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Reflection on learning theory
Leadership in educational settings
Leadership in educational settings
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Recommended: Reflection on learning theory
I began constructing Table 1 in Memo 2, and now I am adding a third column to distinguish the teacher characteristics the researching is demonstrating to have positive effects on student achievement.
My new table focuses on controllable factors (One reference called these “policy amenable”), which is becoming my focus as a result of my readings and Dr. Quick’s advice to me to zoom in on leadership: “It’s important to incorporate leadership somehow. In other words, how can you get at the leadership role in successfully attracting and retaining a highly effective teaching staff? What are the leaders’ roles in districts that are outliers?”
I updated the table I created for Memo 1 to include the effects of teacher characteristics on student
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Gu concluded his discussion with this call for further research:
A central task for all concerned with enhancing quality and standards in schools is, therefore, not only to have a better understanding of what influences teachers’ resilience over the course of a career, but also the means by which the resilience necessary for these to be sustained may be nurtured in the contexts in which they work and live. (Gu, 2014, p. 522)
Two questions may be derived from Gu’s call for action. First, what are the input factors that increase teachers’ resilience? Second, how does leadership within a school create and nurture factors that serve to strengthen teachers’ resilience? The answers apply not just to new hires or novice teachers but to more experienced teachers so that they, too, remain teaching in the building as high quality teachers.
Boyd offered a call for future research aligned with Gu’s which further sparked my interest in answering the research question, What school-based, controllable factors positively impact teachers’ decision to
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Create a table to summarize a minimum of 15 key references and how you are classifying them to serve different purposes for your review (e.g., primary focus, background, history, theoretical frame, critical lens, etc.)? Or note Roberts’ Chapter 9 handout on p. 97, 98, or
Leading organizations of school administrators offer educators various opportunities to encourage educators to become leaders. No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) has mandated that leaders be better prepared for the task of providing quality education to all. NCLB “… is forcing all educational stakeholders to face the weakness of contemporary school leadership and is making it impossible to ignore the need for higher quality principals” (Hale & Moorman, 2003, p.1). It is believed that all educators can be and are leaders in their own right. A leader is a visionary and has the ability to inspire others to aspire to greatness. Of the numerous opportunities that are offered, those that are most beneficial include but are not limited to leadership training programs, professional development, and creating shared leadership opportunities for teachers to become leaders. The systems “…that produce our nation’s principals are complex and interrelated – and governed by the states. Each state establishes licensing, certification and re-certification” (Hale & Moorman, 2003, p.1). States use the ISLLC standards “…as the framework for preparation programs and in service professional development of school superintendents, principals, and other leaders” (Hale & Moorman, 2003, p.3).
... the students a better understanding of what I am looking for in each entry. I think I will use a suggestion from McTighe, “Teachers can also use the examples (with student names removed) with future students to help them see the difference excellent, good, fair, and poor work.”(Richardson, 2009) This will be a great way for students to identify what is expected of them and it will save instructional time in the process so we don’t fall behind in my pacing scale
Effective teachers evaluate their classroom environment in comparison to their students’ academic, functional, behavior and social needs. After taking this into consideration, the teacher should make appropriate accommodations and/or modifications to ensure all student success in the classroom. Despite a teacher’s highest expectation for students, students who require a more individualized approach will always be of concern. The INCLUDE strategy is provided for these students who require an individualized approach. INCLUDE allows teachers a strategy for making adaptations or accommodations based on individual student needs, along with the teacher’s expectations in the classroom. (Friend & Bursuck, 2006)
Resilience and hardiness has long been a topic of research and discussion within different paradigms and fields of study, for example, in military psychology, psychiatry, health statistics and measurement, medical anthropology, education, medicine and organizational settings. Resilience means the skills, abilities, acquaintance, and insight that accumulate over time as people struggle to conquer adversity and meet challenges. It is an ongoing and developing fund of energy and skill that can be used in current struggles (Saleebey, 1996; Liebenberg, 2005).Most commonly, the term resilience has come to mean an individual's ability to overcome adversity and continue his or her normal development.
