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Bilingualism and multi - culture
Bilingualism and multi - culture
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Language Tension between Countries and Culture
“Language is power” (LaForest 205). A power that can change throughout time using people and communication. Language helps communicate with other people. Lately, different countries have been learning English to help communicate with one another. As a result, English classes were created. However, is English the way to go? What are the effects of learning English or will English cause tension with other languages?
In the article ‘The Church of Please and Thank You,’ it talks about English is shaping different Asian countries. Julie Traves, “is an editor for ‘The Globe and Mail’” (The Globe and Mail Newspaper) and she went out to interview different EFL teachers about their experience of teaching
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Language connects together because they both talk about how language is changing/shaping another culture. Once learning a new language, it’s basically changing your identity, culture, and the way you look at the world. Thus, causes a cultural tension/loss between cultures. In the article ‘Please and Thank You’ by Julie Traves, she describes how English is shaping the cultures in those countries. English has become a way to communicate with foreigners to gain business. However, it can be a way to have less cultural differences. In the article, ‘The Church of Please and Thank You’ by Julie Traves, it talks about how EFL (English as a foreign language) teachers, must drive through the toughness of teaching English in different countries such as Korea, Japan, etc. As a result, foreign students question the importance of learning English and how it affects business. On the other hand, in ‘Undocumented Immigrants,’ it talks about the power of language and how immigrants are alienated for speaking a different language. Both authors argue that language is the basics to one’s identity since its learned in childhood, so if that is degraded then their identity is questioned. For example, there is cultural tension between Spanish and English and Asian languages and English. As well with the discomfort of speaking a different language. For example, in ‘Please and Thank You’ the students that were being taught English didn’t feel the need or didn’t understand the importance of learning English. A teacher name Michelle Szabo, was teaching a class about the importance of English and the students ended up having a huge debate (Traves 106). In ‘Undocumented Immigrants,’ people feel uncomfortable when others talk a different language other than English. People would use derogatory words such as “illegal aliens,” “illegal immigrants,” or “illegals” to describe minorities (LaForest 206).
The biggest difficulties Tan described in her reading are the ones related to her mother’s “broken English,” Tan felt ashamed of her mother’s English. She believed that “[her mother’s] English reflected the quality of what [her mother] had to say.” Native English speaker pretended not to understand nor even one word from Tan’s mother. In her reading, Tan describes a situation where her mom went to the doctor to pick up some test results and the doctors told Tan’s mother they lost her results, the doctors didn’t even apologize to Tan’s mother. After a while asking the doctors to call her daughter, Tan’s mother made Tan ask for the results, and magically the doctors apologize and told Tan they were going to do their best to find the results. If Anzaldua would have a chance to read Tan’s essay, Anzaldua would described Tan’s mother situation as a “linguistic terrorism.” According to Anzaldua “linguistic terrorism” is the “repeated attacks on our native language diminish our sense of self.” Again, tolerance and immigrants seem not to fit in the same sentence, but what is interesting is that Domenico Maceri, a U.S writer, in his essay “America’s Languages: Tower of Babel or Asset?” he claims that “Learning English is important
Language is a fascinating tool that humans created as a means of communication. There are hundreds of different ones throughout the various cultures and regions around the world. Unfortunately, at the same time, language can cause separate borders between many various cultures. A great essay demonstrating this is How to Tame a Wild Tongue by Gloria Anzaldúa. Anzaldúa describes her feelings about the many cultural and social difficulties Mexican immigrants face in the United States. One brutal example is one of the author’s earlier experiences, “I [Anzaldúa] remember being caught speaking Spanish at recess-that was good for three licks on the knuckles with a sharp ruler. I remember being sent to the corner of the classroom for “talking back”
In “Language and Identity Politics: The Linguistic Autobiographies of Latinos in the United States,” by Lea Ramsdell, she talks about three different autobiographies by Richard Rodriguez, Ariel Dorfman and Gloria Anzaldua. She describes that how their views on their different language differs from one another. Ramsdell states that “Language is identity and identity is political” in the beginning of her paper. She asserts that the language choice for each writer was a political act for which they use for self-empowerment. After reading the works by all three, she realized that the language heritage was brought together by their family and each ethnic history. I agree with the assumption of Lea Ramsdell because throughout the autobiography of Richard Rodriguez, we can sense that kind of relation of languages. Rodriguez thinks that by leaving Spanish behind and mastering English language, he becomes a member of the world of success. But question is that whether it is necessary to abandon your first language, while learning another language? I think Rodriguez has chosen a wrong direction while assimilating into English culture. He could be a successful person under these circumstances, without losing his cultural traditions.
Usage of English language has its purpose, to convey meaning and understanding to a certain audience. But how does that affect one who does not speak or understand the language? People still communicate in their own Native tongues and have so for many years. With the globalization of many companies today, communication is very critical. Without effective communication, markets of today would be limited as there would be no exports or imports, etc.
I have lived in the United States for almost three years now. Being natively of Bangladeshi origin, I experience an extremely different lifestyle than Americans do. It is the lifestyle experienced by those you come from other countries to live in the U.S. Being part of this international community, I am more sensitive to and hence aware of issues that primarily affect the lives of these kinds of people than Americans are. Of these many issues, there is one I have identified that comes up in discussions more frequently than others. The issue I am referring to is that of the language barrier that exists between those whose primary language is English and those whose primary language is not English.
From this perspective, for immigrants learning the language of the host country is a tool to develop a net of useful social contacts. Cristina Rodriguez states that in addition to its role in developing social bonds, the language use assists with preserving a multilingual en...
