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Recommended: Role of perception
The paradox of reality is constantly being altered by the minds of the public. Reality as a definition is "the world or the state of things as they actually exist, as opposed to an idealistic or notional idea of them." However, what is reality? Everyone has his or her own opinion and view of what is in front of them. The stories reviewed in this section are prime examples on how ones view can dramatically change the conditions they are surrounded with. Whether it is being trapped in their own state of mind or a personal reflection on another's life changing event. The reality of these situations is perceived differently and in some cases hard to piece together as to what is real and what is not.
Beginning with Notes from the Underground this forlorn, ailing man is so caught up in his own head he completely forgets about everything significant in life. He broods and dwells on how unfair the world is, yet never takes responsibility for his own actions. The underground man is so trapped in his mind it is as if he is living in his own reality. Assuming farfetched opinions about what other people are thinking and doing. Time after time people are callous to this man, but he fails to realize this is due to his own cruel actions. At one point, he gives up on love. Towards the end the man ends up alone in his corner; making notes about life. "To care only for well-being seems to me positively ill-bred. Whether it's good or bad, it is sometimes very pleasant, too, to smash things." Whenever this man finds tiniest bit of happiness, he takes two steps back and destroys it. He never seems to realize the damage he is doing, but because it happens to him so frequently it seems like he does not want to be happy. “I could not become anything...
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... he died alone.
When dealing with the absurd in my life I do not push to an extreme as these stories do. Overall, these stories share a common theme of loneliness and tragedy. Each story had a sad ending that either dealt with despair in the mind or death. When comparing my life to these stories I think that there is always a truth do the paradox of perceived reality because reality can be whatever one wants to see it as. The Underground man sees himself as an outcast, therefore he is one, the director sees the step-sons death as a play instead of truth, and Gregors family sees him as a bug, so he loses his ambition to function in the house as a person. If the characters in these stories had a different look on what reality is, than the endings would have been altered dramatically. In short, reality is what you make it. Anything can be real if one wants it to be.
In chapter ten of the book “Problems from Philosophy”, by James Rachels, the author, the author discusses the possibilities of human beings living in an actually reality, or if we are just living in an illusion. Rachels guides us through concepts that try to determine wiether we are living in a world were our perception of reality is being challenged, or questioned. Rachels guides us through the topic of “Our Knowledge of the World around Us”, through the Vats and Demons, idealism, Descartes Theological Response, and direct vs. indirect realism.
What is reality? This is the question Philip K. Dick poses in his book, Time Out of Joint. Dick strategically uses literary devices such as narrative structure and symbolism in order to comment on one’s perception of what is real, and what is fiction. By making “time out of joint” and allowing a shift in moral power within his novel, Dick exposes the feelings of paranoia and insecurity that were experienced during the fifties, when Dick wrote this novel, but implies that there is hope that peace can still be attained.
“There are two ways to be fooled. One is to believe what isn't true; the other is to refuse to believe what is true” (Kierkegaard)- Misleading oneself by accepting things as true or valid when they are not is a common phenomenon of nearly every human being, especially when faced with life changing of threatening situations. Self-deception can therefore be considered an option to escape reality in order to prevent oneself from dealing with the weight of a situation. Basically, those strong influencing psychological forces keep us from acknowledging a threatening situation or truth. However, oftentimes people do not realize that they are deceiving themselves, for it is mostly the action of the subconscious mind to protect especially the psychological well- being. This psychological state is depicted and in Ambrose Bierce’s short story “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge”. He shows that people try to escape reality and seek refuge in self-deception when confronted with life-threatening situations, through characterization, alternate point of view, and the fluidity of time.
As I sifted through the slightly convoluted information, I began to wonder, “Is reality a relative concept?” After reviewing my personal experience, Christopher Durang’s play Beyond Therapy, and Edward Albee’s Who’s afraid of Virginia Woolf?, I reached the conclusion that, as inherently paradoxical as it seems, reality exists as a relative concept. Ostensibly, in the complexities of a divorce, the true reasons necessitating a permanent... ... middle of paper ...
Over the past weeks we have learned a lot of new things. I learned about different races, ethnicities, and cultures. The world would not be the same if everyone was the same race and it is a great thing to learn about everyone and where they are from, and where they have come from. Everyone is different in their own way and it is our duty to accept everyone as a whole. I am going to talk about the social construct of race today, some of our readings, and a lot of our discussions that are always fun.
