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Journalistic ethics
Media influence on indigenous
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What constructs one’s interpretation of the truth more strongly: culture or personal experiences? For Michael Behar, author of “The Selling of the Last Savage,” the truth lies somewhere in the middle.
A freelance writer born and raised in the Unites States, Behar is aghast after discovering Kelly Woolford, a ruffian promising outfitted, “first-contact” trips in Papua New Guinea. Woolford’s first-contact trips promise to expose tourists to native tribes who have never before seen outsiders, hence a first contact with the outside world. Before embarking on his first-contact trip, Behar fears that the trip, if real, is morally wrong and built upon barbaric and imperialistic motivations. Behar condemns Woolford, feeling that a man who sells danger
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Though he tries to remain analytical, questioning if indeed “... [in] The 21st century, there were still nomadic hunter-gatherers out there using stone tools and rubbing sticks together to start a fire,” Behar soon begins to exhibit visceral reactions to the environment (Behar, 1). Though he claims to be in Papua for journalistic purposes, Behar cannot maintain an impartial disposition. After contact with tribesmen one of Woolford’s native outfitters believed to be native peoples, Behar undergoes a transformation. That evening, he begins to fear his surroundings, telling readers “The jungle is claustrophobic and, at times, maddening—the incessant rain, heat, and mud, the screeching of cicadas, the eerie sensation we're being watched” (Behar, 9). Abandoning his logical, systematic disguise, Behar becomes paranoid, becoming one with the primeval essence of the jungle.
Some may argue Behar is truly in danger and his survival instincts are awakening... But what separates Behar's instincts from the instincts of the bonafide imperialists he condemned earlier in his article? Behar subtly pokes fun at the actions of “European explorers [who] headed for new lands,” saying they “often traveled with a throng of soldiers in tow, just in case” (Behar, 4). Yet, similarly to European explorers, curiosity and riches
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Behar closes his essay by asking himself “First-contact or Hoax? I may never know” (Behar, 14). Airing his reservations with the same anthropologists he consulted before the expedition, Behar is presented with many opinions congruent to his own. Unanimously, the experts report that Woolford is a fraud peddling hoaxes from a remote location void of repercussions. Considering Behar’s excessively strong rebuttal of imperialism, readers should not be surprised he dismisses his experience as fake. Born and raised in modern America, Behar has been pruned from childhood to recoil at the notion of imperialism -- can we expect him to admit he exhibits the same imperialistic qualities his ancestors possessed? Of course not; the greatest lies are the ones we tell ourselves. Behar simply cannot cope with the realities of human nature. -- Behar, like his ancestors exhibit animalistic impulses to be alpha, to steal, covet, to pillage and to claim territory. Unfortunately for Behar, no hoax theories or disgruntled professionals can destroy the carnal nature of humans. The anthropologists reacted to Behar’s footage from Papua with skepticism for the same reasons Behar did -- they have lived in a society which suppresses human barbarism by denouncing its existence. To end his essay,
In the rough and tropical island of Papua New Guinea, lived an exceptional aggregation of individuals called, The Gebusi. In the 1980's, The Gebusi tribe was anything besides up to date and acculturated. The Gebusi had their own particular singular and special customs and conventions that they rehearsed and accompanied. The Gebusi tribe took part in custom homosexuality, divination or witchcraft was exceedingly respected and polished, and they partook in particular sister-trade relational unions. By 1998-99, The Gebusi tribe had made another lifestyle. The Gebusi had gotten accustomed with new social convictions, modernization due to “western ways” that had changed their lives until the end of time especially changing their ways and view on gender roles and sexuality.
The difficult living situations for many people in the early 20th century were discussed in the novel The Jungle, written by Upton Sinclair. The book describes an immigrant family’s struggle to survive after moving to America. The family experiences unsafe working conditions, dangerous child labor and poverty. Sinclair uses these images to shed light on some of America’s troubles, to disparage capitalism and to promote socialism.
Wade Davis’ article, Among the Waorani, provides much of the content brought to light in Nomads of the Rainforest. His article delves deeper into their culture and motivations allowing one to more fully understand their beliefs, relationships, and savagery. Both the documentary and article attempt to create a picture of their close-knit relationships and their desire f...
"Children of the Forest" is a narrative written by Kevin Duffy. This book is a written testament of an anthropologist's everyday dealings with an African tribe by the name of the Mbuti Pygmies. My purpose in this paper is to inform the reader of Kevin Duffy's findings while in the Ituri rainforest. Kevin Duffy is one of the first and only scientists to have ever been in close contact with the Mbuti. If an Mbuti tribesman does not want to be found, they simply won't be. The forest in which the Mbuti reside in are simply too dense and dangerous for humans not familiar with the area to enter.
