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INTRODUCTION Urbanisation refers to peoples changing attitude towards social life and modernization. It is a process by which there is an increase in proportion of people living in urban area, leading to transformation of land for residential, commercial, and industrial purposes. The basic reason for increasing urbanisation is increase in the number of people moving into cities, for jobs, higher education, and better future prospective and for much higher quality of life. Urbanization allows for easier flow of information, more resistance to anti-progressive forces like nobles or religious officials, and more technological evolution. People grow and progress via trade and sharing, and urban environments allow this. Economic growth and urbanisation are inextricably linked in all the local, national and global context. RATIONALE Urbanisation in India has shown significant increase in the past two decades and there has been a considerable change in the people thinking and ways to look at social and global issues. Also the growth of Indian economy has improved a lot in the said duration. Is this change important specially in a country where agriculture has been a backbone and are we justifying with the nature and is the urbanisation not creating the gap between the different sections of people. All these have forced me to make a thorough study of the subject to analyse in real terms issues relating to urbanisation in India and its future impact on the social and cultural heritage of this country. KEY ISSUES Summary of all the key issues Urbanization began during the industrial revolution, when workers moved towards manufacturing hubs in cities to obtain jobs in factories as agricultural jobs became less common that is occupation... ... middle of paper ... ...wth and its benefit may reach to each and every sector of the society. LEARNING OUTCOME After going through the details on this topic I started realizing the importance urbanisation in India and how it plays a major role in the development of India, it got a sense of responsibility on me and made me think on this topic again, which is generally ignored or are not given much importance by the students of my age group. I do now believe that even our small contribution can make a difference in the world and help India grow. Works Cited http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/download_journals/files/2004/Volume1/Contents_Article_Jamaliah.pdf http://www.epa.gov/caddis/ssr_urb_urb1.html http://www.slideshare.net/MJ4950/1893207-635107471246657500 http://www.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/urban/chapter1.htm http://www.essayforum.com/writing-feedback-3/essay-urbanisation-7280/
The trend towards densely populated urban centers begun in 1800's continued into the 1900's. Man's development of urban centers was a major step away from what seemed to be nature's way of living: on farms and sparsely placed homesteads. Industrial production required hundreds of thousands of workers and, especially in the second industrial revolution, scientists. The urban centers that emerged during this period, such as Paris, London, and Berlin, were quickly changing the ratios of population from rural to urban Berlin's population, for example, went from 66% rural in 1871 to almost 66% urban before the first World War (see "The Second Industrial Revolution").
The growth in cities was due largely to the fact that factory jobs became widely available. Industrialization provided those who were unskilled and inexperienced
urbanization was also expanding in the major cities. In this “think piece” assignment I would like
In pre-industrial society, over 80% of people lived in rural areas. As migrants moved from the countryside, small towns became large cities. By 1850, for the first time in world history, more people in a country—Great Britain—lived in cities than in rural areas. As other countries in Europe and North America industrialized, they too continued along this path of urbanization (Modern World History
Urbanization (or urbanisation) is the increasing number of people that live in urban areas. Urbanization has been the result of economic growth for most countries. In fact, every developed nation in the world has gone through urbanization and this is no news to Chinese leaders. To turn the nation of China from being a developing nation to a developed nation, China encouraged the migration of citizens from the countryside to move to large cities and fuel the industrializing nation. Though urbanization has been a process many countries have gone through, China’s urbanization plans are very distinct compared to western examples. The main reason for China’s urbanization distinctions is its sheer magnitude and pace. In this paper, we will review this mass migration, the economic growth, China’s environmental concerns (specifically air pollution) due the urbanization and the focus on industrialization, and we will briefly see China’s newest seven year urbanization plan.
Urbanization has to deal with the construction of new modernized construction and the use of technology, in total it means advancing from the local to make modernized place and an industrial site. Also it includes the construction of infrastructural buildings, infrastructural buildings are buildings that are constructed for the betterment of the country for the people it includes hospital, schools, bridges, water supplies and different other buildings. Most of the land were covered by the trees, and they only few people living there, in order to develop a modernized place, or an urbanized place, construction needs to be made. In the determination of making an urbanized place where factories and all could be done, practice such as deforestation is done. Lands that were filled with tees are then cutting in order to satisfy the project of urbanization. The urbanized places are still developing which increases the rate of
India is well known as a nation of contrasts, and the nation itself is a paradox. It is one of the world’s oldest known civilizations, yet it has only existed as the nation the world now know sit for 67 years. Similarly, it has produced some of the most important contributions to mathematics, science, philosophy, and trade, yet it is still considered to be a developing nation. The country’s history is a long, winding journey that has led it to its current state – the world’s largest democracy featuring both the same technological advancements enjoyed by the first world and the same challenges and problems faced by the rest of the developing world.