Resilience is not an attribute or personality characteristic of an individual but a dynamic process wherein people show positive adaptation despite experiences of major adversity or trauma. (LUTHAR & CICCHETTI, 2000) Resilience is a two-dimensional construct regarding adversity exposure and the proper adjustment outcomes of that adversity. (LUTHAR & CICCHETTI, 2000) The two-dimensional construct means implies two judgments about the significance of adversity and a positive adaptation to adversity. (Masten & Obradovic, 2006).
Resiliency is the ability to successfully overcome adversity (Seccombe, 2016). Learning resilience is a lifelong process. Elements at the macro and micro level produce the harsh conditions or recovery mechanisms (Seccombe, 2016). Macro-level elements include political and social systems. Micro-level elements consist of the family system and an individual’s characteristics. Additionally, it is these environmental factors and individual characteristics that foster either resignation or resilience (Seccombe, 2016). The book Louisa (Emmel, 2007), illustrates how a culture’s social policy was restrictive while the family structure and individual characteristics were the protective/recovery means that provided resilience.
H. (1995). A guide to promoting resilience in children: Strengthening the human spirit. The Hague, The Netherlands: Bernard van leer foundation.
David T. Conley, Ph.D. a. The. Education - Leadership -. Vol. 66 No.
Zander, M., Hutton, A., & King, L. (2013). Exploring resilience in pediatric oncology nursing staff. Collegian., 20(1), 17-25. doi: http://dx.doi.org.proxy.library.ohiou.edu/10.1016/j.colegn.2012.02.002
Both adversity and resilience occur on spectrum. Adversity; from feeling a need to prove a point to abuse, resilience; none being so resilient that one becomes arrogant, closed-minded, and insensitive. Hara Estroff Morano outlines and informs about resilient people in her article “The Art of Resilience”. The boy from “Untitled” by anonymous is not resilient in any way; W. D. Wetherell in “The Bass, The River, and Sheila Mant” is the “prime example” of someone who is resilient; and Jacques Lusseyran in “The Blind in Society” is the extreme resilient.
Sergiovanni suggests that schools with strong heartbeats are “stronger and more resilient,” (2015, p.11), collaborative in nature, and led cooperatively. Principals and teachers are constantly learning and finding solutions for areas of need.
Leadership is an important factor in managing change in organizations (Sarros & Santora, 2001). Leadership is one of the most vital success factors in organization (Murphy & Ensher, 2008). At any time in history of any community, there has always been a great leader and leadership has always been practiced (Leech & Fulton, 2008). For all successful organizations, there has been an effective leader who is able to mobilize all the resources in the organization to achieve its goals (Malusu, 2003). Schools, like other organizations, require effective leadership to achieve their goals (Barnet, McCormick & Conners, 2001). In an educational system, a principal as the coordinator of all educational and training activities
Everyone knows that when it comes to making a difference in a child’s academic and life achievements, their teachers play a large role. A teacher’s ability to relate to their students, and teach them to achieve both socially and academically contributes to how effective they are. What does it mean to be an effective teacher? Overall there seems to be an emphasis on teacher effectiveness related to how well their students are performing on standardized testing. As teachers we know there is more to being an effective teacher then just teaching our students based on tests. This paper will identify different definitions of an effective teacher along with how to assess teachers on being effective.
York-Barr, J. & K. Duke (2004) what do we know about teacher leadership? Findings from two decades of scholarship. Review of educational research 74(3), 255-316.
Education is a very important aspect in the life of a child. The level of success a student has in the classroom is greatly influenced by their teachers. Students, as well as their parents, depend on the teachers to guide them through their education. But who guides a teacher to perform successfully in the classroom? Principals and teachers play an important role in schools. A good relationship among school leaders and teachers is necessary and play an important role in making improvements in the school. Leadership refers to the “process in which one person successfully exerts influence over others to reach desired objectives”. (Okoji, 2015) Good leadership involves honesty, vision, confidence and commitment. It is the ability to inspire a