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The evolution of theoretical counselling frameworks
Importance of counselling theories
Historical development in counseling
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Recommended: The evolution of theoretical counselling frameworks
There are many different types of counselling theories and they can have both positive and negative effects on a client, depending on their past, emotions and current state of mind. Depending on their age, some theories may have more of an impact than others and this is up to the councilors discretion to decide which theories to implement on each client. The councilor may have to alter each theory for each client, but through research and trials, they can find which theories work best for them in each situation. Play therapy and person-centered therapy can both be used on the same and different clients and can both have a great impact on the improvement of the client. It is up to the councilor to decide which of the many methods they choose …show more content…
In relationship play therapy, the primary goal is the emotional relationship between the therapist and the child. There is no focus on the past experiences at the time, just the feelings and reactions in the moment are what is the most important for this theory (Landreth, 2012). As for group play therapy, it offers a powerful therapeutic intervention and a more compelling milieu than in individual therapy. Group play therapy combines the importance of play, with the benefits of group counselling. Group play therapy offers improvement of social skills, self-regulation and conflict resolution to the children and youth and offers increased motivation to play and express themselves when playing with other children. (Meany-Walen, Bullis, Kottman, & Dillman Taylor, 2015). Group play therapy is recommended for children who may have presenting concerns, various life experiences, exposed to domestic violence, abuse, or other traumatic events. This process allows for the therapist who’s in charge of the group to learn about the social and emotional development in the children, and to see the interactions and patterns in the group members (Meany-Walen, Bullis, Kottman, & Dillman Taylor, …show more content…
According to Shebib, 2014, “he believed in the importance of seeing each other as “becoming” and created a belief in the capacity of people to change”. He believed his clients are not bound by their past and that clients must be seen for their potential, their strengths, inner power and their capacity to change (Shebib, 2014). Rogers had his own methods, and they were based on the premise that if the right or core conditions are present, then change is possible. He also said that core conditions act to speed the natural process of heeling or recovery from psychological pain or problem (Shebib, 2014). When a councilor displays these core conditions, the potential for change and a positive relationship with clients increase. The three core conditions Rogers had been unconditional positive regard, empathy and genuineness (Shebib, 2014). This theory also proposed that the therapeutic relationship is the guidance in counselling (Stulmaker & Ray, 2015). Person centered theory offers a new way of looking at a person and their development, as well as how someone can be assisted in their change. This theory allows for the client to make their own changes in the right conditions, and to allow them to have their own thoughts on themselves, and not the opinion of others (Capuzzi, & Stauffer 2016). This allows for the client to have their own confidence letting them grow in
When I first read the title of this book, Person-Centred Counselling in Action, it seems very interesting. This book is based on British community. The term ‘Counseling’ in Britain means ‘Psychotherapy’ in America. They use the term ‘counseling’ by confining their selves to relatively short-term therapeutic relationships (Mearns & Thorns, 2013). My personal reaction to Mearns and Thorns’ theory includes several concepts that I would like to implement in my career. After reading the book, I realize their theory is based on Rogers’ theory, Client-centered therapy. They quote Rogers’ terms to explain what it means and develop their own meanings.
Wehrman, J. D., & Field, J. E. (2013). Play-Based Activities in Family Counseling. American Journal of Family Therapy, 41(4), 341-352. doi:10.1080/01926187.2012.704838
This approach emphasizes the importance of the potential of humans and sought to make up for the missing component of conscious in the psychodynamic approach. The humanistic approach oriented psychologist has the belief that human behavior is guided by intent and the individual’s set of values (Association, 2014). Those who subscribe to this orientation believe there are both an unconscious and a conscious element to determining behavior. The unconscious element is considered to be the individual’s application of learned norms and experience, while the conscious element is applied by making deliberate choices and decisions. A humanistic oriented practitioner will use differing types of therapy such as client-centered therapy, Gestalt therapy, or existential therapy (American Psychological, 2015). Client-centered therapy or person-centered therapy was developed by Carl Rogers and places the client as the leader of the therapy. This approach allows for the growth and better understanding of self within the individual, as they solve their own problems, while the therapist is there to provide empathetic support (Australian, 2010). Gestalt therapy focuses on the responsibility of the individual for their current situation and considers relationships, environment, and social experiences occurring, and influencing behavior (Polster & Polster, 2010). This process consists of the practitioner acting as a guide and offer advise in helping the client to deal with their current issue. Existential therapy consists of allowing an individual the ability to live with their issues within their own existence (Price, 2011). This means a therapist uses this type of therapy to assist clients with understanding what the present problem is and learning to deal with the consequences of that issue in their every day life. With
Person- centered therapy is more of a psychotherapeutic than psychodynamic model that goes over what empowers people in more of a depth comprehensive way. Rogers believed that one should focus on their own current interpretation of a situation rather than another’s interpretation. He believed that being genuine and empathic to the client helps get to the root of a confrontation and makes it easier to help the person become nostalgic and problem-less. Rogers and Maslow theories are similar but Roger’s theory doesn’t have such a simplicity stage model like Maslow. Nevertheless, both helped the actualization of one’s true self-become easier for
Structured play therapy is a form of play therapy that is directive and uses planned, structured activities in almost every session. Release play therapy was developed in by David Levy, and was expanded by Gove Hambidge into what we now consider structured play therapy (Menassa, 2009). Child-centered play therapy (CCPT) has roots in Carl Roger’s person-centered theory, holding the belief that children inherently strive towards self-actualization and self-directed healing (Menassa, 2009). Both CCTP and structured play therapy believe that play is children’s intrinsic communication, and a means through which children expresses and can resolve emotions and challenges in a developmentally appropriate way (Menassa, 2009). In this paper, I will compare how structured play therapists and child-centered play therapists approach the overarching goal of therapy, the therapeutic role, the therapeutic relationship, and the structure of the therapy.
