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Summary of literature review on conflict
Characteristics of functional and dysfunctional conflict
Sources of conflict in interpersonal relation
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It is interesting how people understand, interpret, and behave in conflict. There are psychological processes that influence conflict interaction through human behavior at a sub-conscious level. Psychodynamic perspective is the way aggressive impulses and anxiety is channeled, which plays a critical role in conflict communication because the energy determines how someone reacts to conflict. The energy must be managed. For example, aggressive energy from feelings of guilt or lack of self-worth will raise a person’s heart beat and tense up their muscles. It can cause a fight or flight response. There are strategies for dealing with aggression and anxiety, for example, suppression or displacement of the aggressive energy and stress. The psychodynamic …show more content…
For instance, aggressive impulses and anxiety in any situation must be managed. A displacement is a favorable option because conflicts typically occur more often with people who are valued to the other party. Displacement allows a person to direct aggression towards something else other than the other party involved. However, it is not a good idea to displace aggression onto another individual who is not participating in the situation. Though, it is beneficial for a person to displace aggression from a person to a thing or activity. Aggression can be released in many different ways. For example, some people may find running or yoga to be a stress reliever that releases aggression and anxiety. On the other hand, some may find reading or gardening to be beneficial. Suppression is not useful over an extended period. Feelings or thoughts may be suppressed for a long time, but there is a chance that they come back with a vengeance. A person may temporarily suppress their anger and frustration, but it is important that a person channels the energy out in a productive way. It may be beneficial to suppress anger and anxiety temporarily until it can be displaced in a constructive and fruitful
As mentioned earlier I would start my discussion with a very prominent emotion called Anger. Anger is defined as a person’s response to a threat or the perception of a threat against an individual or group. Anger is an emotion that is often difficult to control because of the intense physiological reactions involved in the fight or flight response that triggers anger. The fight response is a response triggered naturally by the body to protect itself against the instigating situation (Lazarus, 1991). In the novel The Great Gatsby Fitzgerald narrates two important incidents that stand as a fine example for expressing anger with violence i.e., 1) Tom hits Myrtle 2) Wilson kills Jay Gatsby.
Stress-management. Humans usually react on impulse without giving a thought of what they are about to do or what they are about to say. If we give enough time to think if our actions or words would hurt others, then our violent behaviors will be reduced. One strategy that really works well is by keeping silent when you're at the peak of your emotion. When you are angry, frustrated, depressed, or hurt, it is much better to keep silent for a while. If you are already able to think clearly, that's the time that you ought to confront the person
Walmart can be studied using structure functional theory and social conflict theories. Social functional theory is the relationships among parts of society and how these parts are functional(have beneficial consequences) or dysfunctional (have negative consequences. Most Americans today love to shop at Walmart because they continue to give consumers the best prices on over 120,000 products and are one stop shopping.
This essay will provide an analytical comparison of the approaches of Psychodynamic perspective and Behaviourist perspective, in understanding Aggression. One assumption about human behaviour from the psychodynamic perspective is that all behaviour including aggression is determined by our genes. In contrast, the behaviourist perspective argues that aggression is shaped by our environment.
Did you know that in 2014, shoplifting and worker’s theft cost the retail industry a loss of thirty-two billion dollars (Wahba, 2015)? According Wahba “a common misperception about shoplifting is that retailers can ‘afford’ the loss of a candy bar or a pair of jeans” (2015). This type of reasoning certainly does make more sense when explained through the context of a criminological theory. For example according to the Rational Choice theory individuals weigh the costs and benefits associated with a criminal and or deviant act and then make a conscious choice. Other criminological theories explain criminal and deviant behavior using a biological, psychological, social, conflict, or multifactor component. Taking that into consideration in this
“We all fight on two fronts, the one facing the enemy, the other facing what we do to the enemy” (Boyden 199).
As one of the oldest social psychology theories, the Realistic Conflict Theory deals with the conflict and hostility that is projected to arise between individuals or groups competing over the same limited resources. Therefore, a resource, opportunity, or even goal, becomes harder to obtain, the amount of aggression is projected to increase as well. This theory is not only visible in many everyday situations, but it also established a basis for which discrimination and prejudice can be partly explained.