The theory was proposed by the publication of the book Garden Cities of To-morrow. The author proposed more than harmony between man and nature, in fact he introduced a policy to maintain the social balance, threatened by the sordid conditions of urbanization of English folk layers during the nineteenth century. This concept of urbanization beyond plan forms, functions, financial and administrative resources of an ideal, healthy and beautiful city mainly considers the satisfaction of the masses, controlling their concentration in metropolitan centres. Initially, Howard uses diagrams to warrant the creation of a garden city.
India, the second highest populated country in the world after China, with 1.27 billion people currently recorded to be living there and equates for 17.31% (India Online Pages 2014) of the world's population, but is still considered a developing country due to it’s poverty and illiteracy rates. As these nations continue to grow at rates that are too fast for resources to remain sustainable, the government’s in these areas wi...
Indeed, many global cities face compelling urban planning issues like urban sprawl, population, low density development, overuse of non-renewable natural recourses, social inequities and environmental degradation. These issues affect the cities themselves, the adjacent regions and often even globally. The resulting ecological footprint upsets the balance in adjacent rural and natural areas. Unplanned or organic development leads to urban sprawl, traffic problems, pollution and slums (as evident in the case of Mumbai city). Such unplanned development causes solid waste management and water supply to fall inadequate. Urban sprawl gives rise to low density development and car dependent communities, consequently leading to increased urban flooding, low energy efficiency, longer travel time and destruction of croplands, forests and open spaces for development.
In this section, he explained that urbanization happened in two stages. First stage cities were confined and limited to the valleys and food plains, like the Nile, the Fertile Crescent, the Indus and Hwang Ho. The second stage is the urban dominance, where cities are in full expansion, performance and influence. He concluded that population growth and technical improvement are factors of this change.
Prior to the Industrial Revolution, society and economics were largely determined by land and agriculture. Growth was slow and people relied on traditional means to survive. The majority of societies were farmers who raised crops and animals for a living. However, in the eighteenth century, the population exploded and grew at a significant rate. The four primary factors behind this growth are: a decline in death rate, an increase in the birth rate, the virtual elimination of plagues, and an increase in the availability of food [[i]]. This burst of population created an excessive amount of workers, who were not needed in the agriculture society. The need for workers in agriculture decreased due to the advances in technology and tools. A large number of people as well as perspective farmers had to find jobs elsewhere. This is one of the important factors in the shift of the population from rural areas to the more urban cities.
...population distribution designed to reduce the rate of rural-urban migration appears to have had limited success in many developing countries. Policies must be directed at altering the rural economy in order to slow the rate of urban sprawl. Broad land use planning and changing of planning standards and governmental procedures would go a long way to reduce many of the problems that face urban populations in the developing areas, especially Africa. Urbanization can cause a lot of problems for a city or even a country. It can cause cities to become overpopulated which are known as mega-cites, and cause problems with living arrangements and finding a job. Urbanization can also cause health problems. Urbanization is supposed to be good for developing countries on the rise but with this rapid growth in Africa, these problems can become a major concern in the future.
A general situation of urbanization trend in developing countries and developed countries is increasing. In 18th Century only 3% of the world total population lived in urban areas but as projected in 2000 this number will increase at above 50% (UN as cited in Elliot, 1999, p. 144). According to UN (as cited in Elliot, 1999, p.144), it is figured that the total urban population in developing countries has increased from approximately 400 millions people in 1950 to approximately 2000 millions people in 2000. At the same time, total urban population in developed countries is double...
Specifically, Bangalore and Mumbai, two of India’s largest cities, are faced with a crisis. The slums that people are living in are both inhumane and often dangerous. There is a lack of support whether it is access to clean drinking water or medical help, the inhabitants of these slums face perilous conditions. The route of the problems associated with slums lies in the infrastructure and lack thereof. Without proper public transportation, proper medical care, sanitary conditions, clean drinking water, the slums will not be able to evolve. The solution lies not only in the hands of the government but as well as with NGO’s and the private sector. It is only thru the combined efforts of these parties that a true, permanent, solution can be achieved.