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Cultural and cross cultural psychology
Cultural and cross cultural psychology
Reflective paper on multicultural diversity in psychology
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Whether mental or physical, our unique and rare characteristics display our identity and who we truly are. The way we choose to present ourselves is entirely up to us. The excerpt, “Covering: The Hidden Assault on Our Civil Rights” by Kenji Yoshino portrays how majority of the people cover their physical or personal characteristics to fit into society. He also explains the importance of fitting into the mainstream and that being an essential part of life. Similarly, the text “Strange Creatures”, by Susan Blackmore explains the importance of imitation in an individual’s life. Imitation is a meme, which is anything that is copied from person to person. Kenji’s idea of covering relates to Blackmore’s theory of imitation because covering is a type …show more content…
Our ideas are influenced by our surroundings and it is done so by, imitation. Susan explains, “Everything that is passed from person to person in this way is a meme. This includes all the words in your vocabulary, the stories you know, and the skills and habits you have picked up from others and the games you like to play. It includes the songs you sing and the rules you obey” (Blackmore 37). Our actions and behaviors seem to be in control by the meme. We all may try to be creative and imaginative but imitation is the obstacle that stops us from being our true selves. Likely, Yoshino mentions that, “Because covering applies to us all, it provides an issue around which we can make common cause… our common human wish [is] to express ourselves without being impeded by unreasoning demands of conformity” (295). Many of us have tried to cover our authenticity because it is the social norm. Relatively to imitation, covering our identity is also a hurdle, which holds us back from flaunting our natural character. Kenji also mentions, “Since Hector St. John de Crevecoeur’s 1782 Letters from an American Farmer, this country has touted assimilation as the way Americans of different backgrounds would be “melted into a new race of men”” (294). This ‘melting into a new race of men’ is referred as the ‘melting pot’ by Israel Zangwill’s play. Covering helps us blend into the ‘melting pot’ and make us all fairly similar. Imitation …show more content…
He thinks that, “racial identity has a behavioral component...our race [is] also defined by our behaviors” (300). Yoshino did not pass as Japanese because his behavior was different than other Japanese individual’s. He further emphasizes, “I do not code as Japanese because of a set of behaviors-how I hold my body, how I move through space, how I speak” (300). Race is based on behavior because our manners and style have to match with others of the same race. He was not guaranteed a position in the Japanese race just because he was simply born into it. Looking back at Blackmore’s theory of imitation, our behavior and actions are the result of imitation. Susan writes, “Have you ever sat and blinked, or waved, or "goo gooed", or even just smiled, at a baby? What happens? Very often they blink too, or wave or smile back at you” (33). We humans learn so easily by imitation that we do not realize how much effect it has on our behavior. Imitation leads us to open up to the world and pick up what we think is the norm. Looking at the big picture, Imitation affects our behavior, which affects our racial identity. All the aspects seem to interconnect and form a chain
He mournfully tells his audience he has “moved away from the periphery and toward the center of American life, [he] has become white inside” (Liu 1). As a young chinese boy growing up in America, he was taught the way to assimilation was to abandon the language, culture, and traditions of his ancestors, and his essay is a remorseful reflection on the consequences of his sacrifice. Despite giving away so much, despite doing it all to ‘become white’, he will always be an outsider – race and skin color can never be the uniting factor of a community. Eric Liu goes on to talk about how “the assimilist is a traitor to his kind, to his class, to his own family” (Liu 2). Why does it need to be this way? The ‘a-word’ (assimilist) need not be a negative one, if only assimilation meant adapting to an ideology rather than one race’s culture. If that were the true meaning of assimilation, the idea that to assimilate is to betray would be eradicated. The current method of naturalization to American culture is unacceptable: The only thing that will unite Americans will be a common goal to promote good values and hard work within
There has been many discussions about how people try to fit in society, whether it is for music, interests in subjects, or even trying to fit in a specific culture. Groups and individuals seems to have a distinction among each other when it comes down to fitting in society and how they differ and have tensions among each other to conform to social norms. In “Making Conversation” and “The Primacy of Practice” by Kwame Anthony Appiah discusses how all cultures have similarities and differences but sometimes those differences are so different that they can not connect to another nation. Manuel Munoz in “Leave Your Name at the Border” argues how immigrants in a city are forced to act more societal and how it typically affects the diversity in
...many ways that people try to alter themselves in order to be accepted. For Example: apparel, beliefs, language, and even actions. Most popularly amongst these which happen in real life and also the novel, falls appearance and action. Typically people change their appearance when they are insecure about their looks and alter them to fit in with their desired crowed. Unfortunately many also go to the extreme of modifying their actions. This is far more serious because it often results in irrational behavior done simply to be a part of a preferred social group.