To put it briefly, the Underground Man is the sole reason that he himself cannot be free despite is overwhelming desire. His obsessive behavior will not permit him to lead a normal life and he will forever be a prisoner of his own mind. The only reason that any other people have a hand in this imprisonment is because the Underground Man allows them to. Even when writing his “Notes” the Underground Man cannot help but to become consumed with scribbling down every little bit that he can, to the point that his “notes” must be cut short by an outside source.
Dostoyevsky’s Notes from Underground is a story about the thoughts, views, and actions of a strange unnamed man who we’ll refer to as The Underground Man. The Underground Man is strange because he lacked self-respect, he had sadistic and masochistic tendencies, and he enjoyed inflicting emotional pain on himself and others.
“Reality is that which, when you stop believing in it, doesn't go away.” -Philip K. Dick
“The Illusionist” is a short story by Steven Millhauser, which was adapted into a movie directed by Neil Burger in 2008 which both take place in Vienna. The short story’s plot revolves around Eisenheim and his relationship between himself and the state, which is still featured in the movie. Eisenheim’s illusions also cause him a bit of trouble; in the short story the cause of trouble is an illusion, which produces two spirits by the name of Rosa, Elis, and a boy who appears to be no older than eight. In the movie adaptation, the final straw that causes the Crown Prince to finally pursue persecution of Eisenheim is the illusion that again, produces a spirit, which turns out to be his dead fiancée. Because of Inspector Uhl’s growing obsession of Eisenheim, throughout the movie and the short story, it further ignites the blur between what is the reality and what is his illusion. Uhl’s obsession over Eisenheim and his illusions helps blur the reality around him.
Questioning Reality in Richard Bach’s Illusions. The message of Richard Bach’s Illusions is based on the concept that the things we interpret in the world as reality are actually illusions. This is made evident to one of the main characters, Richard, through his interactions with his newly found friend, Donald Shimoda. Donald Shimoda is a “messiah”, and he has gifts that he uses to help mankind.
...h reality versus the appearance of reality and various types of madness that occur when the line between the two is crossed. The various adaptations of these plays play on these themes in new and creative ways. The many adaptations show the immortality of these stories. Dreams, reality, and art will never cease to be applicable questions to different societies and different eras. With adaptations, these stories will never cease to be created anew, they will always be fresh, and they will never die.
Notes from the Underground, by Fyodor Dostoyevsky is a truly remarkable novel. Dostoyevsky's novels probe the cause of human action. They questioned conventional wisdom of what drove humans and offered insight into the inner workings and torments of the human soul.
Cognitive, Cognitive Behavioral and Reality Theories. Cognitive Theory Cognitive theory is a learning approach in psychology that attempts to explain the behavior of humans by studying thoughts and reasoning processes. Cognitive theory is founded on many other factors like cognitive reasoning and social cognitive theory. Aaron Beck founded the theory and it is meant to understand the human behavior by observing the processes triggered by reasoning and individual thoughts.
Abercrombie states that the human brain plays an active role in shaping the information presented to us, based on one’s past experiences. Kahneman claims that the human mind uses two systems of thinking, System 1 and System 2, where System 2 is more active and effortful than System 1. I attempt to illustrate how Abercrombie and Kahneman's ideal concepts of the perception of reality are applicable to real situations, by referring to the following three readings: Jung’s “The Personal and the Collective Unconscious,” Plato’s “Allegory of the Cave,” and Andersen’s “The Emperor’s New Clothes.” The three readings relate to Abercrombie and Kahneman, considering the overlapping concepts of reality, that words and metaphors structure our understanding of what is real, reality can be altered from different perspectives, and that ignorance can actually be bliss.
When the term reality is mentioned, many questions arise regarding what reality is and what is real originate also. Unfortunately, many of these questions are yet to be answered since determining reality and what is real are left to each individual’s imagination - for one to determine reality as he or she sees fit. A dictionary may provide a definition for the word reality, but things that constitute reality may never be entirely defined because it is one of those things that is almost completely based on an individual’s perception and interpretation. A dictionary may also provide a definition for the word perception and the word interpretation, but many individuals perceive and interpret many things very differently. With the vast variation of people, thoughts, and beliefs in our world, how should society determine the boundaries of reality? On the other hand, is it even possible to set specific limits when considering reality?