The Environmental Impact of Human Exploration
Throughout history, there has continually been movement - of peoples and cultures, diseases, and technology. The movement of each type has affected the environment in different ways. The effect of the changing patterns of human movement on the environment is leading to further environmental degradation.
The history of human movement has been one of a shift from a nomadic lifestyle to a more sedentary one with the agricultural revolution. With the agricultural revolution, people gradually abandoned the hunter-gatherer lifestyle, so they were no longer moving around, following the migration patterns of the animals that humans hunted and the seasonal pattern of plants as they became suitable for consumption (Discovery Channel 01.27.04). The industrial revolution brought about a shift from a more pastoral lifestyle to a more urban one, as people moved from the country to the city, but at the same time, trade enabled movement between cities. As people moved, they have also brought with them new ideas and cultures. For example, when the conquistadors came to the Americas, they came in search of gold, but some also came as missionaries, to spread the word of God and convert all of the heathen indigenous peoples to Christianity (Cipolla). Christianity first had to spread throughout Europe and North Africa and it started along the coastal areas, and then spread inland. Spread of Christianity - BYU Instructional Media Center From Europe, Christianity came to the Americas. Spanish Catholic missionaries came to what is now present-day Mexico, Central America, and South America, as evidenced by the spread of the Spanish language. The French came to the New World as trappers and traders. Th...
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...y became more developed and advanced. The development of agricultural technology most likely came about as a result of difficulty in gathering sufficient quantities of foodstuffs. As people migrated, they brought this agricultural technology with them; thus the movement of many technologies mirrors the movement of peoples.
Movement is so important to the rise and fall of societies and linked to patterns of environmental degradation. For this reason, it is important to know and understand why such movement occurs.
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In Canada, women make up slightly more than half of the population. However, throughout Canadian history and modern day, women are needing to stand up for themselves and other women to bring about change. Canadian women are strong and have the power to work together and bring about change. Jennie Trout stood up for Canadian women that wanted to be in the medical field, women during WWI made a difference in their lives by entering the workplace and standing for their right to work, Nellie McClung was a leader for women’s suffrage, and The Famous Five campaigned and won The “Persons” Case allowing women to be considered persons under the Canadian Constitution. These women were instigators of change. Change for women only occurs when ambitious and courageous women stand up for a difference that they deserve.
The small environment no longer had enough resources to sustain such a large population which motivated them to subdivide and move on. They expanded southward and eastward. They developed seasonal rounds of activity and movement. Climate change expanded the temperate forest throughout North America allowing them to become more familiar with their land. Early Americans. Soon the domestication of plants and animals established. They developed different cultures traditions diets and languages. During the late fifteenth century, Europeans developed the navigational technology and ambitions which allowed them to explore and conquer the world's seas. The Atlantic Ocean once a barrier became a bridge to vast lands and people. The Europeans traveled to the West Indies and India by traveling around Africa. The new discoveries transformed Europe into one of the most dominant continents. European Christians first felt surrounded by their Muslim neighbors. The Muslims were more a more powerful religion extended to North Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia. The Europeans Christians got an opportunity to break out of the Muslim world and spread their beliefs to the newly discovered world and search for the trade riches such as gold, silks, and
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Throughout the human history, there is a movement of peoples from one place to another. Migrations can be voluntary or involuntary because some migrations are done willingly, while others are done under coercion. Migrations intend to settle temporally or permanently in a new location depending on their circumstances. This paper will determine the explanation of migrations in the medieval period based on the activities of three different civilizations. It will examine the main potential reasons why there were movements of people from one place to another during the medieval times. Also, analyze what are the effects and outcome of these migrations. Furthermore, it will argue that physical forces factors such as economic, social, political and
The journey from a few cave people to seven billion humans on this planet has been characterized by the physical movement of Homo sapiens from one place to another, sometimes over thousands of miles, either individually, or in the form of flocks, both voluntarily as well as involuntarily. This act of leaving ones’ ground and moving to another land with a motive is known as migration. The motive can be anything such as bett...
Human history has been defined by movement and expansion, as humans slowly moved throughout the globe. Even after humans had populated the entire world, humans continued to travel for many reasons: war, trade, adventure, and religion. It would seem that the human species is filled with inveterate travelers. Throughout history, those nations and civilizations that had the best modes of transportation seemed to have a real competitive advantage. The “northern barbarians” who savaged and conquered much of Europe in its early history, the Greeks, the Romans, and eventually all of Europe in the age of Exploration dominated because they had superior transportation. Horses, boats, and well-built roads are all examples of this general trend. Travel has had a significant impact in human history, and it has also had a significant impact on global ecological history. However, it is not the movement of humans that seems to carry environmental significance. If humans moved throughout the world, empty-handed and naked perhaps the effects of travel would have been minimal. Instead it seems that often the things that humans carried with them caused many more calamities then humans themselves. The plants, animals and technologies, which travelers carry with them often had devastating affects on the environment.
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Merriman, John M. Europe 1789 to 1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire. Detroit [u.a.: Thomson Gale, 2006. Print.
...apabilities to deal with this which is not the case so much nowadays as Tony Marshall (1999) argues. There are criticisms over procedures, loss of rights such as an independent and impartial forum as well as the principle of proportionality in sentencing. There is also an unrealistic expectation that restorative justice can produce major changes in deviant behaviour, as there is not enough evidence to support this claim (Cunneen, 2007). Levrant et al (1999) on the other hand suggests that restorative justice still remains unproven in its’ effectiveness to stop reoffending and argues that its appeal lies in its apparent morality and humanistic sentiments rather than its empirical effectiveness. He continues to argue that it allows people to feel better within themselves through having the moral high ground rather than focusing on providing justice to the offender.
Rice, Eugene E. and Anthony Grafton. The Foundations of Early Modern Europe, 1460-1559. 2nd. ed. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1994.
Recreational Equipment Inc. (REI) is considered to be one of the largest America consumer co-operatives. The company focuses mainly on training, outdoor outfit, recreational equipment, and other camping/hiking accessories. They currently operate in approximately 53 stores and in about 23 states in America today. Some of the service they provide includes hiking training, outdoor encouragement from expert experiences, and occasional programs that enables consumers to try some of their products before acquiring them. These services are provided regardless of seasons. A couple of years ago, the company decided to launch the REI app that derive outdoor activities sports and encompass numerous activities to attract consumers, which includes: promising high value products, built high end brands, and creates a ground breaking recreational programs.
Migration is defined as the movement of people from one place to another. The movement can be within a short distance or within a long distance. Human populations have a vast history of several migration patterns that occurred during different periods in history including the pre-modern periods. According to Koslowski (376), there are several factors that lead to the migration of people from one place to another. Some of these factors include increased human population, political instability, natural calamities such as drought and disasters, and religious conflicts. The migrating communities have several impacts in their new place of settlement. Some of the effects include the spread of culture, the spread of religion, and the introduction