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An essay on propaganda
An essay about propaganda
An essay on propaganda
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We hear and read doublespeak every day, but what, exactly is doublespeak? William Lutz in “The World of Doublespeak” argues that “doublespeak is a language that makes the bad seem good, the negative appear positive, the unpleasant appear attractive” (389). Instead of making something sound miserable doublespeak insists on making it tolerable. Therefore doublespeak is a danger to the world and can interpret many ideas in different ways that can backwash and hide the truth. Doublespeak could also sound so real that someone will not recognize it as doublespeak it is used in many aspects such as commercials, advertisements, and even campaigns to mislead people. Also it is a technique everyone falls victim to but not everyone is aware of it. We …show more content…
There are many reasons why people use euphemism as mentioned by William Lutz in “The world of Doublespeak” states that “euphemism is an inoffensive or positive word or phrase used to avoid the harsh, unpleasant, or distasteful reality” (390). However as mentioned by Lutz in “The world of doublespeak” when a euphemism is used to mislead or deceive, it becomes doublespeak” (391). For example instead of saying we killed three people they would use the phrase we exterminated three intruders to mislead and confuse people especially the uneducated. Also as stated by William Lutz in “The World of Doublespeak” indicates that “when you use a euphemism because of your sensitivity for someone’s feelings or for a recognized social or cultural taboo, it is not doublespeak” (390). For instance, imagine someone told you I heard your grandpa died that would sound harsh, but if someone said I heard your grandpa passed away that sounds more respectable which is not considered doublespeak. Lutz finds the People who are responsible for euphemism doublespeak tend to be people that try to cover up the unpleasant, which are mainly the government, armies and the news. Next as stated by Lutz “it is a language designed to alter our perception of reality” …show more content…
William Lutz in “the world of doublespeak” states that jargon is the specialized language of a trade, profession, or similar group, such as that used by doctors, lawyers, engineers, or educators” (391). Also to someone not associated with a specific group and their language jargon will not make sense. It is often used by individuals who wish to sound more intelligent or important. As mentioned in “the world of doublespeak” by Lutz that “jargon as doublespeak often makes the simple sound complex” (391). For example, when the news says intruders instead of bad people or execution instead of killing or when lawyers use the term “involuntary conversion” of property when discussing the loss or destruction of property that is considered using jargon. Lutz finds mainly doctors, lawyers and high educators that are responsible for the spread of jargon
As John Ruskin once said, “The essence of lying is in deception, not in words.” This essence is debated in “The Ways We Lie”, written by Stephanie Ericsson, and “Doubts about Doublespeak”, written by William Lutz. In “The Ways We Lie”, Ericsson talks about the different ways people lie on a day to day basis. By comparison, in “Doubts about Doublespeak”, Lutz discusses the different forms of doublespeak that many individuals frequently use. Lutz considers doublespeak as a language that distorts the meaning of words in order to deceive another person, and only “pretends to communicate” (83). Although both authors agree that lying is about the use of deceptive language, Ericsson describes this use of language as occasionally being necessary,
Since the 1930’s until now, studies show that about 64% of kids and teens have been using slang terms in their school work. It is amazing what some of them are. Slang is used all of the time by almost all people and has changed a lot over the past decades. In To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee uses a child’s perspective to show how slang has changed from the 1930’s until today.
In “Tense Present: Democracy, English and the Wars over Usage,” David Foster Wallace argues that it would be ridiculous to assume “that American ceases to be elitist or unfair because Americans stop using certain vocabulary that is historically associated with elitism.” Just because society uses words that are less offensive does not mean that society has adopted attitudes that are less offensive. To clarify why such a fallacy is often heard, Wallace defines two functions for politically correct language “On the one hand they can be a reflection of political change, and on the other they can be an instrument of political change.” Usage conventions can be the result of change, or they can result in change. However, when one function occurs, the other does not, and vice versa. Care must be taken when determining the efficacy of politically correct terminology; it could either signal great strides being made in social justice, or it could be a superficial impersonation of human
Ultimately, the word choices a writer makes can impact the audience's feelings and expectations. Lunsford helps the reader understand when it is appropriate to use informal and formal language, and the different types of language that can be used to do this such as slang, colloquial, and jargon. Slang as explained by Lunsford, is a particularly informal form of language that has a tendency to change quickly and is used by a minimal amount of people. On the other hand, colloquial language is not as informal in comparison to slang and is more widely used. The author cautions writers' about using these forms of language, as both can cause the audience to misunderstand the intended message and even affect the writer's credibility. Alternatively, jargon is the vocabulary used by various occupations as a way for members of the field to simplify their communication. However Lunsford stresses, this type of communication should only be used for an appropriate audience as jargon can also become a hindrance. She advises the writer to first analyze the audience to ensure their ability to understand the jargon that will be used. Afterward Lunsford transitions into the explanations of pompous language, euphemisms, and doublespeak and when these types of language can be used effectively. As for pompous
Kelly Deschler is a 32-year-old woman who was born on March 4th, 1983. She is inspired by famous poets such as Edgar Allan Poe and Percy Shelley. Though she is not a publically recognised poet, she publishes poems on a website called the “poetry soup”. This website is an environment of encouragement and growth for skilled poets. She has written various genres of poems which are emotional and touching. “I have always been a shy person, so poetry is what really allowed me to express myself and I will hopefully have a book of my own someday,” she said.
