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Reflections on risk assessment project management
Software development methodology in software engineering
Reflections on risk assessment project management
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SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) is a process which consists of series of well-planned actions to develop or make changes in the software products. This chapter provides description on the SDLC basics, SDLC models and their application in the software industry. This gives directions for the quality stakeholders of any Software project and the product or project managers.
SDLC, Software Development Life Cycle is a process generally deployed by software industry to design, develop and test high quality software. It is also known as Software development process. The main aim of SDLC is the production of high quality software that meets or exceeds customer expectations, reaches completion within times and cost estimates.
SDLC is basically
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It consists of a comprehensive plan which describes how to maintain, develop, alter and replace or enhance a specific software. The life cycle provides a complete methodology for improvement in the quality of software and the entire development process.
Stage 1: Analysis of requirement and planning
Requirement analysis is a very important and one of the fundamental stages in SDLC. It is carried out by the senior members of a team with the given inputs from customers, the sales department, domain experts and market surveys in the industry. This information is utilized to plan an approach to initiate the basic project and to conduct a product feasibility study in the various areas such as economical, operational, and technical.
In the planning stage, planning for the requirements associated with quality assurance and identifying risks associated with the specific project is also performed. The result of the technical feasibility study is to interpret the various technical approaches which could be followed to implement the project successfully with minimal risks.
Stage 2: Interpret
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After the product is released in the market, its maintenance is done for the existing customer base.
What is Software Prototyping?
Software Prototyping means building software application models or prototypes which display the functionality of the product under development but may not contain the exact logic of the original software.
Software prototyping is becoming very popular as a software development model, as it enables to understand customer requirements at an early stage of development. It helps get valuable feedback from the customer and helps software designers and developers understand about what exactly is expected from the product under development.
Prototype is a working model of software with some limited functionality. The prototype does not always hold the exact logic used in the actual software application and is an extra effort to be considered under effort estimation. Prototyping is used to allow the users evaluate developer proposals and try them out before implementation.
It also helps understand the requirements which are user specific and may not have been considered by the developer during product
Software design and development is a field that requires various skills and abilities. Companies engaged in the development of software should provide an inclusive work environment where the different strengths of their employees are recognised, utilised and respected. Software development involves far more than programming skills. Personnel are required with strong communication, teamwork, attention to detail, creativity, design and problem-solving skills. Different personnel will possess these skills in varying proportions. It is the job of management to foster and encourage the development and enhancement of skills in the workplace.
The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) consists of phases used in developing a piece of software. It is the plan of how to develop and maintain software, and when necessary, replace that software. In 2007 during my hospital’s transition to a new software system, I was fortunate enough to be included in the process. I did not get involved until the implementation phase, but from then on, until now, I remain very active in the process. I decided to highlight the Waterfall Model of SDLC. The Waterfall Model is a “sequential development process” with each phase continuing in a line (McGonigle and Mastrian, 2012, p. 205).
A software development methodology defines the activities to be undertaken by each individual in the development process, specific techniques for accomplishing those activities, like using a flowchart to document the program logic of a particular software. It also offers guidelines to manage the quality of software at various stages of development.
Business requirements are gathered in this phase. This stage is the main centre of the project managers and stakeholders. Meetings with managers, stakeholders and users are held in order to define the requirements like: who is going to use the system? How will they use the system? What data should be input into the system? What data should be output by the system? These are common questions that get answered during a re...
The systems planning phase is the first phase completed in the SDLC. It encompasses evaluating the feasibility and the cost of the system, identifying the risks involved with implementing the system, and determining the responsibilities of each of the team members. To begin the planning phase, a systems request is submitted to the IT department, detailing the problems and changes to be made in a system. (Rosenblatt, 2014). It is important to note that the request may be a large, significant request, or it can be a smaller, more minor request; however, each request should be addressed using the systems development life cycle. After the request has been made, a feasibility study is conducted that determines the costs and benefits of the new or improved system. The study then recommends a strategy that is best for the system in terms of technical, monetary, and time factors.
Given the time, it takes to develop large sophisticated software systems it not possible to define the problem and build the solution in a single step. Requirements will often change throughout a projects development, due to architectural constraints, customer’s needs or a greater understanding of the original problem. Iteration allows greater understanding of a project through successive refinements and addresses a projects highest risk items at every stage of its lifecycle. Ideally each iteration ends up with an executable release – this helps reduce a projects risk profile, allows greater customer feedback and help developers stay focused.
