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Adult Group Education
Relevance of group work in teaching and learning
Role of peer group in learning
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Recommended: Adult Group Education
How does group work contribute to adult learning?
“Simply belonging to a group does not necessarily lead to the activation of these positive processes” (Magni, Paolino, Cappetta, & Proserpio, 2013). Through each of the learning theories, we have seen that there needs to be involvement of the learner in order for learning to actually take place. “In a group-based training setting, group members learn from each other how to overcome the obstacles that they themselves and others erect to hinder the achievements of their goals” (as cited in Magni, Paolino, Cappetta, & Proserpio, 2013). I found this to be interesting, as a high school teacher, many of my students want everyone to achieve, therefore they sometimes get caught sharing their answers
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Chang and Kang (2016) list that there are four challenges that can happen. First being commitment/responsibility. “The amount of stress and duplicated work created by irresponsible group members far outweighed any positive contributions that they may have made” (Bo & Haijun, 2016, p. 80). “Group-work caused more stress for some group members when they volunteered to do more than they should for the project” (Bo & Haijun, 2016, p. 80). Many people will take on more than they should sometimes due to the fear that it will be done incorrectly by another group member. Challenge two is communication/ coordination. “Communication in a timely manner is difficult in online group work since students don’t see each other physically” (Bo & Haijun, 2016, p. 80). Coodinating in an asynorous course is hard, because the learners can be all over the country, and sometimes even world. “Scheduling a time with group members to discuss assignments was difficult and the asynchronous nature of group work was especially hard and complicated when students from different time sones tried to coordicate times” (Bo & Haijun, 2016, p. 81). Challenge three structure/management. “Some participants complained that the process of negotiating how to do group work added extra work for them” (Bo & Haijun, 2016, p. 81). “Group size also affects the management and the dynamics of group work. The findings indicate that a small-sized group
work as a group they also learn as a group, but the downside of this
This group project has been one of the easiest assignments with regard to team participation in which I have been involved. All members pulled their weight, showed up to meetings, and were motivated to get the job done and produce a quality product. The group development model, developed by Bruce Tuckman, follows the pattern of ‘Forming → Storming → Norming → Performing → Adjourning,’ and our group flowed through that model fairly quickly. The forming stage consists of the group actually coming together initially.
Classroom management plays an important role in effective teaching by providing a desirable environment which promotes better learning and student growth. The most important effect that classroom management has on student behavior is that it promotes better learning because students can better focus when their environment is free from distraction and conflict. When a teacher provides a well-organized and controlled environment, student’s academics interest and performance increase while behavioral issues decreased (Pope, 2010). One classroom management technique I plan to use in my future classroom setting will include the use of cooperative learning. According to Maher (2010), cooperation learning leads to higher group and individual achievement, higher-quality reasoning strategies, more frequent transfer of these from the group to individual members, greater metacognitive skills, and more new ideas and problem-solving. Students will be assigned heterogeneous groups with a mixture of high achievers with low achievers. Groups will also be created to ensure diversity between gender and ethnicity.
When people in groups expect everyone else to put work in, getting work done is more difficult. Group efforts can have
One last thing that I do not like about group work is when there are group members that do not want to participate. It makes things difficult because I find that they can slow the group’s progression down a
After completing the group task of preparing a presentation on, transferring individual facilitation skills into a group work setting I will critically reflect upon my own participation. I will evaluate my self-awareness while working in the group, as well as those around me. The way that I personally dealt with any issues that arose within the group and how that affected the group dynamics. I will also briefly discuss the roles in which each member of the group took and how role allocation affected, the group dynamics and the working relationships. Finally I will evaluate my work having discussed it with my fellow group members.
My family, abilities, and faith have greatly impacted my capability and motivation to work in groups and teams. I was raised by two introverts and grew up with an extroverted sibling. When I first thought about how my family taught me about teamwork, my mind drew a tremendous blank, but I now realize that my dad, mom, and brother all played a major role in how I perceive and participate in group communication. My organization skills and Christian faith have also heavily contributed to how I work in groups. Overall, these contributions have had both negatively and positively affected how I communicate in groups, yet I believe that these influences have caused more good than harm in the end.
Realizing that a group can become a high performance team is important. Accomplishing this goal is invaluable, advantageous and profitable. Once able to operate from a group to the high performing team is a great step into preparation into the big business world. Leaders and members must also realize not only how to accomplish this but that some problems will and can arise from different demographic characteristics and cultural diversity. That is if one is in such a group, which the probability would be quite high.
