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Advantages of human genetic engineering
Advantages of human genetic engineering
Advantages of human genetic engineering
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Everyone has likely already heard the name Monsanto, the largest seed distributor in the world. Nearly fifty percent of all seeds in the world are owned by only three corporations. These companies account for trillions in fertilizer, pesticide, seed patents and herbicide sales annually. These companies have been building a seed empire within the food industry for over thirty years now and they have plans to patent every seed with biotechnology. Thoreau wrote in his book, “The condition of the operatives is becoming every day more like that of the English; and it cannot be wondered at, since, as far as I have heard or observed, the principal object is, not that mankind may be well and honestly clad, but, unquestionably, that the corporations …show more content…
To get his shoestrings he speculates in herds of cattle.” Thoreau could foresee the impact that altering the genes of these plants could have on a society. The most misleading hopes proclaimed by GM technology firms is that this will help solve the world’s hunger. Granted some of this technology does offer higher single crop yields, but traditional farming techniques generally produce higher yields per acre. In a study done on 8,200 fields, by The Board of Agriculture at the National Academy of Sciences former board of director, Charles Benbrook, Roundup Ready soybeans yielded fewer bushels of beans than non-GM. They grew five different strains of Monsanto soy plants in four different places with varied soil types The study found that the average yield for non-GM soybeans was 51.21 bushels per acre and 49.26 for GM. This was confirmed later in another study at the University of Nebraska 's Institute of Agricultural Resources. "The numbers were clear," stated Dr. Elmore, the head director of the study. They found that on average GM seeds, which are more expensive, produced six percent less than non-GM relatives, and eleven percent less than the highest yielding conventional crops. The yield for Bt corn, however, in other studies was higher. But this did not lead to greater profit because GM related costs in terms of insecticides, fertilizer and labor were …show more content…
Jacqueline Pongracic, wrote “ I’ve been treating patients in the field of allergy immunology for fifteen years and in recent years I’ve really seen the rates of food allergy skyrocketed(Sheehann). Estimates show that twelve million Americans have serious food allergies as evidenced by abnormal blood immunoglobulin levels. In 1996, Brazilian nut genes were placed into soybeans in order to provide additional protein called methionine. However, some individuals are so allergic to the nut, they can actually go into anaphylactic shock. Following several incidences the product was removed from the market before any actual fatalities occurred(Lacey). A study released in 2013 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, food allergies among children increased approximately fifty percent between 1997 and 2011("Facts and Statistics - Food Allergy Research & Education"). However, FDA officials who are entrusted to protect the health of the general public have gone against the advice of their own scientist to test for allergies and have declared genetically modified foods are essentially equivalent to regular foods. Many research studies have positively confirmed this kind of overall risk for genetically modified foods. Two research studies showed that farm workers who were exposed to genetically modified Bt corn sprays exhibited extensive allergic reactions. Another study that lasted over a decade showed that genetically modified peas caused allergic lung damage in mice, the
Though every major scientific regulatory oversight body in the world has concluded that GMO foods are harmless, the public remains deeply suspicious, fearing that such food may cause cancer or allergies. Caitlin Shetterly, one of the worried public, wrote an article in Elle magazine, claiming that genetically modified foods could cause allergic reactions, and that consumers face unknown and unacceptable risks from new, yet-to-be-identified allergens that our government’s monitoring program, compromised by industry, is not designed to pick up. The evidence Shetterly provided was the subsidence of her symptoms of eosinophilic disorder after she stripped all corn from her diet, which convinced her the cause-and-effect between eating genetically modified corn and the allergic reactions. She tried to prove her arguments by interviewing a ran...
From a pipe dream of the son of two immigrants comes one of the largest chemical engineering companies of our time. John Francis Queeny was born in Chicago in August of 1859. It is hard to believe that a man with only six years of public school education created such a vast empire. In 1871 the Queeny family was devastated by the Great Chicago Fire, the buildings that his father owned and rented out were, of course, totally destroyed, thus ending the rather comfortable life of the Queeny family. John was forced to drop out of school and find a job. After little avail he finally found employ at the drug Firm of Tolman and King for 2.50 a week. (Forrestal 12).