In “The language can help us heal,” Marissa Cornelius explains how language could be used as an option to solve some realistic problems that occur in several communities. Learn and grasp each other through everyday life will lead to the truth meaning. The author also describes how language is impacting herself while she read or listen to a disagreements stories and at the end of any story she realizes common thing which is love and respect between the people. However, the writer also elucidates respectfully that our nation has been immersed with hatful language which is a huge percentage of people still effecting and suffering from. Marissa Cornelius asks herself if language can alter anyone’s mind but the consequences was that language and stories can only effect open minds and hearts. Engage yourself to learn and find out languages can get you to develop your skill of knowledge. Even though, the author does not provide sufficient evidence to give very strong opinion, I agree with her view that language has a significant effect to communicate, some people are more likely to use hatful language, and more you read and listen to different people the more you improve your knowledge about those who surround you.
It is believed that miscommunication is one of the most frequent problems in intercultural communication. Through such factors as idiom, interpretation, translation errors and body language so communicative skills can fail due to the misunderstanding. When these intercultural mistakes happen between people, it might be experienced by different cultures as unmannered, laughable, confusing or frighten. However, the situation occurs not only in general society, but also in classrooms which are increasingly international communities.Therefore, this essay will explain several different causes and effects of miscommunication in intercultural classrooms, which consist of: participation in classroom, physical touching and non-verbal communication.
Besides, accordingly with what we saw in class the other day “distinguishing between language and culture is synonymous with distinguishing between “linguistically formed culture (language) and non-linguistically formed culture (culture)” (Risager 2006:6) , and this distinction affected both the generic and the differential level. Thus, we conclude that language and culture are generally interwoven and inseparable, although we can establish differences between them. Hence, applying the close relationship of language and culture to language teaching, we could claim that “language teaching must inevitably be accompanied by teaching about cultural phenomena in the countries where the target language is
Actually, the majority of people in the world “speak 1.69 languages- not high enough to conclude that the average person is bilingual” (source C). Having the ability to communicate in one language can help others communicate in everyday life from walking through town and shopping to making deals in business. Having a society that is monolingual can improve economies and relations throughout the world. Also, there was a survey in 2007 to determine the number of 5 year olds and older who spoke a language other than English at home. Out of the 280,950,438 people, 225,505,953 of them spoke only English at home (source E). This means that again 20% of people spoke a language other than English at home. English is a popular language, not just in English speaking countries, but also in countries that it is not the primary language. As the world changes, English becomes more and more of a necessity for society to communicate. As time progresses, English may be the only language needed to communicate more for people around the world. Through the globalization of the English language, its effects would greatly improve society by shortening time lost in language barriers and improve understandings of
Language and ethnicity are known to be closely intertwined (Giles & Coupland 1991). However, prior to analyzing interrelation between language and ethnicity I faced the problem of identifying the concept of ‘ethnicity’ itself. Thus, Fishman (1997: 327) points out that ‘ethnicity’ like other notions it is in a close association with, i.e. ‘race’, ‘people’, ‘nation’, ‘nationality’, is not “an exact scientific term”. Therefore it is not clearly defined and thus is open to interpretations (Ibid). In my search I came across a number of rather vogue explanations, and the most common aggregated dictionary definition of ‘ethnicity’ is ‘a belonging to a particular social group that has a common national or cultural tradition’ (MacMillan Dictionary, Oxford Dictionary, Merriam-Webster Dictionary, etc.). Dictionary of Cultural Literacy does single out and include language into the ethnicity definition saying that it is an “identity with or membership in a particular racial, national, or cultural group and observance of that group's customs, beliefs, and language”. However, is language always an inevitable part of one’s ethnicity or the ethnicity of a group? Definitely, the most understandable case of interrelation between language and ethnicity is the one when a person is born and lives on a specific territory which historically had one dominant ethnos and one dominant language, so ethnicity is predetermined by close bound between language and territory (Fishman 1997). Thus, Tabouret-Keller (1997) gives an example of a school boy from Belize who identifies himself as Belizean because he was born in that country, he lives there and also is a native speaker of its Creole language. But there are two more cases when interrelation of ethnicity and...
Based on the number of people who use it as a language and its easy nature to learn, English is the best candidate as the global language, which should facilitate communication in the changing environment. This draws the line between English and other languages whose usage is predominant across Europe and parts of Asia. In terms of numbers and effectiveness in learning, English is more superior to other languages.
Bilingual education have been a serious issue for immigrant student. Beginners in education who move to the United States, have an issue with communication, in how to understand English, and losing their identity. For immigrants students, not knowing a second language affect seriously their life in the United States. In his article “An Education in Language,” Richard Rodriguez presents how the English language became a barrier that changed him and his family. Rodriguez explains how hard the challenge of understanding English was for him during his early years of school. Besides, Rodriguez illustrates that his parents’ lives were affected by lacking education and their opinion about it. In addition, he moved over to pursue higher education.
Even though there are advantages as well as disadvantages, the need for international language for communication, politics, economics and security is necessary and English is the best “language candidate” for that function. English is a language spread all over the world and it is used by millions and millions of speakers. According to my opinion, people should use English as a tool to communicate with all cultures but every country must keep their culture and language is a great part of it. In conclusion, language defines identity of a country and everyone should keep their language and explore others.
Sharma, B., 2008. “World Englishes, English as a Lingua Franca, and English Pedagogy”, Journal of NELTA 13 (2), pp. 121-130. Available from