“Informal groups have a powerful influence on the effectiveness of an organization, and can even subvert its formal groups. But, the informal group’s role is not limited to resistance. The impact of the informal group upon the larger formal group depends on the norms that the informal group sets. So the informal group can make the formal organization more effective, too.” Informal groups can either be a manager’s best friend or worst enemy. Group Development: The Formation of Informal Work Groups Informal work groups are part of any working environment; how they form, the leadership within the group and how these groups communicate, follow the same basic model. “Groups are particularly good at combining talents and providing innovate solutions to possible unfamiliar problems.” “There are five stages of group development. The first is forming,which is where the group first comes together. Everyone is usually polite. Conflict is seldom voiced directly. Individuals will be guarded in their own opinions and reserved.” The second form of developmentis “storming a chaotic vying for leadership and trailing of group operates.” The third is norming as the second stage evolves the rules of engagement for the group becomes established, and the scopes of the group’s task or responsibilities are clear and agreed. Fourth is performing,not all groups reach this point. Everyone knows each other well enough to be able to work together. And the fifth stage is adjourning; this is about the completion and disengagement of the tasks and group members. The formations of informal work groups are employed by an organization to perform specific functions. Informal groups almost always arise ...
Little research exists on how learning occurs in groups (Cranton 1996; Dechant, Marsick, and Kasl 1993). Futhermore, when forming groups, adult educators tend to focus on helping learners work effectively together rather than on helping them understand the learning processes that may be occurring in the group (Dechant, Marsick, and Kasl 1993). By drawing on Habermas' domains of knowledge and interests, Cranton (1996) has developed a helpful way of thinking about how groups can accomplish or facilitate different types of learning. Cranton suggests that there are three types of group learning, each affiliated with the following kinds of knowledge proposed by Habermas--
Working together with other people for an assignment can be a challenging task in some cases but luckily, I worked well with my group members. The decisions we made were anonymous although we paced ourselves individually when it came to completing our separate parts of the essay. As a group I believe that we connected well on an interpersonal level as all four of us were able to make alterations to any problem together . Furthermore, we did not give each other a chance to get angry at one another as we knew that this would only cause conflict that would disrupt our flow as a group. There was an equal divide in the amount of work that we all did; our contributions were fair and no one was lacking behind. In addition, my group members were great at keeping each other informed if one of us were not able to attend a group meeting; emails were sent out informing us what we missed and ideas that were formulated. Everyone in my group worked according to deadlines and in synchronization with each other; we did not have to nag anyone to complete work or wait on a member to complete their task.
A Theory of Group Development held for me some surprising revelations about my behavior. How I am orientated towards authority and how that may impact the way I relate to others offered me more than a few things to consider. Enumerating those revelations and where they influenced my behavior in the group during each of the phases is the focus of this paper. Obstacles to the development of valid communication is something that members bring into the group.
According to Frank Smith, for example, this type or learning involves one member of a group who “works together with trust” with the other person who wants to join this club (McAndrew and Reigstad 5). Although it is true that knowledge is obtained through the interaction of two people who are willing to cooperate together, this process also involves being aware of the cultural conventions of both. Going back to my experience with a writing tutor during my freshmen year, I recall having built a good friendship and tutor-advisee relationship with my advisor. However, until this day I still hold a submissive attitude towards my tutors and teachers liked I used to do when I was in school back home. In Latin cultures, students learn since they’re little to respect adults and their authority. Even though I have been studying in American institutions for years, I unconsciously still behave this way and cautiously submit myself to what my teachers and tutors tell me; I was taught to never talk back. This is the reason why during my first conferences I was shy to speak and contribute with my ideas in the conversations. Through my experiences it can be seen that collaborative learning involves more than the intention of both parts to work
When students work in groups there may be some arguments about individual opinions and ideas. It is almost impossible for people to work in groups to always agree. In cooperative goal structures students may have problems agreeing on how to meet group goals (Johnson, 2003, p. 11). Not everyone thinks alike so this would be an obvious conflict that could arise, especially when everyone must agree unanimously since it is a group effort and the outcome represents everyone. Another disadvantage that I found in my research was when working in groups some may want to socialize or slack off more. Some students may do less because they know that others will cover their load because they don’t want to fail. This is called social loafing. Anderson suggest a way to eliminate this is, “to have total individual accountability which eliminates positive interdependence which is the basis of cooperative work” (Anderson, 2006, p. 7). Since cooperative learning structure has so many other benefits, I don’t think this is a viable
My goal as a teacher is to improve my student’s education and help them grow knowledgably. I like to see students at different levels develop with each other and learn. I want to challenge the students and watch them grow to their highest level of education. Therefore, having the students in groups is the best educational strategy I like to use a lot. I want my students to have freedom with whatever creativity they want, and to allow them to express themselves at any time. With this freedom students will be able to experiment with likes and dislikes and be able to figure their weaknesses and strengths. Education is for everyone and it’s a right by low for all; teachers, on the other hand, should do their jobs very honestly and effectively.