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Theory expplainig CRM customer loyalty
Loyalty and customer relationship management
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The Effect of Relational Benefits on Perceived Value in Relation to Customer Loyalty
Literature review
Relational benefits
Relationship marketing, which emphases on approaches to Building, evolving and keeping a successful relational Exchange (Gro¨ nroos, et al., 1994), is changing marketing orientation from attracting short-term, discrete transactions to retaining long-lasting, close customer relationships. (Czepiel 1990) has pointed that customer relationship exchanges are particularly important because customers expect to receive extra benefits as a result of attractive in interpersonal attention. These benefits that are interpersonal in nature have been termed ‘‘relational benefits’’ in the literature, and increase to those customers who are involved in ongoing relationships with the service provider and its personnel (Gwinner et al., (1998)( Hennig- Thurau et al., 2002). Gwinner et al. (1998) conducted in-depth interviews and quantitative studies to examine the benefits customers receive from relational exchanges. Their findings from the qualitative study first shown four relational benefits in terms of the psychological (Bitner, 1995; Morgan and Hunt, 1994), social (Berry, 1995; Price and Arnould, 1999), economic (Peterson, 1995) and customization benefits (Barlow, 1992; Crosby, 1991). Consequently they empirically identified a typology of three relational benefits: confidence benefits (psychological), social benefits, and special treatment benefits (economic and customization). Confidence benefits in link with psychological benefits refer to perceptions of reduced nervousness and ease in knowing what to expect in the service encounter. Social benefits, which relate to the emotional part of the relationships and...
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...titudinal measures have an gain over behavioral measures (e.g. repeat patronage) in that they can deliver greater understanding of the factors associated with the development of loyalty ( Riley et al., 2001). (Rundle-Thiele and Bennett 2001) also argued that attitudinal loyalty measures would be valuable in service markets, since attitudinal measures can identify a customer’s favorable attitude towards a company in the service context. (Dick and Basu 1994) proposed that customer preference is essential to a loyalty conceptualization. Their view is supported by Butcher et al. (2001) indicating that loyalty conceptualization is customer first choice for the service ahead of competition. Therefore, the present study defined loyalty as a customer’s favorable attitude of stable psychological attachment, resulting in preference, towards the provider based on experience.
Customer loyalty comes from the personal relationship that is developed between the customer and the business. One method used to understand the customer relationship is called customer relationship intensity and Life-cycle segmentation (UOP, 2007). This process includes classifying all the customer relationships into one of five groups.
Loyalty, it comes in different shapes and is generally seen as a highly regarded human trait. It is defined as a commitment to consistently purchase preferred products or services over and over again (Oliver’s, 1999 p.34). A Loyalty Program (LP) is a marketing exercise designed to reward returning buyers (using discount cards; points cards; club cards / discounts; gifts and exclusive services). Some argue that LPs are only made to make consumers dependent on specific brands. This essay provides evidence that LPs mean to deliver benefits to consumers covering a multitude of their needs beyond mere financial advantage. Further, the paper argues that the choice to join or leave LP ultimately rests with the end users. Frequently multiple brands within one category of products are supported simultaneously.
Grönroos, C. (2004). The relationship marketing process: communication, interaction, dialogue, value. Journal of Business & Industrial marketing, Vol 19, Issue: 2, 99-113.
Wiersema, M. T. a. F., 1993. Customer Intimacy and Other Value Disciplines. Harvard Business Review, p. 92.
4. Bloemer, JoséM M., and Hans DP Kasper. "The complex relationship between consumer satisfaction and brand loyalty." Journal of economic psychology 16.2 (1995): 311-329.
Three views of theoretical foundations are widely considered in business to business marketing: social exchange theory, social penetration theory and interaction theory. The social exchange theory as pointed out by Blau (1964, cited in Hsin Hsin et al. 2015:867) is described as social interactions involving two or more parties in order to achieve a mutually benefiting goal. What this means is that, in the marketing sphere, organization are expected to seek ways of the norm of buying and selling but develop relationships which could lead to customer retention, thereby recognising interdependence in sustaining the social exchange relationship. The social exchange theory deals with the issues of rewards and trust among the trading partners which derived from a continuous exchange of financial outcomes over a period of time (Fill and Fill 2005:149). Autry and Golicic (2010) advocates that the strength of any relationship is dependent on trust and commitment and successful fulfilment of objective. Cropanzano (2005) argues that relationship between two parties can best be sustained in the long run if certain rules of exchange are adhered to. These rules provide guidelines in which both parties are expected to comply during their exchanges
As the customer is the subject of relationship marketing, marketing should emphasize on customer needs, while customer value may “one-dimensionally in term of need satisfaction” (Hackley, 2009, p.64). From the “one-dimension” concept, marketing can regard as an integrated process, which utilizes techniques to develop and produce products to meet customer requirement, including market analysis and market targeting (Arndt, 1980, p.390). For example, it is effective to use relationship management software to track and analyze costumers’ preference to attract and satisfy more customers in relationship marketing. However, the “one-dimension problems-solving discipline” just completes the part of selling in transactional marketing, it may also ignore the customer demand of which is not included in the target market. What’s more, relationship marketing not only focuses on the short-term commodity trading, but also long-term service quality and forward-looking strategies. The significance of relationship marketing is far more than the exchange, because the exchange will be of common occurrence once the mutual trust mechanism has been established. Moreover, marketing would not end at the completion of the transaction, but following a series of after-sale service and the stabilization of
A methodology is written to ensure that the findings created from a study are reliable and valid to ensure that the correct research instruments are utilised (Marczyk et al., 2010). The purpose of this chapter is to detail the process of this study to achieve the aim and objective using a combination of primary and secondary research methods. It is found that a large range of literature regarding the topic of brand loyalty and customer satisfaction. However, there is a shortage of literature within the specific fast food industry. The study found that individuals are loyal to different restaurants for different reasons and it was thought that primary research should be conducted to further research into what should be improved by the fast food industry to maintain loyalty from customers. The study incorporates the use of an inductive research approach, where a theory is created after the research is collected rather than a deductive approach, where a theory is created first only tested by the data collected ( Engel and Schutt, 2005).
