INTRODUCTION
Literature is the reflection of mind; the mirror of life study of both war and peace external and internal. It reflects the nature of both nature and man. The broad definition incorporation everything that has been written down in some form or another i.e. all the written manifestations of a culture. The broad explanation is difficult as it does not really enable communication about the topic. Furthermore, this concept neglects the fact that in many cultures in the past and for a number of original people today, literature has not been arrested in written media but has been passed down in a long oral tradition of myth, storytelling, ritual speeches, etc.,
Attempts to come up with narrow definition have however led to such a variety
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Wide extending themes are dealt with in Indian writing in English. In Indian literature, there is reflection of Indian culture and their tradition. The Indian contact of contemporary Literature had an important relation with the social and political history of the mid- nineteenth century. The first half of the nineteenth century saw gradual improvement of English education in India.
The works of modern Indian writers reflected the Indianised English, Salman Rushidie, Shashi Tharoor and Amitav Ghosh. After Independence, India was faced with a number of crises including social, political and economic. Contemporary Indian English writers were conscious about their own culture and traditions. While some of the authors pen in English, most of them continue to write regional languages. Most of the modern writers have been successful enough to maintain the unique flavor of their region in their works. The literary genre of the contemporary Indian literature is
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Indian writers in English have made the significant influence to the novel. The rich and the wonderful legacy of India was the strength of the Indian English novel is predominantly.
The first novel written in Bengali was Alaler Gharer Dalal’s Spolit Sort of a Rich Family, which was published in 1858. It also gives nice picture of its changing situation in the post colonial era.
The real beginning was with the work of the great Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. After the publication of Bankim Chandra Chatterjee’s Rajmohan’s Wife (1864), Indian novel has aged considerably. It was followed next year by; Durgeshnndhini in Bengali, which appeared in English Translation in 1890, Kapalkundala, Vishriksh ( the poison tree: Atale of Hindu like in Bengal) Kirshnakantar Uyil (Krishnakntr’s will Anandhanth Devi, Chauldhurni) and the other novels appeared between 1866 and 1886 also in the same period. Raj Lakshmi Devi’s The Hindu Wife was published in 1876. Toru Dutt’s Bianca in 1881, H.Dutt’s Bijoy Chand in 1888, and Khelrapal Chakravani’s Srata and Hingana (1895), these novels are written in
What is literature? It is writing that conveys meaning and ideas after analyzation. Great forms of literature can entertain for generations and still be relatable. Allowing people to express himself and spread their morals through the written word. One special quality that good literature has is that the deeper you go into a book the more meaning you pull out. Throughout the course of the freshman year we read three novels, The Absolute True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, To Kill a Mockingbird, and Monkey Bridge. This three form of literature after reading, and analyzing them, helped us better understand yourself, and the world.
Literature—the dictionary defines it being the art of written works that is designed to entertain, educate and instruct; writers use literature in an attempt to transfer their ideas from paper to the reader; for some, this task means bringing their story to a different place and time that is entirely separate from what the reader could perceive as ordinary, on order to serve the writer’s intent. With this the impossible, becomes the probable, and the worst fear possibly imagined becomes the breathed reality; with no stated separation between the living, and the dying. The word literature in itself cannot be accurately defined, and by attempting to do so limits, the word is instantaneously limited in its usage and effect. Literature just is, just as much as it is not.
Literature throughout history has evolved due to events occurring during those times. It has changed in a deductive fashion going from creator to creation. In the early times Native Americans wrote myths of how the world had been created, next Puritans wrote of the drama in their communities and how they affected with each other, finally, transcendentalism focused on a singular person's ideas and point of view. It is important to be able to understand all levels of life from broad ideas to a singular person. Understanding not only how the world works but also how to get along with others and who you are as a person is crucial in this society. Literature from many time periods all attribute to these subjects. Literature
Literature functions as a reflection of society and a creator of cultural ideas. Throughout the existence of the human race, literature has played a vital role in the distribution of ideas and as a way of communication. Literature can be used in many ways, whether it be to explain, persuade, or inform.
