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Three perspectives on motivation
Three perspectives on motivation
Three perspectives on motivation
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Duran-Espinoza 1
People see motivation as a way to reach a goal or accomplish something that is important in part of their life. Motivation can 't be instantly observed. Instead, motivation can only be understood by indicating a person 's behavior. Researchers came up with theories to try to explain about the human motivation. Two of these theories are the Arousal Theory of Motivation and the Instinct Theory of Motivation.
The arousal theory is how we are motivated to maintain an value. People who have a high ideal levels of arousal are dragged into high thrilled behaviors. For example,it can be extreme activity like skydiving or bungee jumping. While the other half that don’t have high levels of arousal but have less exciting and treacherous
From the motivation to survive; all other motivations become visible. However, we act or behave with this kind of motivation, all our actions are viewed as instincts. Which means that all humans have the same motivations due to our parallel biological process. According to the instinct theory, people are motivated to behave in a certain way because they 're evolutionary is programmed to do so.
For example, in the animal world there’s the seasonal migration. And these animals don 't learn to do this, instead it’s an inborn pattern of behavior.
The differences between the Arousal theory of motivation and the Instinct theory of motivation is, the arousal theory is when its use for the thrill and the need for adrenaline to stay motivated and the Instinct theory is the genetic motivation, you were born to be motivated; born with motivation, (not actually born out of the womb with motivation).
In my point of view of arousal is where you get excited for rides, challenges and nervous for things like taking tests but still have to face the challenge or adrenaline you are given in your system. For instinct, well I already motive myself everyday because of my genetics I was given from my father; he motivated himself to let go of drugs, go towards religion
With the Arousal Theory, this states that because peoples brain's work differently than others, things that stimulate, or interest one person may not be the same as someone else. People with lower arousals have a greater tendency to be criminally prone.
The Arousal Theory says that because some peoples brain's work differently than others, things that stimulate, or interest one person may not do so to someone else. People with lower arousals have a greater propensity to be criminally prone (Class Notes).
It also includes the factors of social environment. It recognizes more factors of influence, building on trait theory. Arousal theory provides that individuals have different levels of arousal affected by the nervous system, chemistry in the brain, and heart rhythm. The basic idea of this theory is that certain actions, including the act of committing a crime, causes a “thrill” to some. They seek out the thrill and stimulation provided by these actions. Thus, a feeling that is positive, created by an action, will cause someone to seek out that feeling. Genetic theory is another trait theory. Genetics being the sole influence that might make a person behave in a certain way is the explanation of this theory. A certain genetic configuration causes personality traits, and determines behaviors the individual will be likely to have. Attachment theory uses psychology to suggest that criminal behavior is linked with a lack of a personal relationship or attachment as an infant. This lack of positive attachment to a motherly figure leads to psychological problems, such as antisocial behavior. Nature theory is that criminal activity is based on IQ, whereas a low IQ means more of a possibility of criminal behavior. Social structure theory provides that social and economic events and
What is motivation? According to text, motivation is defined as a set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually toward a certain goal. Motivation is the energy that makes us do things: this is a result of our individual needs being satisfied so that we have inspiration to complete the mission. These needs vary from person to person as everybody has their individual needs to motivate themselves. Depending on how motivated we are, it may further determine the effort we put into our work and therefore increase the standard of the productivity. There have been a wide variety of theories about motivation developed over the years. Several are drive-reduction theory, arousal theory, psychosocial (both incentive and cognitive) theory, and Maslow’s H...
Motive theory is one more way psychologists evaluate personality. The motive theory searches for reasons why people do what they do. It asks questions like what drives people. The underlying idea of the motive theory is that behavior reflects underlying needs. A need represents an unsatisfactory state of being. For instance, primary needs are biological, such as a need for air, water and food. After these basic needs are met, less important needs can be met such as friendship and even love. David McCelland and John Atkinson studied the need for achievement. The need for achievement is the desire to do things well and have pleasure in overcoming obstacles (Clark et al., 1956). The need for achievement varies depending on sex, and childhood
The author trusts that all humans have some level of motivation as long as they exist. In turn, there are several well-known classic approaches that consider motivation such as instinct, drive reduction, arousal, incentive, and humanistic approaches. It is beyond the scope of this paper to describe all in detail, but a brief synopsis of each follows: (1) Instinct approach theorists suggest that humans have many diverse instincts that are biologically determined and cause innate patterns of behaviors such as reproducing, territorial protection, curiosity, acquisition, and fight, flight or freeze to name a few (McDougall, 1908). (2) Drive-reduction theory proposes that individuals have needs that are essential for survival and this need cause a tension to act called a drive. These drives entail primary drives for physical needs such as water and food, and acquired drives realized through conditioning or experience such as the need for income or social acceptance; whereas, one must meet the need to reduce the drive to return to a state of homeostasis (Hull, 1943). (3) Theorists who support an Arousal approach believe that humans are motivated by stimulation and people develop an optimal level of stimulus tension; whereas, task performances may suffer if the level is too high such as severe test anxiety or even too low such as boredom