These categories often include our race, class, gender, income and our educational level. More often than not we are generalized by what category we fall under. However, these categories are the ones that society sees us as, but it’s not what defines us as a person. “A friend argues that Americans battle between the ‘historical self’ and the ‘self self.’” (Rankine 104). We can say that our “historical self” is what people view us as. Not only is it the category we fall under it’s the stereotypes that have managed to travel time and stick with us regardless of us not having lived during the time they were initially created. Our “historical self” is how we are perceived by people who don’t know us. On the other hand our “self-self” is the person we initially are. It’s the person who our family and close friends know us as. It’s our personality, our attitude and who we really are as a person. Nevertheless our “self-self” doesn’t have the power to protect us from what we are genuinely seen as. “however, sometimes your historical selves, her white self and your black self, or your white self and her black self, arrive with the full force of your American positioning.” (Rankine 104). We can tell ourselves that society isn’t what defines us but there’s going to be times where you realize that people see you as nothing more than the label society puts on
Rooney, Monique. "What Passes In Imitation Of Life (1959)?." Humanities Research 16.1 (2010): 55-77. Humanities International Complete. Web. 19 Dec. 2013.
In “People Like Us”, the writer talks about tolerance and diversity in the United States. America has for a long time been cited as one of the most diverse countries. Upon investigation of that statement, one will find that it is a fact, for the country is filled with millions of individuals from different ethnic extractions, political affiliations, religion, socioeconomic status, personalities, interests, etc. However, according to “People Like Us”, instead of the population of the country uniting in its diversity and using that as a strength, individuals are trying really hard to distance themselves from others who are not like themselves, and to band themselves together with those who are like them. David
In today’s world, we live in a society where we are subjected to follow rules, which are placed upon us by the society. Many people are faced with the dilemma of whether or not to follow the ideals of other people, or pursue their ideals and go against the prevailing conventions. In “Selections from Into the Wild” by Jon Krakauer, the author talks about a man named McCandless who went into the Alaskan wilderness in order to find his true self. His journey was also to escape from the societal norms of society. A person who goes into the wilderness believes that they can live their life with brute simplicity. This gives them little to no time with the complicated problems of modern society. Likewise, in “Waiting for a Jew” by Jonathan Boyarin, the author talks about one’s aspiration to find their identity and purpose in the community. He conveys that religious places, like shul, allow an individual to develop a cross- cultural self. The desires and expectations placed upon us by the society shape our strategies of personal identity; therefore, instilling fears that cause us to identify in opposition to our prevailing conventions.
Hwang’s father has been victims of racism since 1996, we can’t tell by the last name or by the way the look like where they come from. We aren’t allowed to ask at auditions legally, a person’s race. Therefore, the fact that DHH a character in this play mistakes a white man for being part Asian shows us that we can’t necessarily tell where a you really from by looking
...inferior cultures are always able to adapt and learn things from larger groups, in contact zone environments the larger groups are finally able to draw things from the smaller cultures as well, and thus transculturation becomes a two-way street. Only when people are made aware of the marginal diversity that surrounds them in everyday life are they able to gain a wider understanding and deeper knowledge of the world around them. They are then able to apply that knowledge to shape and benefit the way they interact with others and operate as a part of a society that is more open, leaving behind the mistake of imagined communities and applying inaccurate definitions to groups of people.
Time and time again our stories feature a twist where it turns out the image that the characters experience is either blatantly false, or has been distorted, that their perceptions turned out to be an imitation of something that was never real; whether it be the realization that the Matrix is a computer simulation, that Madeline from Vertigo never existed, or that Dorian Gray’s face masks his corrupt personality. In these stories the revelation of the false image provides the characters with a massive, life changing shock. Plato claimed that this shock, dragging someone from the dark of a false image, to the light of truth would be painful, but would leave them enlightened, however in The Picture of Dorian Gray those who idolized the image of Dorian Gray, the false imitation, will be devastated upon realization of the truth of how he acts.
