Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of study
Diversity concept can be defined by refers to variety of living organisms in a particular area (Statistica, 2013). Since diversity involves many living organisms and include different species, thus it may be very complex. There are two significant divisions within the scope of diversity which are species diversity and habitat diversity (Mumby, 2001). Both represent structural complexity of environments. In order to reduce complexity of ecological system, ecological diversity concept can be used, through diversity indices. Generally, for the measuring species diversity common way that can be used are count the species richness and species abundance. These two methods include the information
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In general, species diversity is a measure of the number ofcomponent species and their abundance at a defined point in space and time (Tews et al., 2004). The presence of different species in community arise the difficulties to assign the individual species in particular size. In order to reduce the problem arising, diversity measure will be applied to measure species diversity for a community. Diversity measures may lead different the ordering in a community into ecological organization Even species diversity is related to each other but the functional role are equally different According to Boulangeat et al.(2012) The difference of functional role among species can be identified using diversity measures. Basically there are two different approach involve in diversity measures such as number of species (species richness) and the relative abundance of individuals within each species (species abundance).Combination information between both measures are used in method using mathematical indices or also known as diversity indices (Kreb, …show more content…
In addition zygoptera was good indicator of disturbance to indigenous riparian vegetation and sensitive by disturbance create by commercial forestry. However, in this study the lack number of Anisptera compared to Zygoptera might due to Sekayu Forest unable to support suitable habitats for most Anisoptera was basically present at larger ponds with floating macrophytes and chasing each other on sunny days (Oppel,
Bunyaville state forest, is a national park located in between the suburbs of Albany creek and Everton hills. Bunyaville has been educating the young minds of many school aged students for many years. Alongside the the education programs at bunyaville, there is a vast range of biodiversity, present at the site. From fish, birds and plants, there is without a doubt that bunyaville though having experienced a loss of biodiversity over the years, still has a lot of diversity within its species. The purpose of this report is to find and evaluate the biodiversity in the park and the conservation methods being used to maintain it.
The sixth major case of Endangered Specie. The laboratory Rats are bred every year to serve various scientific purposes. Once the test are complete the rat are rapidly killed, with the result that the variety becomes extinct.
(http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O7-densityfrequencydominance.html) Biodiversity is the number of richness or the number of species in a local area. This happens when someone can look at a species, in order to indicate a degree of uncertainty. This can happen by calculating the number of species given, where the individual is picked at random from the community. In other words, if the diversity is high, then oneself will have a poorer chance of correctly calculating the species of the next individual picked at random. (http://www.tiem.utk.edu/~gross/bioed/bealsmodules/shannonDI.html) This experiment was a way to find out the diversity of the school parking lot and the possibility to identify the type or model of the student’s, faculties and guest
The purpose of this lab report is to see if the upsurges and the diminutions on the invasive species populace along with the inferences that modifications of the ecosystem as one.
Landscape fragmentation contributes to loss of migratory corridors, loss of connectivity and natural communities, which all lead to a loss of biodiversity for a region. Conservation of biodiversity must include all levels of diversity: genetic, species, community, and landscape (CNHP 1995). Each complex level is dependent upon and linked to the other levels. In addition, humans are linked to all levels of this hierarchy. A healthy natural and human environment go hand in hand (CNHP 1995). An important step in conservation planning, in order to guarantee both a healthy natural environment as well as a healthy human environment, is recognizing the most endangered elements.
The ecosystem I have chosen is tropical rainforest. In the following paragraphs, I am going to firstly introduced the structure of tropical rainforest in brief, with the second part of the plant ecology and last the diversity within this ecosystem.