The word prototype derives from the Greek prototypon, 'primitive form', neutral of prototypos, 'original, primitive', from protos, 'first' and typos, 'impression'. The first known use of the word prototype was in France in 1552 (Prototype, n. d.). A prototype is also known as a case, exemplification, illustration, instance, example, sample, specimen, or representative of a system or a part of a system. A prototype is a small-scale, incomplete, but working sample of a desire system using rapid application development (RAD) tools. In the context of systems analysis and design Whitten & Bentley (2007) describe prototype as "A small-scale, representative, or working model of the users requirements of a proposed design for an information system" (p. 98). Prototyping quickly builds of functioning but incomplete model of the future information system.
In addition to this, Waterfall’s other weakness is when project requirements are fast changing. With all requirements analysis done at the beginning before moving onto design, Waterfall offers no guidance on how to deal with changes (Royce, 2005). A focus on manufacturing a product instead of being a flexible process that adapts to change makes Waterfall ill suited to many modern software problems.Prototype model is a process model that recognises the need for requirements to reconsidered and reviewed. High level requirements of the software are identified and defined for a quick design to
In today’s dynamic business environment, where there is need to be on par with changing business requirements and the needs of users to survive in the market, it is advisable to adopt a flexible and effective software development approach. An Agile approach as opposed to other development methods, enables organizations to respond fast to changes, gaining competitive advantages on the market and ensures user satisfaction too. ‘A system development methodology refers to the framework that is used to structure, plan, and control the process of developing an information system. (CMS & HHS, 2008)’. Several software development methodologies have emerged over years each having its own benefits and weaknesses and each of which works well for certain kinds of software development projects, teams and contexts. But a development methodology is necessary to make a development process productive, manageable and measurable and it defines specific deliverable and artifacts
The conference organizers Alberto Corsín Jiménez and Adolfo Estalella state at the beginning of their invitation: “prototypes have acquired certain prominence and visibility in recent times”. (The long history of prototypes, Micheal Guggenheim,2006)
After proving the feasibility of a concept with a POC and developing first MVPs, prototypes stands in focus. Prototypes are interactive models of the end product, visualizing how the product is working in a beta version. Moreover, prototypes aim to discover errors in the early development process and to adapt functionalities to customer’s requirements by testing and iterating (Gassmann, Frankenberger & Csik, 2017, p.73).
The requirements phase gather the Information which assist in next phase of software engineering (software development). Requirement phase determines all the questions start from W such as after final development where the final product will be use, what type of users use it and what features or services it should provide. It is imperative to continue check and update the requirements up to when the appropriate requirements not finalize. Inadequate, incomplete or irrelative data or information of requirement may generates errors in next development phases of project. The main cause behind erroneous requirement definitions are distinct needs of several users groups and difference among their interest.
As more companies that are leading technology are transforming from the traditional waterfall development model to an Agile software methodology, requirements engineering provides a process for software engineers to understand the problems they need to solve (Martin, Newkirk, & Koss, 2014). It is of key importance to understand the customer 's wants and needs before beginning designing or building the computer-based solution, as developing a solution that ignores the customer’s needs provides value to none of the parties involved. Thus, the intent of requirements engineering is to produce a written understanding of the customer 's problem (Pressman, 2010). Work products that are available to communicate this understanding include user scenarios, function and feature lists, analysis models, and specifications. This paper provides an evaluation of requirement patterns, an assessment of problem solving techniques most effective, a descriptive explanation of the patterns that includes a visual taxonomy, and an explanation of how the patterns identified are related.
Hence, at this stage it is to explore and experiments with models, dummies and storyboards so that we can portray a glimpse of how the design will look like in reality, not to mention this method also can be used to convey ideas so that they can be understood in this context.
...n a very good idea on our part, but in the end we built a robot that accomplished the task. The pitching of ideas was incorporated as we pitched the ideas to our team members and when the instructor was directly involved to her. The instructor also helped by playing the role of boss and owner of the team; She controlled the actual production and processes used by the team during the entire process. The team is built of gifted and highly talented individuals and all of them use extremely different lines of thought and logic connections, so that explaining ideas becomes difficult at the least. Prototyping is almost the same as production with the small difference being that the prototypes are of higher quality than the actual production because often they are built to prove a point and if then proven used as the final product. Thus the BEST program is successful.