The author trusts that all humans have some level of motivation as long as they exist. In turn, there are several well-known classic approaches that consider motivation such as instinct, drive reduction, arousal, incentive, and humanistic approaches. It is beyond the scope of this paper to describe all in detail, but a brief synopsis of each follows: (1) Instinct approach theorists suggest that humans have many diverse instincts that are biologically determined and cause innate patterns of behaviors such as reproducing, territorial protection, curiosity, acquisition, and fight, flight or freeze to name a few (McDougall, 1908). (2) Drive-reduction theory proposes that individuals have needs that are essential for survival and this need cause a tension to act called a drive. These drives entail the primary drives for physical needs (water and food) and the acquired drives learned through experience or conditioning (need for money or social approval); whereas, one must meet the need to return to a state of homeostasis (Hull, 1943). (3) Theorists who support an Arousal approach believe that humans are motivated by stimulation and people develop an optimal level of stimulus tension; whereas, task performances may suffer if the level is too high such as severe test anxiety or even too low such as boredom (Teigen, 1994). (4) Incentive
humans basic instinctual drives”. (Wikimedia) The Id is impulsive and is the source of the
First, the death instinct, can also be described as inherent urge for violence. It states that this approach is occupied by the theories of evolution; by being aggressive, some members of species are able to survive, whereas those not being aggressive, will not be able to survive. Second, frustration-aggression hypothesis states that every frustration leads to some form of aggression, and every form of aggression is due to frustration. However, aggression can arise without frustration and that frustration doesn’t always cause aggression. It is possible that people can be aggressive if they have high level of frustration; if the frustration is arbitrary, unprovoked, or illegitimate. In another way, people will be less aggressive if their frustration is justifiable. Third, aversive emotional arousal hypothesis states that aggression is caused by negative emotions such as anger or discomfort. This aggression is used to reduce or eliminate the cause of the negative emotion. Finally, the social learning theory is an aggressive behavior that is only used as a means to get something and done by
A motivation theory that was presented in the 20th is called “Arousal Theory”. The two psychologists by the names Robert M. Yerkes and John Dillingham Dodson were the ones responsible for introducing the “Yerkes-Dodson Law” in the early 1900’s. The theory suggests, “during low arousal or stimulation the results is slow and lethargic and as the arousal increases so does the performance”. As it applies to motivation, arousal is a need that can be triggered by several factors. For instance, they can be a factor that is dependent on the temperature or climate. The arousal can be dictated by either hot or cold. In “cold” situations, arousal can be deemed low and on the other spectrum of being “hot”, arousal can elevate. During winter times, generally people tend to stay inside and stay warm in their cozy homes relaxing in their fireplace. People’s tendencies can be relaxed and lazy (low arousal). On the other hand, during summer weather most of us are vibrant and lively enjoy...
of human beings and how emotion is involved. Some say that behavior is solely caused from the
Motivation and Emotion (pg. 354) both play an important part in our daily life. Motivation helps us understand why we do things a certain way or why our behaviors change unexpectedly. While emotion shows our relationships with others and our health, and making important decisions. Motivation comes from the latin word “movere” which means to move where one starts on activities until one's psychological needs are fulfilled. An example in the chapter is “when a person is relaxed in front of the television and begins to feel hungry, the physical need for food might cause the person to get up, go into the kitchen, and search for something to eat”(Ciccarelli). But, there are two different types of motivation, extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. In
Motivation and emotion are usually viewed as two psychological features that seemingly share cause-and-effect relationship. We often see motivation as something that stimulates a person to act and behave to achieve a desired goal, while emotion is the feelings that emerge from the motive or drive itself, from the actions caused by the motive and from the achievement or failure of the desired goal. However. Motivation has been defined in different ways over the years, but a common component of the different definitions is that motivation is a force that energizes, activates and directs behaviour. In 2006, Franken defined motivation as the “arousal, direction and persistence of a person’s behaviour”. Motivation has been defined in various ways
Motivation is the concept of stimulating or arousing a person to achieve a goal. Motivation has much to do with desire and ambition, and if they are absent, motivation is absent too (What is Motivation and How to Strengthen It, para. 1). Motivation theories are unique to each organization. Some organizations have come up with motivation theories such as setting work goals, job performance evaluations, and fair treatment policies within the work environment to keep employees motivated. The impact that individuals, groups and structures have on behavior within organizations is Organizational Behavior. Motivation is affected by organizational behaviors, which is why different organizations apply motivation theories to motivate employees.
For example; when a person feel like that his or her arousal level is going down then to rise that he or she might go for a jog or listen to music. Actually, we all believe that in today’s world in the pressure of the competition of achieving good grades we as a teachers even forget to see the pressure of the students. And many students interest to learn is no longer there. So, we need to change this. In order to change this we have to make our learning environment a place where students arousal level of motivation is rising not decreased. For example; we can use music in the art class (drawing with music) also doing small group activities.etc…