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The influence of social media on our society today
The effect of social media on our society
How gender stereotypes shape the way women and men behave
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INTRODUCTION
We live in a world where society has defined masculine and famine characteristics and features that have influenced our culture. Men are seen as:
• Strong
• Powerful
• Aggressive
• Fearless
• Outspoken
• Tough
• Demanding
Whereas females are known to be:
• Soft
• Warming
• Caring
• Weak
• Fearful
• Quiet
• Powerless
Being tough and aggressive does not make you man enough because in today’s world, we have men who are exactly the opposite of society’s definition of masculine. I chose this topic because I feel I can have more information and resources to write this document set. As I was thinking about this work, I began asking myself questions- why does society expect men to act and behave autonomously and be in control and if they are not what society expects, they call them names such as gay, weak, timid or coward? Masculinity has affected every aspect of our lives including sports. There is a cliché that football is a game for “men” and therefore, if I am a football player, I have to be strong, aggressive and defensive. The media constantly shows videos and movies that depict strong and aggressive men as heroes and they forget that, encouraging male empowerment is another way of encouraging patriarchy. Some men also argues that, they are tough and aggressive by nature. They claim men produce testosterone which is a link to the violent lifestyle of men. I decided to look into these misconceptions and find out how true these could be so I read other literature that could be compared to my research.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
I started gathering information by watching movies that are much centered on masculinity and patriarchy and I also made a general search on masculinity. I watched documentaries and televisio...
... middle of paper ...
...elation to violence and aggressiveness.
Works Cited
“A History Of Violence." Dir. David Cronenberg. Perf. Viggo Mortensen. 2005. Movie.
Archer, J. "Male Violence." 1994. Web. 02 Apr. 2014.
Cristene, Chelsea. "The NFL and Domestic Violence." 14 Oct. 2013. Web. 06 May 2014.
Mims, Christopher. "Strange But True: Testosterone Alone Does Not Cause Violence." Scientific American (2007): 8. Journal.
OnMilw. OnMadison. 12 Nov. 2013. Web. 31 Feb. 2014.
Oppliger, Patrice. "Wrestling and Hyper-Masculinity." Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Incorporated Publishers, 2003. Book.
Renzetti, Claire M. and Raquel Kennedy Bergen. "Violence Against Women." Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 2005. Book.
"Summary of Michael Vick Dogfighting Case." 14 Aug. 2009. Web. 05 May 2014.
"Tough Guise: Violence, Media and the Crisis in Masculinityy." Perf. Jackson Katz and Jeremy Earp. 1999. Film.
In Kimmel’s essay “’Bros Before Hos’: The Guy Code” he argues that the influence of society on masculinity is equal to or greater than biological influences on masculinity. In the essay, Kimmel uses various surveys and interviews to validate his argument. He points to peers, coaches, and family members as the people most likely to influence the development of a man’s masculinity. When a man has his manliness questioned, he immediately makes the decision never to say or do whatever caused him to be called a wimp, or unmanly. Kimmel’s argument is somewhat effective because the readers get firsthand accounts from the interviewees but the author does not provide any statistics to support his argument.
Both Shotgun Lovesongs by Nickolas Butler and Population: 485 by Michael Perry explore ideas of masculinity and manhood, but I think Butler shares a more diverse representation of masculinity through his different characters. What it means to be a man The concept of masculinity is considered as the qualities and characteristics of a man, typical of what is appropriate to a man. In this article, A Community Psychology of Men and Masculinity: Historical and Conceptual Review, the authors Eric S. Mankowski and Kenneth I. Maton, analyze four main themes: "Men as gendered beings, the privilege and damage of being a masculine man, men as a privileged group, and men’s power and subjective powerlessness. " The second and fourth themes are described as paradoxes that have created difficulty in efforts to analyze and understand men’s gender and masculinity." However, the point of view of masculinity that Perry raises in population 485 has a different aspect.
Lee, Terry. "Virtual Violence in Fight Club: This is What Transformation of Masculine Ego Feels Like." Journal Of American & Comparative Cultures 25.3/4 (2002): 418-423. Humanities Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 19 Apr. 2014.
Over time, the image of men has changed. This is due mostly to the relaxation of rigid stereotypical roles of the two genders. In different pieces of literature, however, men have been presented as the traditional dominate figure, the provider and rule maker or non-traditional figure that is almost useless and unimportant unless needed for sexual intercourse. This dramatic difference can either perpetuate the already existing stereotype or challenge it. Regardless of the differences, both seem to put men into a negative connotation.
Men are allegedly competitive, aggressive, dominant, and strong and if these attributes are not acquired a man is not a man. When other men recognize a man failing in those four areas of “manliness” they compare him to a female with negative connotation as expressed in the following quote, “The worst insult one man can hurl at another-whether its boys on the playground or CEOs in the boardroom-is the accusation that a man is like a woman.” These actions create perceptions that women are unworthy and pitiful. Jensen mentions that because of masculinity men are thought to seek control over women resulting in an increase of physical violence towards women. However, masculinity has harsh effects on men as well. Men are constantly trying to prove their dominance to each other, while competing against one another for ultimate dominance. This creates a never ending cycle of competition and unease for
... E Glenn, and Nancy B Sherrod. The psychology of men and masculinity:Research status and future directions. New York: John Wiley and sons, 2001.
2.) National Research Council. Understanding Violence Against Women, Washington, DC: National Academy of Press. 1996.
Tough Guise: Violence, Media, and the Crisis in Masculinity. Dir. Sut Jhally. Media Education Foundation, 1999.
Tjaden, P., Thoennes, N. (2000b). Full report of the prevalence, incidence, and consequences of violence against women: Findings from the Violence Against Women Survey. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
break the stereotypes placed on them by showing characteristics of masculinity in the work place
Scott, Derek. “The Effect of Video Games on Feelings of Aggression.” The Journal of Psychology 129.2
Masculinity is a subject that has been debated in our society for quite some time. Many wonder what it means to be masculine, as it is difficult to define this one –sided term. Pairing this already controversial term with “feminist studies” can bring about some thought - provoking conversation. Feminist studies of men have been around for many years with regards to the feminist movement. It seeks to create gradual improvements to society through its main principle of modifying the ways in which everyone views what it means to be a man. Feminist studies of men bring forth the discussion of hegemonic masculinity; how this contributes to the gender hierarchy, the radicalized glass escalator and ultimately the faults of this theory.
MASCULINITY. In this article Watzlawik (2009) examines what elements go into gender constructs and what factors cause masculinity and femininity within ourselves. Thought the article three definitions are explored and examined for pros and cons. The first definition implies “A feminine woman is one who is, and strives to be, attractive to men, and a masculine man is one who is attractive
Contemporary theories in the fields of biology, sociology, and individually specific theories indicate that the association between sex and assault victimisation is highly complex. Several different theories seek to explain this phenomenon each with their own unique variations. Of these, a highly prominent and respected perspective on male violence is explored through the evolutionary theory. This is a biological theory explaining male aggression (and thus the inclination to violence) as a genetic predisposition created through the evolutionary processes of natural selection and struggle for survival. The theory states male aggression can be explained by the increased physicality and aggressiveness once needed by ancestors to gain resources,
The things that the poor in the program cannot achieve also forms our description of being poor. The definition of what it is to be male has also received a great deal of influence from movies and TV programs. Young boys develop the concept of a man form movies and so is the influence over other groups. In most cases, being male is associated with violence, masculinity, financial independence and aggression.