Omi and Winant’s concept of racialization is formed around the theory that race is a social conception while Bonilla-Silva’s is formed around the theory of racialized social systems. We will first look at Omi and Winant, and then we’ll move onto Bonilla-Silva’s concept of racialization. Omi and Winant say “Within the contemporary social science literature, race is assumed to be a variable which is shaped by broader societal forces.” (Omi & Winant 1986, pg. 3) The racial line in the United States has been defined and reinforced over centuries. Whites are seen as a “pure” while those who are mixed are categorized as “nonwhite.” This sort of thinking comes from the idea of hypo-descent. The theory of hypo-descent is as follows: no matter how small the African American ancestry a person has, they are still considered African American. Marvin Harris said “The rule of hypo-descent is, therefore, an invention, which we in the United States have made in order to keep biological facts from intruding into our collective racist fantasies.” (Omi & Winant 1986, pg. 3) The notion of “passing” began after the implementation of hypo-descent. Individuals who are categorized as “black” according to hypo-descent attempt to bypass discriminatory barriers by “passing” for white. When an individual is “passing” they try to assimilate themselves into the other race. “Passing” made it to the Supreme Court with the Takao Ozawa case. Ozawa, a Japanese male, filed for United States citizenship under the Naturalization Act of 1906. Ozawa stated that he had assimilated to the “white” way of life and should be considered “white.” The Supreme Court found that only Caucasians were white, and the Japanese were an “unassimilated” race.
Men and women of all races are subjected to change due to the consistently persistent demands of covering. Women are forced to adjust to covering demands through many ways such as sororities, partner relationships, and social work environments. Kimmel states “ Girls who learn to accommodate themselves to Guyland run the risk of becoming grown women who accommodate themselves with intransigence”(Kimmel 261). The intransigence that he refers to is unchanging behavior of men but according to Kimmel, the love of a woman cannot change the behavior of a man. Their love is not transformative and therefore, they must change their own behavior (cover) to accommodate to the intransigence of men. Comparable to men, the intransigence of society is also something human beings are unable to change. The ways of humanity have been set and unchanged so that others must assimilate to the norms. Yoshino describes the evolution of covering in this statement “Covering has enjoyed such a robust and stubborn life because it is a form of assimilation. At least… this country has touted assimilation as the way Americans of different backgrounds would be ‘melted into a new race of men,”(Yoshino 294). This quotation describes how covering has existed for a long period of time. Because of this, mankind has been unable to change assimilation and is forced to accommodate to the intransigence of
According to Silvia Bellezza, a doctoral candidate in marketing at Harvard Business School in Boston, “Nonconformity leads to positive inferences of status and competence when it is associated with deliberateness and intentionality..” Intentional deviance from a norm can project heightened status and competence by signaling that one has the autonomy to act according to one’s own inclinations (Silvia Bellezza). For example, in one study she found that participants perceived an individual deliberately wearing a red bow tie at a black-tie party in a country club as a higher-status member of the club and a better golf player than a conforming individual wearing a black bow tie. This enhances one's sense of freedom which allows a person to have their own identity in the crowd. Amanda Chatel, a writer for Bustle, claims that “Being your darling and the bizarre self who does their own thing is the best thing you can be... in life… the dating world, online or otherwise.” Being yourself can increase one's charm. As stated in the second paragraph, “those who march to the beat of their own drummer,” or follow their own constitution are, “far more attractive than those who are just like...everyone else.” Although some conformists accept who they are, your true identity can encourage positivity within yourself. For instance, this can be beneficial for one's self-esteem and confidence, constructing that
“Black, white and brown are merely skin colors. But we attach to them meanings and assumptions, even laws that create enduring social inequality.”(Adelman and Smith 2003). When I first heard this quote in this film, I was not surprised about it. Each human is unique compared to the other; however, we are group together based on uncontrollable physical characteristics. Eyes, hair texture, and skin tone became a way to separate who belongs where. Each group was labeled as having the same traits. African Americans were physically superior, Asians were the more intellectual race, and Indians were the advanced farmers. Certain races became superior to the next and society shaped their hierarchy on what genes you inherited.
Two authors that had shared there struggles with dealing with the concept of being transcultural and how trying to fit in made it very difficult, Amy (Tan) and David (Suzuki).Wrote About how being born as one culture and growing up in a different doesn’t mean you have to fit in letting yourself be who you can let you grow not only in your culture but you genetic one. For example, Amy Tan’s Fish Cheek helps understand a deeper meaning about trying to fit in with being an average; “American Girl.” The article is about a real story about how she wanted to change herself genetically so that she could look average and the person she was trying to impress would like her. As a child she didn't understand the importance of being unique and happy with your culture, her mother explained to her that; "But inside you must always be Chinese. You must be proud you are different. Your only shame is to have shame." Most people might find it easy by not trying to fit in but in reality we all want to fit in and be like everyone else. Furthermore, David Suzuki is another person who had struggled with accepting the idea of never fitting in he writes that; “I was born a Canadian.” He writes that he is proud that he is different through the struggles of dealing with not fitting in with either cultures he accepted that