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Communicative language teaching principles
Importance of communication in teaching and learning
Communicative Language Teaching
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earners are expected to participate in collaborative classroom activities .They are supposed to be active participants in the language learning process .Hu (2002) asserts that the roles of students inside the classroom are supposed to be “those of negotiators for meaning, communicators, discoverers, and contributors of knowledge and information” (pp.95-96).Similarly, Mangubhi et al. (2004) assert in their description of students and teacher’s roles in CLT classroom that students are strongly engaged in expression, interpretation , and negotiation of meaning whereas the teacher serves as a facilitator and participant inside the language classroom.
3-3 Communicative Teaching Approach and CMC It is linguistically agreed upon that the orientation
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It is an asynchronous form of communication through which the written messages are typed via computer keyboard, and read as text on computer screen. The Email has been called the “mother of all internet applications” (Warschauer, Seltzer, and Melon, 2000, p.3) due to the benefits it offers .Email has been applied in language learning, and proved to be an effective medium , since it can provide students with immediate feedback .It allows students to discuss and communicate directly , cheaply , quickly , and reliably .Moreover , it enables students to have more control over their messages ;they can plan , compose, edit and deliver them better than in face-to-face communication .Email can reduce leaners ‘anxiety (Kern, 1995), and facilitate social learning (Belz, 2002), improve writing skills (Warschauer, 1996), and facilitate communication (Cooper & Selfe, …show more content…
Youtube can be integrated in foreign language learning due to the benefits it can offer to facilitate the learning process. It can show authentic examples of how the target language is being used by everyday people. This will therefore will make the learners differentiate between the formal style and the informal one. Furthermore, it improves the learners’ listening skills. Thus, Youtube is an audiovisual aid that attracts the students’ attention and involves them in a perfect atmosphere to promote authentic
In the article, “Does Texting Affect Writing?”, the author Michaela Cullington conveys her speculation that texting does not correlate to how students write formal essays. At the beginning of the article Cullington introduces the term texting and the convenience texting brings. Later expressing her concern that the texting language “Textspeak” is actually affecting students writing; then contradicts these views by using primary and secondary sources (news articles, books, her own surveys and research). In addition, she uses an anecdote to tell of her own experience with texting and writing. Together with other evidences and research put together, she uncovers the debate between textspeak and formal writing. On the basis of her research, she concludes that the state of texting does not interfere with writing or writing abilities.
Text messaging has become a norm in our generation, as technology rapidly advances and gives way to more efficient forms of communication in a fast-paced world; and many are skeptical about the influence this new form of interaction is having on our society, especially with our younger generation. David Crystal, a professor at the University of Wales, writes “2b or Not 2b?” in support of text messaging. He insists, despite those who underestimate or negate the beneficial influence text messaging has on language proficiency, that “there is increasing evidence that [texting] helps rather than hinders literacy” and that the fairly recent form of communication has actually been around for a while and “is merely the latest manifestation of the human ability to be linguistically creative and to adopt language to suit the demands of diverse settings. In contrast, Jeffery Kluger argues in “We Never Talk Anymore: The Problem with Text Messaging” that text messaging is rapidly becoming a substitute for more genuine forms of communication and is resulting in difficulty among young peoples of our generation to hold a face-to-face conversation, engage in significant nonverbal expression, and ultimately build effective relationships with family, friends and co-workers. Both writers’ present valid arguments, however, my personal experience with text messaging has led me to agree more with Crystal’s view on the matter. Text messaging is indeed having a positive effect on society by making frequent texters primarily aware of the need to be understood, as well as offering betterment of spelling and writing through practice, and reinventing and expanding on a bygone dimension of our language through the use of rebuses and abbreviations.
Shipley,David, Schwalbe, Will. “How to Write (the Perfect) Email” The Norton Mix: The Global University. A Custom Publication. W.W Norton, 2013.273-282. Print.
In cullington’s article, it is evident textspeak has led to an increase in the neglect of punctuation, grammatical errors, and lack of emotion in formal writing. However, another argument comes up that textspeak is beneficial to students’ writing skills. Such an argument sees textspeak as a way of self-expression that allows an individual to create a voice that is carefully expressed and constructed. As such, textspeak, as brought by new technologies spurs creativity and supports the utilization of creative thinking skills to allow the students to come up with new ways of expressing themselves. Additionally, Cullington’s article acknowledges the accomplishment of the creation and invention of the new language of communication.
“Language learning is a process of developing new resources for meaning-making, and language learners need opportunities for participation in meaningful activities and interaction supported by consciousness-raising and explicit attention to language itself in all its complexity and variability” (Schleppegrell, 2013.
“Our generation doesn't ring the doorbell. They text or call to say they're outside,” this line is from one of the well-known social networks, Tweeter, which shows how the way of communication has change in this modern life. According to 2013 statistics by Business Insider, in United States alone, smartphone owners aged 18 to 24 send 2,022 texts per month on average — 67 texts on a daily basis — and receive another 1,831 texts (Cocotas). Nowadays, technology such as text messaging has practically replaced traditional face to face communication among the society primarily in young generations because texting allows messages to be sent fast and effortless. In order to quickly type what they are trying to say in text messaging, people are frequently using textspeak; the language created by using abbreviation rather than complete words. Based on this phenomenon, David Crystal, an honorary professor of linguistics at the University of Wales has published an article entitled ‘2b or not 2b?’ in the Guardian on July 5, 2008 comes out with the research and studies that state texting can actually improve the literacy of children and create creativity of writing. However, by observing more critically, texting do decrease a person’s ability to switch between textspeak and the normal rules of grammar and adversely affect formal writing and conversational skills.