America is often called a melting pot; the metaphor is used because our society is made of different types of people that are blended together in our community. Educators need to familiarize themselves with the perspectives of numerous cultural groups. In early childhood, teachers have practice the anti-bias education concept. Anti-bias education includes learning experiences and teaching strategies that are specifically designed not only to prepare all children for life in a culturally rich society, but also to counter the stereotyping of diverse groups, and to guard against expressions of bias (Derman-Sparks & Edward, 2010). After observing a classroom, the first multicultural items I noticed was the circle time rug. It had a world in the middle with children from all over the world holding
Although the assessment displayed many threats, this project will address only one causal chain: of the inefficiency of co-management agreement in the park. The contributing factors for this direct threat are first, the lack of revision of the agreement since 1991. The last stage of the co-management agreement inside of Kakadu National park was signed 27 years ago. Although this co-management agreement has been through different stages and revisions, very important aspects of the context have changed since then. It is proposed in this project that a revision is needed to assure that the agreement has both benefits for traditional owners and to wildlife in the park. Secondly, currently, there are conflicting agendas and conflicting definitions of the problem within the participants. This has created for different programs and policies to be created, often in conflict with one another. For example, wide-range poisoning of quolls by traps to kill dingoes implemented by one agency that seeks to exterminate invasive species (such as wild dogs/dingoes). Another example of what different problem definitions can create is the foxes example. An agency can see foxes as the main issue, and the solution is to target foxes with poisoning bait. What happens, then, is numbers of feral cats and rabbits, which are also hunted by foxes, tend to boom once the foxes are gone. So, small marsupials (i.e. quolls) will still be hunted – only by cats instead – and the rabbits will wreak havoc in the landscape, depriving native animals of food and shelter. This connects to the third contributing factor, the multiplicity of agencies, and lack of exchange between them. Because Australia works under the frame of a decentralized government, many agencies and organizations do not communicate with each other or are held accountable. This then creates a very complex social process, which then creates a very
In The Diversity of Life, Edward O. Wilson reflects on how the living world became diverse and how humans are destroying that diversity. In the book’s preface, Wilson defines biodiversity as “the totality of inherited variation in all organisms in a selected area” (Wilson ix). He adds that modern technology will allow for us to find many new species that were previously unknown to be in existence.
Diversity: It is the representation of the population with diverse cultures, customs with different social background.
A biome, also known as life zones, consists of all plants, animals, and other organisms, as well the physical environment in a particular area. A biome is characterized by its’ plant life, climate, and location. The climate and physical features determine the boundaries of a biome. A biome is made up of many different ecosystems. The ecosystems tend to have the same pants and animals as neighboring biomes around the boundaries. The major biomes are the tundra, taiga, tropical rain forest, temperate forests, desert, grassland, savanna, chaparral, and marine. Each biome has it’s own characteristics such as the tundra.
There are several definition of diversity depends on the context. In general, diversity concerns to personal or group's socio-demographic behaviour
The study area consisted of Latah and Benewoh in Idaho, USA. The research used a total of 105 sites to collect data; ranking the areas from lowest to highest elevation. The methods implemented in this research consisted of wetland sampling, mail survey and habitat modelling. The combined results allowed for better insight for the conservation of these species. The first section of the experiment consist...
What is ecological sampling? Ecological sampling the the density of a population whether it is a plant or animal population that is being measured within a specific habitat. Why is it important? It measures the different diversity of both animal and plant species, the sampling also helps us understand how humans and other animals affect the ecosystem like the invasive like the Burmese Python in Florida, an invasive species that has killed and invaded the Everglades and affected most animal populations. The people who use the methods of ecological sampling are ecologists, ecologists measure and find out the density of a population whether it be for a specific species or an entire population of diverse species within a specific area of the world or place. There are many different techniques and methods to use ecological sampling. First is stratified sampling, stratified sampling is the process of identifying areas within a habitat which will or will not possibly be very different from one another and must be sampled separately to not confuse the populations together. Each area within the habitats is separately sampled within the overall habitat which is then called a stratum, however if the habitat is fairly uniform then this method
Nowadays it is common to read articles in newspapers and magazines regarding biodiversity issues. Human beings have been knowingly and unknowingly destroying biodiversity since their existence. Biodiversity is the measure of the variety of species of animals living in an area. Forests are usually areas with high biodiversity while deserts are the opposite. Human beings have always destroyed biodiversity either by deforestation, or by some other means. Biodiversity depletion is a natural phenomenon. But the present levels of biodiversity depletion are many times higher than the natural rate. Recently the levels of loss in biodiversity have started causing global concern. Some of the main causes for loss in biodiversity are alteration of habitats, increasing levels of pollution and human population growth.