Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
How do family decisions help influence identity
How gender effects identity
How gender effects identity
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: How do family decisions help influence identity
“all ideology hails or interpellates concrete individuals as concrete subjects, by the functioning of the category of the subject”. (Althusser 160)
The interpellation process, as introduced by Althusser, is a process where individuals recognize themselves through ideology. Althusser explains this by giving an example of the police hailing “Hey, you there!” The hailed individual would then turn around and by doing this, “he becomes a subject”. It should also be noted that the recognition is mutual: when the Subject recognizes him as a subject, the subject also needs to accept his subject-hood to the Subject. According to Althusser, subjects are constantly constituted by Ideological State Apparatuses (ISAs) such as the family, educational institutions and media.
The most relevant example that I usually think of is the functioning of gender. As argued by Teresa de Lauretis , Althusser’s statement (as quoted above) can still work if we simply change “ideology” into “gender”: gender functions the same way as ideologies do because it constitutes “concrete individuals as men and women”(19...
In Aria: A Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood, the author Richard Rodriguez argues that since there is a lack of bilingual education taught in American schools, many students face a loss of intimacy to their native language, leaving them identifiable-less. He makes this claim by expressing that although native language can cause divisions in communication, it is the basis structure to a person.
Ideology is created by the double-movement of idealization and desire. The model, the idealized Capitalist figure for the self, creates its own ideological structure as a means to selfing, as an objectified desired on the official apparatus of the communication and creation of Capitalist ideology, the television screen:
We hear and read doublespeak every day, but what, exactly is doublespeak? William Lutz in “The World of Doublespeak” argues that “doublespeak is a language that makes the bad seem good, the negative appear positive, the unpleasant appear attractive” (389). Instead of making something sound miserable doublespeak insists on making it tolerable. Therefore doublespeak is a danger to the world and can interpret many ideas in different ways that can backwash and hide the truth. Doublespeak could also sound so real that someone will not recognize it as doublespeak it is used in many aspects such as commercials, advertisements, and even campaigns to mislead people. Also it is a technique everyone falls victim to but not everyone is aware of it. We
Another difficulty cultures deal with is language and the way people speak. In some cases, people struggle to belong by making changes in the way they speak the English language just to be assimilated. They attempt to use words and letters, as well as body language that fit in the norm; all in an attempt to denounce their original intonation and style of pronunciation. One ...
To apply the political term "authoritarian" to an ontological account may at first seem to be a simple category mistake. However, this first impression fails to recognize that many of the terms that have come
Before we ask ourselves why ideology has become such an important concept in the modern age, let’s first see how different authors in different times have defined ideology. I combined the most thoughtful and influential definitions that circulate within the social sciences in the postwar decades. All these definitions have revealed the extent to which ideology remains a very flexible conceptual tool. To some of the authors, ideology is dogmatic, while the others say it carries connotations of political experience. Others think its basis is of concrete interests of a social class while others say it is a characteristic of an absence of economic interests. In the book titled “The Authoritarian Personality”, ideology has been defined as an organization of attitudes, opinions and values. It is a way of thinking about people and their society with respect to the different areas of social life: economics, politics, minority groups, religion and so forth (Adorno, 1950). Loewenstein also defined ideology as a consistent integrated patterns of belief and thoughts that explains man’s
subject is contextualised into a cultural theory that includes culture as a reality. Thus, Bataille uses the term
Continuing on the suggestion that theory and neutrality cannot coincide, Cox elaborates by describing each theory as having a perspective which is derived from a “social and political time and space” (Cox, 1981: 128). These perspectives stick to theory, but do not always lead them. “Sophisticated theory is never just the expression of perspective” (Cox, 1981: 128), and therefore, even though theory may have a perspective and ‘some purpose’, this does not mean it cannot transcend it. However, it will still be there in the background, aware of social pressures that present themselves as problems to the consciousness (Cox, 1981). The nature of theory is to be aware of these problems, and to serve two possible purposes; provide a guide of tactical
In a movie Monsters University (Dan Scanlon, 2013) the Althusser’s Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses theory can be seen through representing the influence of ideology by Ideological State Apparatus’ institutions that mostly impact on characters rather than influence of Repressive State Apparatus (Louise Althusser, 1970).
This section presents a brief historical overview on the concept of ideology from its original sources to sophisticated definitions taking the hermeneutic method as granted.
In a sense, postsemiotic theory implies that class has intrinsic meaning, but only if the premise of postmodern materialism is valid; otherwise, Lyotard's model of the subcapitalist paradigm of reality is one of "cultural Marxism", and therefore part of the dialectic of sexuality. Marx promotes the use of subsemantic cultural theory to deconstruct hierarchy. However, Lacan's model of the subcapitalist paradigm of reality holds that consciousness is capable of intent. Von Junz[4] states that we have to choose between subsemantic cultural theory and Sontagist camp.
Moreover, Fairclough has highlighted the fact that language is highly manipulative in nature as it is used as an agent of hegemony. By hegemony, the sub-ordinate class is made to think that the dominant group has all the rights to rule over them and to deal them as per their choice and interests. Such mindset is shaped by using several ideological means. Gramsci (1996) opines that the ruling
Language has pioneered many interracial relationships and historical milestones. Language is a necessity for basic communication and cultural diversity. Being multilingual is a skill proven influential to a successful future. Due to rapid globalization, countries all over the world are stressing the importance of learning a second, or even third, language. With the exception of time and lack of resources, adults have very few widely applicable disadvantages to learning multiple languages. However, language learning as a child presents more complications. Some of those include not having enough funding at the elementary school level to introduce a program for secondary language, academic overload for the youth, stress for both the parent and student parties, and the mixing of languages. Not all of these complications are true in any or all situations, however, and the absence of them provides multitudes of opportunity for future career and academic success. Ultimately, it is the responsibility of the parents or the education legislation to decide whether they encourage the learning of a secondary language at the young age necessary for retention. “The general consensus is that it takes between five to seven years for an individual to achieve advanced fluency,” therefore the younger a child begins to learn, the more likely they are to benefit to the maximum potential (Robertson). Keeping the language learning in high school or beginning the process earlier is a greatly controversial discussion that is important to address because of the topic’s already lengthy suspension.
According to the same author, ideologies are manifested in the social practices of the group they define,
Standardization of the English Language There are several important events before 1500 that, when listed together, show a series of steps in the struggle for English language supremacy. These steps are mainly governmental, legal and official events that pushed English usage. In 1356 The Sheriff's Court in London and Middlesex were conducted in English for the first time. When Parliament opened in 1362 the Statute of Pleading was issued declaring English as a language of the courts as well as of Parliament, but it was not until 1413 that English became the official language of the courts everywhere. Thirteen years later in 1423, Parliament records start being written in English.