Playing may seem like such a modest task, that cannot possibly change a child’s health or mental status. However, play therapy has transformed the world of pediatric nursing, it is an essential part of any child’s treatment. Play therapy is a form of counselling in which play is used as means of helping children express or communicate their feelings. Play therapy began in 1965, by a therapist trying to gain access to a child’s inner life and trust. Nurses later discovered that play therapy could be used as a nursing intervention to gain the trust of their small patients and help in the difficult process of being hospitalized. It is known that children’s mental health decline while being hospitalized, using
To explain, the client should not be inferior to the counselor; the environment should be two people discussing an issue and ways to make a difference. A therapist should occasionally share similar experiences; therefore, sessions should make clients feel comfortable. To add, the client should feel safe due to the positive atmosphere the therapist brings to the session. The goal is to finally give the client a chance to be heard, regularly people are muted and feel like they are insignificant to society. Similarly, to Person-centered therapy where communication with the client is unconditionally positive. The therapist needs to genuinely care about the client needs for them to fully express themselves successfully. Furthermore, clients should be encouraging to make their own choices which model how to identify and use power responsibly. Hence, this will help the client feel more confident in everyday life when making a meaningful
The basis of his therapy were:” (1) two person are in emotional contact, (2) one of them called the client; is troubled,(3) the therapist show genuineness and congruence in the relationship, (4) the therapist experience and displays unconditional positive regard for the client, (5) the therapist achieves and expresses and empathic understanding of the client, (6)the client perceives the genuineness, positive regards and empathy of the therapist” (Moss, 1998, Rogers, 1961). Rogers believed if this conditions were created the client will be able to establish self-actualize in his/her self-defined path. (Moss, 1998)
The purpose of this paper is to educate and influence others on therapy that may enhance their life style. Play therapy may not be for everyone, but it is a great way to understand a child’s train of thought. When asked how is their day going you might get a one or two-word response. But, when asked what would you like to play, you might have the child’s full, undivided, attention, which is the child’s natural way of communication. Play therapy can be traced back to B.C. times, it has many tools that are used to treat the children and families. This choice of treatment may determine, the initial characteristics of the patient’s transference in advanced. One has to be certified to assist these children and to diagnose. This therapy treatment
This is a counselling method used to help youngsters communicate their inner experiences through using toys and play. Nondirective play therapy is a non-pathologizing technique founded on the belief that youngsters have the internal drive to attain wellness (Petruk, 2009). Play therapy is grounded on the theory that play is a youngster’s language, the toys considered the words a youngster uses to express or show their inner experiences and how they experience and perceive the world. Within a play session, and throughout the course of sessions, themes develop in the youngster’s play, giving the therapist insight into the child’s feelings, thoughts, experiences, and interpretations of their world (Petruk,
In conclusion, the counselor found the appropriate theory to focus on, to work with the client. The client will work on trusting themselves so they can trust to find the right direction to life. The counselor use Person- Centered theory in order to help with the client’s current depression and anxiety. Once the client has work on her self-esteem she will be able to deal with depression and
Play therapy is conducted by psychologist to retrieve a specific therapeutic purposes, while therapeutic play (implemented by an individual) utilizes normal play to guide natural coping mechanism in facing traumatic events. She describes how instructional play is utilized in helping school aged children, whose development is best filtered through fantasy or magical thinking (Ponte, et.al, 2015). Thus, Ponte aims to uncover rather the introduction of a toy (as the means of communication between the child and professional) will lessen anxiety and change visible behaviors in this
Lastly, therapeutic play will “help children think and express themselves through difficult events” (Burns-Nader & Hernandez-Reif, 2016). This type of play focuses on enhancing coping skills and is very organized and controlled. Playing with dolls is an example of therapeutic play. Child Life focuses on assessing the child’s needs and therefore all three types of play are encouraged for children. The goal is to assist with children’s coping skills, largely through these three types of
In the second part of the book Rogers speaks of his ideas of his theory of the person-centered approach to therapy. This is the part of the book that I felt really spoke to me. Person-centered theory is a lot of what I would like to do. I enjoy the ideas and concepts that Rogers presents in his theory. I think that it is extremely important to be able to take into consideration not only the diagnosis of the patient/client with whom you are working, but that it is more important to be able to take the time to sit back and to listen to them. I have realized in the year that I have been working in the psychiatric hospital how important it is for the patient/client to just sit back and listen to what it is they're saying to you. This however does not mean I am only hearing their words, but that I am listening at a much deeper level and actually he...
In conclusion, Person-Centered therapy has been criticized in terms of having an overly optimistic view of individuals and not having a structured set of techniques. As previously mentioned, Rogers believed that the client had the power to choose the direction of the therapy and to ultimately find the solution to their underlying problem. With regard to the useful theory criteria, Rogers's theory has successfully generated research inside and outside the realm of psychotherapy, such as the field of education and positive psychology. Furthermore, because his theory is one of the few that is structured in an "if-then" framework, it lacks concrete empirical research. In addition, his work created a new atmosphere for the client and therapist and