In England during the fifteenth century, gentry women that were mothers had generally two statuses : wife or widow. The status of a wife forced a woman to be submitted to her husband’s authority, while widowhood granted more independance at managing her own affairs. The Paston letters are interesting examples on how gentry women negotiated power with the men within the family, and how they played a vital role in the improvement of the household’s position. The main argument of the essay is that there are shifting power dynamics between the women and men of the household throughout their lives, with women like Agnes and Margaret being able to attain a high status within the family and reveal their strong characters, through the analysis of the …show more content…
The corpus starts with William Paston I, a man involved with commissions and disputes between various members of the nobility. He married Agnes Berry, daughter of Sir Edmund Berry, which improved the family’s position in the high-society. His wife had a strong character and high ambition for the family. Agnes treated her children severely and didn’t hesitate to bully them to meet these ambitions (Davis, liii). Her character prompted numerous disputes within the family and villages she lived in. However, she managed to defend some of her property rights until her death in 1479. She left behind two children: John Paston I and William Paston II. John II took over the role of the family patriarch at the death of William I and worked in legal affairs. He married Margaret Mautby, a gentle-woman, in 1440 and had 9 children with her. Margaret had an important role in the Paston family, especially when they were hit by the War of the Roses. The war had put tremendous pression on the John I’s properties and family members that she had to manage during John I’s frequent absences and helped to mediate internal conflicts Like Agnes, she had a strong character and ambition for the family, not hesitating to scold her children when they did something going against the family’s reputation or position (Davis, lvi). Margaret’s letter production was considerable within the family, granting us extensive information about the functioning of the Paston
The English attitudes towards gender are reflected in the literacy works of Margery Kempe and Elizabeth I’s letter to Sir Walter Raleigh. Within these two works, the women, especially, challenge the attitudes towards gender roles. First of all, women were expected to be domesticated, meaning all their duties lied within the home and the marriage. The women were responsible for taking care of the children/family and being obedient to their husband.
Davis gives various examples of the social norms that peasants lived under during the sixteenth century. When Sanxi, Guerre’s father, and his family decided to leave their village, Davis states that the majority of men who leave their village do so because they “were usually not heir to their family’s property, as was Sanxi Daguerre, but younger brothers who could not or would not remain in the ancestral household” (Davis 6). This highlights the idea that being the heir to the family’s inheritance is a great indicator of how one’s life as a peasant would carry on. It is very likely that if one is the heir, then the individual shall stay at their property and assume the role as head of the household once the “s...
...ths of the sixteenth century. Yes, women of that time and place left a very light mark on history. Eventually, the story the book tells spirals down into just some nasty courtroom feuds among family members. The story provides a driving narrative that brings into intimate contact disparate kinds that are still prevalent today. And the conclusion drawn from Anna's actions and reactions may surprise. In both everyday life and in times of crisis, women in the twenty first century has access to effective personal and legal resources.
This source provided the unique perspective of what was thought to be the perfect household, with a man who worked and a wife who cooked and cleaned. However, it also showed how a woman could also do what a man can do, and in some cases they could do it even better. This work is appropriate to use in this essay because it shows how men talked down to their wives as if they were children. This work shows the gradual progression of woman equality and how a woman is able to make her own decisions without her husband’s input.
In the summer of 1788, France was on the brink of revolution. Thousands were starving and peasant revolts were popping up all over the country. At this time, French government and society was in a period called the “Old Regime,” where mobility between classes was nearly unheard of. A person born into aristocracy was lucky, while one born into poverty would most likely struggle for their entire life. Women’s roles were “strictly defined,” no matter what class they were a part of (Streissguth 6). Before the revolution, most women did not question where their place was: in the home. It was very rare for a woman to work outside the domestic sphere, because they did not have as much freedom as men, even men in the lower class. In May of 1789, France had fallen into deep economic turmoil and public unrest was high, forcing the king to call the Estates General. The Estates General, according to Thomas Streis...
During this time period women were not respected at all and were belittled by all med in their lives. Even though men don’t appreciate what women they still did as they were told. In particular, “Women have an astoundingly long list of responsibilities and duties – th...
The one major weakness of the book was that it was a to informative for the average reader. By describing the many ruling families of England, France, and Scotland, this book proved to be quite confusing in recognizing which family belonged to which country. Also, the author seemed to jump from one time period to the next without any flowing text.
Peterson, M. Jeanne. "The Victorian Governess: Status Incongruence in Family and Society." Suffer and Be Still: Women in the Victorian Age. Ed. Martha Vicinus. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1973.
Two hundred years ago, during the reign of Queen Victoria in England, the social barriers of the Victorian class system firmly defined the roles of women. The families of Victorian England were divided into four distinct classes: the Nobility or Gentry Class, the Middle Class, the Upper Working Class, and lastly, the Lower Working class . The women of these classes each had their own traditional responsibilities. The specifics of each woman’s role were varied by the status of her family. Women were expected to adhere to the appropriate conventions according to their place in the social order . For women in Victorian England their lives were regulated by these rules and regulations, which stressed obedience, loyalty, and respect.
Helen fell in love with Huntingdon based on his wit and handsome looks, but realising his negative features like his heightened levels of self-indulgence and selfishness resolves to change his ways through gentle persuasion and example. As the story unfolded her marriage goes down hill after the birth of their son, Arthur, who Huntingdon sees as a rival for his wife’s attention. The situation is further aggitated by visits of Huntingdon’s drunken friends. The voice of women who suffered was never heard or undermined by the men who controlled them and it seemed as though marriage was a trap for mice in pursuit of love. Intrahousehold inequality has been an underlying issue for a number of years, although times have changed and laws have come into fruition, the unspoken code of gender complementarianism still thrives and exists. You can find it when you look at the dynamics of a household. Look at who spends more time on household chores and who has more time for leisure? Consider whether or not households spend the same amount of income on girls’ and boys’ education, health and nutrition? Furthermore, speaking into the finances of the home, do married women have a say in how their own cash earnings are spent and do they participate in decision-making on major household purchases? These are the dimensions that expose the factual level of equality in a
Bott, Robin. "The Wife of Bath and the Revelour: Power Struggles and Failure in a Marriage of Peers." Medieval Perspectives 6 (1991): 154-161.
Hunt, Margaret R. The Middling Sort: Commerce, Gender, and Family in England, 1680-1780. London: University of California Press, 1996
Sara Mendelson and Patricia Crawford, Women in Early Modern England 1550-1720 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 37-9 Retrieved from http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy.lib.utah.edu/journals/parergon/v019/19.1.crawford.pdf
The first source, Christine de Pizan’s book ‘The Treasure of The City of Ladies’ contains a handful of sections on how differing demographics of women, elderly, young, property owning, should behave in order to cultivate a virtuous character and play the role of mediator between conflicting parties. It should be mentioned that this is definitely a prescriptive source, not an accurate portrayal of what was actually happening at the time, simply an ideal of what the author wanted to be happening and potentially observed. The document addresses women of middle and lower class in how they should be forging relations with both other women and men as a demographic. It has been contended that medieval shared “striking” similarities in experiences with class despite other cultural differences. Christine herself was a famous intellectual in the 13th c...
Wycherley’s The Country Wife gives the audience a very clear-cut representation of gender roles in the late seventeenth century. It reminds the audience of the constructed nature of gender roles and it shows them a way a way to succeed in a society dominated by such roles. It is as simple as understanding the social constructions and creating new constructions within these roles. For instance, The Country Wife equates femaleness with power rather than pious passivity, especially in the characters of the married women who all vie for Horner’s attentions.