Thesis Statement: Research suggests that GMO's (genetically modified organisms/products) could be harmful for people and the environment because of their potential to produce new allergens, increase toxicity, decrease nutritional value, and increase bacterial antibiotic resistance. Bakshi, A. K. (2003). Potential adverse health effects of genetically modified crops. Journal Of Toxicology And Environmental Health,Part B, 6, 211-225. Retrieved from http://globalseminarhealth.wdfiles.com/local--files/nutrition/Bakshi.pdf This article is one of the pioneering research papers that addresses the potential negative impact of genetically modified crops.
The word GMO stands for Genetically-Modified Organism and can also be referred to as Genetically Engineered foods, Genetically Modified Foods, and Biotech. Genetically engineered foods are created when one desired trait is isolated and introduced to another plant by inserting the certain gene. The process, considered genetic breeding, and is much more precise than the regular breeding. While GMOs have been in food for 20 years, currently, the controversy and genetically engineered farms are larger than ever. 82% of Americans want GMOs labeled, but majority fail to understand them (Swanson). 90% of all US grown corn, canola, soybeans, and sugar beets have DNA bits from the lab (Woolston). The United States is the top GMO growing country with 70 million hectares of land dedicated to these farms. (Lee). These modified crops and plants for human and animals are created mainly for withstand herbicides or to produce an insectide. “No GMO traits are on the market for bigger yields, drought resistance, enhanced nutrition or any other consumer benefit” (Burnham). Overall, GE foods’ main purpose is to save money for large corporations.
Supporters of Genetically modified crops, which consists of biotechnology companies and agricultural researchers, contend that the usage...
This chapter focused on GMOs and the “Green Revolution”. After World War II, hybrid crops developed in order to produce higher yields, and this temporarily helped fight hunger in some parts of the world. However, this did not last forever and eventually hunger returned, so companies moved towards GMOs. At first, many farmers rejected it because it had so many downsides. For example, the conditions were almost never right for the crops, they required irrigation which lead to water competition, they required monocropping which destroyed biodiversity, and they required expensive fertilizers which pushed poorer farmers off their land. The seeds had another downside. Chemical companies engineered the seeds in a way that they would not be able to be replanted. I remember talking about this in the beginning of the year with Pollan’s book about how companies who sold seeds had to make a profit somehow, so they made it to where farmers had to keep buying seeds. With this, I understand that companies have to make money, but it also makes it difficult for the farmer having to keep purchasing seeds. Another thing that came up in this chapter was university research. Biotech companies give large contributions to university research in order to basically bribe them to make their results industry friendly. The Food and Drug Administration states that they believe corporations have done all the necessary testing to make sure it is safe. Therefore, research on GMOs is being done by companies trying to sell them or universities who want research grants. In my opinion, I do not believe this is the proper way to making sure GMOs are safe, but I guess it is how companies make
...to be resistant to the company's own Roundup herbicide This means that farmers are utterly dependent on Monsanto; a situation similar as with the United States. The biggest adversaries of GM soybeans are environmentalist. For example, floods are happening because of soya farming in the region of Santa Fe and Chaco where the Salado River begins. The deforestation and the low permeability of the soil used in soya farming contributed to more channeling more water into the river. On the other side, people claim that GM crops are required to fight hunger in poor and developing countries. Evidence shows otherwise. GM crops have increased the use of pesticides while increasing poverty. Over 170,000 famers have had to quit on their lands because they couldn’t compete with big GM farmers, thus leading to more poverty. Also, herbicides have introduced new health problems.
Compare the benefits of growing GM seeds for crops with the potential negative consequences of using them.
Soy consumption is a controversial topic, mainly due to the way soy is processed. In 1995, farmers started using genetically modified organisms (GMOs) to grow soy in larger quantities. GMOs allow farmers to increase the plant’s output to meet the demand for a growing population and for food manufacturing. Compared to 1995, almost 90% of soy plants today are grown using GMO seeds. Not only are soy products harmful for consumption, any GMO based product poses health risks to consumers. GMOs are linked to cause cancer, digestion problems, and other health concerns. Unfortunately, GMOs are the cheapest method to produce this food in bulk to meet the demand of the market. Considering 90% of soy is grown by GMOs, the public’s concern of soy’s harmful effects on the body is an understandable argument.