Freud believes that aggression is a primal instinct, and civilization thwarts this instinct, making man unhappy. Civilized society controls man's tendency toward aggression through rules and laws and the presence of authority. These mechanisms are put in place to guarantee safety and happiness for all individuals in a society. However, the necessity of suppressing the aggressive drive in m...
In therapy for people that have anger problems or aggression problems, is the use of anger management techniques useful in gaining control of such behaviors? Is the use of cathartic techniques useful in controlling angry behavior? An interventional study made by Professor Dr. D. Eckstein and Dr. D. Mitchell, (2009) will discuss an interesting study using the process of incorporating mindfulness in Buddhist psychological principles and conventional Western
Because people feel less angry, they use psychological aggression to regulate emotions. Ryan, Jeff, Jeniimarie, Hope, Amanda and Gregory (2012) have examined the consequences of psychological aggression. Evidence suggest that perpetrators of psychological aggression perpetration perceived and reported experiencing reinforcement. They found that 42.6% reported feeling less furious, 31.3% felt less baffled, 31.3% felt less agitated, 30.1% felt more quiet, 25.7% were less focused on, 25.4% felt less aggravated and 17.7% felt less miserable. The results indicate that the number of consequences may be punishing for all the female participants.
Introducing a Social Problem One of the most significant social problems in the United States since World War II has been the abuse of illegal drugs. Under the federal law, there are many drugs that are illegal, ranging from mind-affecting drugs, for example marijuana, strong highly addictive drugs, such as heroin or crack cocaine. The top four most dangerous highly addictive drugs are Heroin, Crack cocaine, Crystal meth, and Bath salts. Heroin along with the other drugs, is an opioid drug made from morphine, a natural substance taken from the seed pod of the Asian opium poppy plant, heroin is very deadly when you take too much.
The field of psychology has opened different hypothesis from a variety of theories with the aim of studying the behaviour of humans being as a result they concluded with five psychological perspectives. Behaviourist, Biological, Psychodynamic, Cognitive and Humanistic perspectives are the deduction after a depth study of mental activity associate to human behaviour. In this essay I will be comparing two psychological perspectives according to aggressive behaviour.
In many situations, we simply need to disconnect from our emotions and perform the task at hand, but this is never an easy feat. For example, in the professional world individuals need to put their emotions and opinions aside as they can cause bad working relationships with coworkers or could even upset their boss. Similarly, individuals must learn ignore and prevent negative moods from altering and affecting their behavior and sediments. For instance, in a toxic workplace environment the negative mood of one or two people can affect the mood of everyone they come in contact with causing a cascade of negativity to spreading amongst them. In order to combat this, individuals need to ignore and control their own emotional responses to such negativity to prevent their emotional state from being deteriorated. Likewise, individuals need to be able to compose themselves in states of high emotion to prevent over reaction and blurring of judgment. As previously stated, emotions were an evolutionary adaptation indented to produce autonomic states of adaptability and responsiveness, which can be very beneficial at times. However, if a person cannot recover from this heightened state of emotion, there can be countless negative consequences. In a threatening situation we might respond with self-defense to prevent harm to ourselves or to others, but we also need to
According to McShane and Von Glinow, conflict is “a process in which one party perceives that his or her interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party” (328). The Conflict Process Model begins with the different sources of conflict; these sources lead one or more parties to perceive that a conflict exists. These perceptions interact with emotions and manifest themselves in the behavior towards other parties. The arrows in the figure illustrate the series of conflict episodes that cycle into conflict escalation (McShane and Von Glinow 331-332).
Aggression is the human behaviour of one that is directed towards another with the intention to cause harm (Anderson & Bushman, 2002). Violence is aggression with the intention to cause extreme harm (Anderson & Bushman, 2002). There are mainly two types of aggression. Firstly is hostile aggression which is an unplanned form of aggression which occurs as a reaction. Instrumental aggression on the other hand is a pre-planned form of aggression which has other goals than merely harming the victim (Anderson & Bushman, 2002). In this essay, we will view three different psychological theories of aggression. They are the biological phenomenon of aggression, aggression as a form of response to frustration and finally aggression as a learned social