning and identification of being a manly doesn’t rely on traits and beliefs. It all fall under the factor of how we do things. A masculine wanting to be something often described to as feminine could be one without any hindrance. The obsession to be something is what makes a person a man, a whole new different standard that everyone would be able to adapt to. Eliminating the requirements and discriminative factors to what we know and what we try to believe. In general terms, a desire was never fuelled by masculinity and never was considered to be destructive to both genders. It is but driven by a human’s capacity to fail. Fail and be able to rise again. Different entities of gender concept that has no date, period, or age. A framework considered to have the aptitude to diminish substantial
The differences between women and men are not solely biological. Our society’s culture has established a set of unwritten cultural laws of how each gender should act, or in other words society has ascribed a stereotype. Men’s gender identity has been one of masculinity, and masculinity is defined as referring to a man or things described as manly. What does manly mean though? Is a male manly if he is “Mr. Fix-it”, or the jock, or if he sits on the couch on Sunday watching football? This latter statement is a stereotype of men, that has been around for decades, and is current as well, but starting with the 1960’s a man’s role started to change, despite the stereotype not changing to accommodate it. For the past 40 years one can see how men have taken on roles stereotypically ascribed to women, such roles including being the “stay-at-home mom”, which we can find an excellent example of in the 1980’s film “Mr.