Building strong customer relationships is a method for competitive advantage (McKenya 1991; Reichheld 1993). In services marketing, relationship marketing between business and customers are especially important since the nature of interpersonal interactions, and the relative less objective in measuring service quality. Relationship benefits are usually discussed from both firm and customer perspectives. From services providers’ perspective, strong relationships with customers offer a loyal customer base for the firm, thus leads to predictable sales (Maker 1992) and low customers’ turnover (Reichheld and Sasser 1990). From customers’ perspective, relationship benefits to customers refer to the benefits customer can receive
Relationship marketing benefits the customer as well as the firm. For continuously or periodically delivered services that are personally important, variable in quality, and/or complex, many customers will desire to be "relationship customers." High-involvement services also hold relationship appeal to customers. Medical, banking, insurance, and hairstyling services illustrate some or all of the significant characteristics--importance, variability, complexity, and involvement--that would cause many customers to desire continuity with the same provider, a proactive service attitude, and customized service delivery. All are potential benefits of relationship marketing.
Relationship marketing is a part of the marketing concept and strongly applies to this article. A company wants to build trust with its customers in order to build customer loyalty and a long-term bond. This gives the customer a value-added feature of doing business with a particular company. In marketing orientated companies, the customer's needs have to be targeted and different social classes or issues need to be taken into account. If a company does not take different sensitive and social groups into account when marketing, then they will not build a feeling of goodwill with the consumers. The consumer will think that the firm cares more about selling its goods than the consumer.
Various authors have argued that customer loyalty is an aspect within the hospitality industry that cannot be measured or in any way identified. Various dimensions have however been mentioned with attitudinal and behavioral aspects being the major concepts that can best describe the customer loyalty degrees in the hospitality industry (Han & Back, 2008). Various researchers have aimed to use the two dimensions of attitudinal and behavioral to best describe the customer loyalty aspects, with focus on such attributes of the way they react to services and satisfaction levels. Mainly categorization has been the main strategy within the two dimensions, with authors aiming to intentionally state the reasons as to why custom...
Relationship marketing has been constantly considered as successful business practice worldwide. Over the past twenty years, relationship marketing has characterized a revitalization in marketing (Bonnemaiz et al., 2007) and it signifies international, industrial and services marketing and is also overruling traditional marketing theory (Davis, 2008). The term ‘relationship marketing’ was introduced by Berry in the services marketing literature in 1983 (Barnes, 1994; Gronroos, 1994). Berry defined relationship marketing as “attracting, maintaining and in multi-service organizations- enhancing customer relationship” (Berry, 1983, p. 25). A business implementing relationship marketing orientation enhances its performance, which has been supported by both marketing academicians and practitioners for about three decades (Berry, 1983; Fuhrman, 1991). Further, Fox and Stead (2001) asserted that successful customer relationship marketing focus on understanding the needs and desires of the customers by placing those needs at the heart of the business by integrating them with the organization strategy, people, technology and business processes. Relationship marketing also increases customer satisfaction and enhances business performance of the organization. Further, it helps an organization in creating, developing and maintaining profitable exchanges with selected customers over
I understand the term customer value to define how customers weigh the benefits of individual purchasing decision against the costs of these products.
Relationship marketing focuses on creating and maintaining customer relations (Shani and Chalasani, 1992, p. 34). Berry (1995, p. 237) argues for the value of the protection of the customer base and the costs of replacing old with new customers. (. 1992, p 34) defines Chalasani Shani and relationship marketing in a formal way: "[...] an integrated approach to identify, maintain and build a network with individual consumers and continuously strengthen the network for the benefit effort mutual on both sides, through interactive, individualized and value-added for a long time contacts. " Three factors have been examined as drivers and prerequisites for building relationships are trust, commitment and satisfaction (Morgan and Hunt, 1994; Hawkins and Vel, 2013 ;. Palmatier et al., 2007; Bejou et al, 1998). Morgan and Hunt (1994, p. 24) argue that the parties place more value on a relationship that involves trust. Morgan and Hunt (1994, p. 23) also argue that if there is a commitment in the relationship, it is desirable for the customer to put effort into maintaining it. A third factor that can be added to these drivers is satisfaction. Satisfaction has been considered as a "fundamental principle" (Bejou, et al., 1998, p. 170) for relationship marketing. Convinced by these strong arguments about the