Steinbeck's warnings posed in The Grapes of Wrath continue to ring true today as large corporations continue to primarily care about gaining profit instead of the world around them. In the Grapes of Wrath itself, Steinbeck consistently pointed out the horrible outcome of farmers consolidating farms to the point that only a few farmers own large tracts of land. At this point, Steinbeck considered these farmers to "really [become] [storekeepers] as they would "[pay] the men" and "sell them food" but would end up "[taking] the money back" or not even "[paying] the men at all" (Steinbeck 3). The problem with this is that the farmers only seemed to care about gaining money instead of the welfare of their workers as the workers would need to be completing
Monsanto’s largest competitors are BASF SE, Syngenta, and Bayer CropScience. Monsanto’s efficient and effective support activities for crop production have led to becoming one of the prominent companies in the industry. Product performance (in particular, crop vigor and yield for our row crops and quality for our vegetable seeds), customer support and service, intellectual property rights and protection, product availability and planning and price are important elements of Monsanto’s market success in seeds. In addition, distributor, retailer and farmer relationships are important in the United States and many other countries. The primary factors underlying the competitive success of traits are performance and commercial viability; timeliness of introduction; value compared with other practices and products; market coverage; service provided to distributors, retailers and farmers; governmental approvals; value capture; public acceptance; and environmental characteristics.
Bio.org claims that farmers enjoy a far greater financial reward when using increasingly “greener” farming practice only made possible thought the use of agricultural biotechnology. Apparently, traditional soybean, soybean and corn require impressive amounts of sprays to control insects and greater tilling to control weeds. Because of those facts, Biotech soybean, Biotech cotton and Biotech corn have been selected in far greater quantities by –supposedly- savvy farmer- with 91 percent, 88 percent and 85 percent adoption rates respectively. Additionally the amount of insectside used worldwide has plummeted by 15 percent. There are more benefits that are not just advantageous to the farmer – there are some that target the consumer. According to the University of Hawaii Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences’ genetic engineering has led to the development of soybeans with higher protein content. In the works is also a form of rice known as” golden rice”, targeted at people in developing countries who traditionally have limited access to Vitamin A, that produces beta
"Monsanto uses patent law to control most of U.S. corn, soy seed market." Cleveland National News. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2009. .
If crops were affected by droughts, disease and insects, having destroyed many acres across America’s Midwest region, the use of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) would not be beneficial in regenerating new crops. Genetically modifying foods (GMOs) “are plants or animals that have been genetically engineered with DNA from bacteria, viruses or other plants and animals that cannot occur in nature or in traditional crossbreeding” (nongmoproject.org). Most research done has concluded no positive benefits in using GMOs. There are serious health risks associated with eating GM foods based on scientific research done around the world. The purpose of GMOs are to increase production of crop yield and reduce pesticide use but research says otherwise. If farmers wanted to continue using GMOs to produce crops, labeling should be mandatory to allow consumers to have a conscious choice whether or not to eat GM food. Through research it has been proven that the use of GMOs to increased production of crops during a time of drought or disease have no benefits, just risks.
It is evident that the majority of American farmers utilize biotech seeds, because of the risks that the insect resistant and herbicide resistant traits help reduce. GMO's make the life of a farmer much easier as they do not have to worry about rushing to spray herbicides, to keep weeds out, or worrying about insects damaging crops and having to spray pesticides. For instance, Brian Scott a farmer in Indiana, when corn root worms starts indulging on his organic crops, the worms will cause a significant damage before he can react accordingly and eliminate the problem with the use of chemicals. These corn root worms won't affect Scott's insect resistant GMO corn because the pesticide is always in the plant. In addition, the GM corn was created only to harm a small group of insects and this allows for other beneficial insects to survive and assist the crops, since Scott did not have to spray pesticides. Farmers use GM crops mainly because of a reliability issue, not only are biotech plants easier to maintain, but they are less likely to cause a devastating loss. To a point where even insurance companies will provide farmers with lower premiums. Troy Rausch, another Indiana farmer, states "... when you're delayed by a couple weeks by rain like we were this year, the GM traits come in awfully handy for weed control". The GM traits are of much benefit to Rausch as they eliminate the need for him to utilize his time and combat against pesky weeds. The use of GMO's in the agricultural space eliminates many risks that would be common in conventionally bred