Krakauer, Jon. Into the wild. New York: Anchor Books , a division of Random House Inc.,, 1997. Print.
“The Sambia: Ritual, Sexuality, and Change in Papua New Guinea” is a book written by Gilbert Herdt. It is based on a case study Herdt did during the 1970’s of the culture of the Sambia people. His study took place in Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. He didn’t know much about their language, however through out his time there he was able to learn their language and customs. As he settled into their village, he mostly slept in the clubhouse with the other Nilangu villagers; however, eventually they built a house for him to stay at. Herdt had a great interest in gaining new knowledge about the Sambia culture.
In Cry, the beloved country, Alan Paton tells the story of his journey across Africa, his experiences with the colonized Africa, and the destruction of the beautiful, pre-colonialism native land of Africa. Heart of Darkness also tells the story of a man and his experiences with colonialism, but a man who comes from a different time period and a very different background than Alan Paton’s Stephen Kumalo. Although, both Joseph Conrad and Alan Paton portray the colonized areas as very negative, death filled, and sinful places, it is when one analyzes the descriptions of the native lands of Africa that the authors reasons for their disapproval of colonialism are truly revealed. When comparing the writing styles of Alan Paton and Joseph Conrad, their descriptions of the land and the people in both works reveal their different attitudes and views towards colonialism. While Paton and Conrad ultimately oppose colonialism, Paton is concerned with the disappearance of African tribal tradition, whereas Conrad is concerned with the perceived corruption of the white colonists.
Beginning with ethnohistory, which includes anthropology, the beginnings of the different studies of mankind are introduced, when the book then jumps to a postcolonial perspective the views of the future are pointed to the mistakes of the past. Each theory has a purpose to explaining the views and studies of different historians around the world. This essay will compare my views on ethnohistory combined with anthropology versus the views of postcolonial history.
The colony is not only a possibility in the geographical; it is a mental dominance that can imperialize the entire self. Entire continents have be domineered, resources completely dried, and at colonialism’s usual worst, the mental devastation of the indigenous culture has left a people hollow. Indigenous culture is no longer that. In the globalized world, no culture is autonomous; culture cannot breathe without new ideas and new perspectives, perspectives that have traditionally come from the people who have lived within the culture. But, the imposition of dominant cultures has certainly benefited from culture’s own vulnerability, as global similarities now exist throughout most different, yet not separate cultures. Postcolonialism is imperialism with a mask on, nothing less. As Franz Fanon puts it “that imperialism which today is fighting against a s true liberation of mankind leaves in its wake here and there tinctures of decay which we must search out and mercilessly expel from our land and our spirits.”
From the very beginning, Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle enthralls the reader with an anticipation that makes one want to continue reading. Upon further research of the author, it is clear he is a passionate writer at heart; though not always successful. The novel is best known for exposing the highly unsanitary conditions of the meat packing industry, run by corrupt political machines, as well as the severity and harshness faced by immigrants during this time. However, Sinclair’s true goal was to promote his new-found socialist principles amidst the growing businesses and harsh labor conditions existing to the lower class.
Zystrla, M. "Colonization of History." Welcome to Study Anthropology; A Resource for Applied and Cultural Anthropology. Web. 20 Nov. 2011. .
Eden Robinson is a Haisla writer who was born at Haisla Nation Kitimaat Reserve on 19th January 1968 (“Eden Robinson” 2007). She has a Haisla father and a Heiltsuk mother and spent both her childhood and her adolescence in the Reserve (“Eden Robinson” 2007). Robinson obtained a bachelor’s degree in Fine Arts at the University of Victoria and also earned a master’s degree in Creative Writing at the University of British Columbia (“Eden Robinson” 2007). Monkey Beach is her first novel and was published in 2000 (“Eden Robinson” 2007).
the story in the Phillip Whitten and David E. K. Hunter anthropology book of No
Rudyard Kipling’s original story of The Jungle Book presented a very distinct group of characters in contrast to virtually all other jungle people in the book. The Bandar-Log were seen as lawless, careless, and mostly mindless individuals who were social outcasts and pariahs. Disney’s film adaptation of Kipling’s tale held this concept, while also giving the monkey people strong characteristic typically connected to African-Americans. This creates a racist undertone in the movie that is absent from the original story’s source.
what an alteration there would be if they were brought under Anglo-Saxon influence.” It quickly becomes apparent that those who were integral to the modern colonization of South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Africa were not doing so out of the goodness of their hearts. Without delving too deeply into the actual statistics of the good done for these “barbaric” cultures, it may seem as if colonization was a positive occurrence. In all actuality, however, the ulterior motives and imperialistic attitudes of the key players in colonization brought much more harm than gain. The benefits of colonialism were almost entirely one-sided at the unfortunate loss of the other side’s culture, inhabitants, resources and overall way of life.