Computer has made the life easier by providing various applications and technologies. For example, while computer has replaced typewriter, it helps the students to become a better writer as they can “revise text, rearrange paragraphs, and experiment with the tone and shape of an essay” () while using word processing. Thus, the computer helps the students to improvise their writing. Human relationship with co...
Everything we do in our life involves communication because it is a way for a sender to send message to the receiver by verbal and non-verbal communication. However, in some parts of the world messages that are delivered sometimes are not received in a way it is supposed to. A way to solve this is by using competent communicator and intercultural communication because it makes it easier for people from other cultures to communicate in general. On the other hand, there are also some problems faced because different cultures have different ways to express their way of communication. By understanding these types of communication and by defining them may solve this dilemma. In addition to that, there are also types of communication to consider that are commonly used, which is Proxemics, Gestures and body language.
...is approach, the flip classroom is combined with Freire’s problem solving approach for second language learners (Marshall and DeCapua, 2013). The students are presented with a stimulus at the beginning of the session such as a photo or a story. The students explore the problem presented in the stimuli and how it relates to them. They are then required to bring to the problem the knowledge and understanding that they possess. Gaps in their understanding are revealed through peer interaction. The learners are then presented with the resource that they will need to explore in their own time and how it might assist them in bridging the identified gaps. This approach can be used to explore the cultural dissonance and discomfort that an ESL learner might experience. The active learning that is promoted improves the second language acquisition (Gass and Mackey, 20006).
Thus, the book answers numerous practical questions that teachers have often struggled with; for example, how to increase the chances of academic success for language learners, how to use technology to teach language effectively, or how to teach language and content material concurrently. From the preface, the author makes it very clear that the book is designed to support language teachers in their journey as new teachers and throughout their teaching careers. In total, the book contains eleven chapters, which have been divided into four parts. The first part, "What Do Language Teachers Think About?" includes topics of foreign/ second language acquisition theories and language teaching methodologies. This part introduces the background knowledge readers will need in their journey as language teachers. The second part, "How Do You Teach a Language?" introduces approaches to teaching and learning that improve students’ writing, listening, speaking and reading abilities. Each chapter in this part includes suggestions for how students can be motivated and describes teaching and testing approaches to assess students ' language skills and academic literacy. The third part, "How Do I Know What to Teach?" is instrumental in helping teachers adopt teaching practices to particular teaching settings. The fourth part, "Where Do I Go from Here?" helps teachers gain a clearer perspective of what language teaching is all about; this section also considers teacher 's self-assessment and personal
On balance, the language in its written form is the center of attention and the pivotal responsibility of the learners is to comprehend the structure and rules of the language whose parts are dissected and analyzed. Coupled with intellectual effort and deductive reasoning, the form is of greater importance than communication. Likewise, teaching and learning are technical and inextricably linked with a syllabus.In the same way, error correction is steadfast in leaving little room for the quality of being spontaneous. In closing, the teacher is an authority figure, but the participation of the student is predominantly passive despite this.For one thing, the student will learn how to make interrogative and negative sentences, memorize irregular verbs, study modal verbs, learn how to form the perfect tense, etc., but hardly ever understands the use of these structures in conversation. In the case of language learning, one may be able to recite the fact when specifically asked, but is unlikely to use this knowledge in conversation. Importantly, Krashen insists that language acquisition does not require extensive use of conscious grammatical rules and does not require
Along with using the World Wide Web for researching purposes, e-mail has become a very commonly used feature. Students and teachers can communicate outside of the classroom any time of day. In addition, this also opens up the idea of an online community center.
...lanations, whereas the teacher serves as a prompter. We can say that both the teacher and the learner are participants in the presentation. Furthermore the teacher plays the role of a resource, giving ready-to-use answers. They also need to remain vigilant all the time. Teachers draw conclusions about their students. Additionally they are performers playing the role of actors, where learners are vivid viewers of their way of presenting L2. Besides using mime and gestures teachers are treated as teaching aids. They work using their body as a tool for presenting new grammar material. Furthermore teachers serve as language models so the language that the students are exposed to does not come exclusively from teaching materials such as textbooks but from the teacher as well. Additionally teachers provide feedback and comprehensible input playing the role of providers.
Long, M, H. & Doughty, C, J. ( Eds.).(2009). The Handbook of Language Teaching. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Technology demonstrates a vast impact on how well people will think, learn and interact. The development of technology involved in the classroom yields to advancement for communication and collaboration within the educational community. This involvement will focus on each group; students, parents, community and global community. The detailed information in this draft will clearly describe my plans for each group’s engagement in my classroom communication plan, addressing internet security and safety plans that will lead to an education of quality learning.