Robin Lakoff is a linguistics professor at the University of California at Berkeley and the author of The Language War. She published an article in The New York Times on May 18, 2044 titled, “From Ancient Greece to Iraq, the Power of Words in Wartime.” Her purpose for writing the article was to give a snippet from her book, in which argues that the usage of nicknames makes it easier for someone to kill another human being because it makes them appear to be inferior. Lakoff uses example such as, “In World War I, the British gave the Germans the nickname “Jerries” (Lakoff 15). Therefore, it makes it easier for soldiers to kill their enemies.
The first example of loaded language that I have found is in an article written for the Star Tribune titled “Target layoffs will hit 1,700 today, with another 1,400 jobs going unfilled” by Evan Ramstad, John Ewoldt, and Kristen Leigh Painter. In the article, the writers use double speak when they use the word “downsizing” instead of firing employees. The article states “Target Corp. cut 1,700 people at its corporate offices in the Twin Cities on Tuesday, the largest downsizing of its headquarters staff ever and the biggest at any Minnesota company since 2002.” This is an example of loaded language and more specifically doublespeak because the writers are deliberately distorting the words to make them seem not as bad. Doublespeak is used to
How can it be that something so uniquely human and commonplace in our everyday existence as language, could transcend the limits of our immediate understanding? We all know how to speak and comprehend at least one language, but defining what we actually know about that language an infinitely more demanding process. How can a child without previous knowledge of the construction and concepts of language be born into the world with an innate ability to apprehend any dialect? Mark Baker, in his book The Atoms of Language, seeks to address these unsettling questions, proposing as a solution, a set of underlying linguistic ingredients, which interact to generate the wide variety of languages we see today.
African American Slang has had many other names: Ebonics, Jive, Black English, and more. The Oxford English Dictionary defines slang (in reference to language) in three different ways: 1) the special vocabulary used by any set of persons of a low or disreputable character; language of a low and vulgar type 2) the special vocabulary or phraseology of a particular calling or profession; the cant or jargon of a certain class or period 3) language of a highly colloquial type, considered as below the level of standard educated speech, and consisting either of new words or of current words employed in some special sense. Whatever one’s perspective on slang, it is a natural and inevitable part of language. In this paper I will discuss examples of current slang being used that some people may not understand.
To paraphrase the late comedian George Carlin, language is used to mask the truth. In his 1990 stand up special “Doin' It Again” he says “there is nothing wrong with those words in and of themselves” when talking about bad language. He and McCorkle both argued that context is more important than the words themselves, and this is not hard to prove. In Monty Python’s “The Life Of Brian”, there is a scene where a man is to be stoned for saying the word “Jehovah”, but the people instead decide to stone the man announcing his crime, as he had to say “Jehovah”. Humans need to express emotions, and swear words are a conduit for one’s distaste or anger. They are indeed vital to expression.
The FTC cracked down on the more blatant abuses in advertising claims, making it so advertisers have to be careful with what they say. To be lawful and keep advertisers away from getting in trouble, they use words known as weasel words. We turn to expert William Lutz to define weasel words and to understand the usage behind them. Lutz is a retired English professor whose purpose in his text, “With These Words, I Can Sell You Anything,” “is to uncover and lay bare the rhetorical strategies of advertisers that often conceal the true product or embellish its effectiveness” (Myers 197). Lutz elaborates on the concept of weasel words and includes how unfinished words, rhetorical questions, and action weasel words are used to portray a hollow message to consumers (Myers 197).
Over the course of history there have been multiple examples of groups using doublespeak to hide their intentions of completely obliterating entire populations. As stated by William Lutz, "language can easily distort perception and influence behavior and thus be a tool, or weapon for achieving the greatest good or the greatest evil" (30). The term 'ethnic' differentiates a group and causes them to be viewed as outsiders. The term 'cleansing' functions to make on group feel superior due to their natural heritage or 'cleanliness' which consequently
Language is undoubtably one of mankind’s greatest inventions — a series of sounds and symbols that are capable of transferring thoughts from one mind to another. However, even language falters in the face of comprehensively communicating the human experience. Chronicling the journey of Charles Marlow, Heart of Darkness, authored by Joseph Conrad, explores both demonstratively and implicitly the inadequacy of language. The ambiguous nature of the novel has led many readers to try fruitlessly to bring its arguments into focus. His points really lie in the peripherals of the text, as part of the vagueness and misrepresentation of reality itself. By purposely being ambiguous, deceptive, and sometimes meaningless, Heart of Darkness ironically demonstrates language’s inability to convey truth and meaning and consequently its tendency to deceive.
Toma, C. L., & Hancock, J. T. (2012). What lies beneath: The linguistic traces of deception in
The six major barriers to communication according to McLean (2010) are the use of clichés, jargon, slang, sexist and racist language, euphemisms, and doublespeak. These were discussed in the context