English is in India today, a symbol of people’s aspirations for quality in education and a fuller participation in national and international life. Its colonial origins now forgotten or irrelevant, its initial role in independent India, tailored to higher education (as a “library language”, a “window on the world”), now felt to be insufficiently inclusive socially and linguistically the current status of English stems from its overwhelming presence on the world stage and the reflection of this in the national arena. (NCERT
Literature is a very powerful tool that is used to make a huge impact on society or in someone’s perspective. Literature comes in different forms and each literature form fits in a certain category or role to help understand the true meaning of it. From playwrights to short stories, each one has moral lesson, a message or a reflection of the author. I have witnessed the power of literature several times. Literature has moved teens to better being; it has motivated unfortunate people to fame, used as an educational process of teaching and most of all, entertainment. Back in the day, plays were on of the most famous forms of entertainment. Without television and radio present, plays served as a substitute to entertain certain groups of people like the royal family or just for the whole public. This was one way of making money by the actors and the authors that wrote the play. Also present during those times were the poem recitals. This is similar to a play but fewer people are present in the stage or sometimes solo performance. Today, Literature is still being used as a form of entertainment and educational intentions. Hollywood made a lot of money by revising the great masterpieces of famous authors such as “Rome and Juliet” by William Shakespeare. Also, they made movies out of hundreds of literary works for educational purposes and better understanding of the literature piece. Each form of literature has its own style. The style determines how it influences the audience to absorb the true meaning and moral of the story or poem. William Shakespeare and Benjamin Franklin were truly persuasive while Washington Irving and Edgar Allan Poe mixed mystery and adventure to their works. The style touches the readers which really makes a good relationship from the reader to the author’s literary masterpieces.
Tharu J. Susie, Lalita Ke. Women Writing in India Volume –II: The Twentieth Century. The Feminist Press at the City University of New York, 1993.
Literature allows reflection. It helps us to shape our own thoughts. It builds on rich histories of thought and expression. Literature represents and explores the ways in which the world is viewed and experienced by people in that society.
Literature has many meanings but to me when I hear the word literature I think of large tomes of words and stories that have become classics over time however this is only one definition of literature. Literature comes from that Latin word littera, that directly translated means letter, thus supporting the idea that literature is written. This view however leaves out the idea that there can be oral literature as well from which many of our stories and books come from.
Literature and linguistic aesthetics are two phase of a single paper, without one other has no value. English luminaries do not only created great works but also enriched its vocabulary. English is a living and growing language. The vocabulary of English is so rich because of its digestive, assimilative, inventive and derivative features. It has assimilated words and phraseology from Greek, Latin, French, Scandinavian, Hindi, Urdu and American dialects. It did not only assimilate but made everything of its own. Time to time essayists, poets, novelists, philosophers, scientists and thinkers added its treasure with words and phrases. It has discarded, replaced, and modified a large number of words. It is remarkable to note how a dialect became an international language. It has become the language of international communication and business.
10. Naik, M.K & Mokashi-Panekar, S: “Perspectives on Indian Drama in English”, Chennai, OUP, 1977.
Mishra, Vijay. "The Texts of Mother India." After Europe.Ed. Stephen Slemon and Helen Tiffin. Sydney: Dangaroo Press, 1989. 119-37.
Once English language was considered to be the language of imperialism, but now it can no longer be the language of elect society. Now it is the most viable and accessible language of every man in this planet. English occupies an important position in India as a second Language by winning a position of associate status and as an official Language for International, national, administrative, political, social, legal, academic commercial and scientific communication. English came to be the language of the legal system, higher education. It is also mainly used for diplomatic communication and for tourism around the world. Every Language is bound to its culture where as the English language is made to bind to any cultural society, it percolates,
Crane, Ralph J. Inventing India: A History of India in English Language Fiction. London: Macmillan, 1992.
Novels show the lives women live while living in India, and also how social class change does to a person.