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Ethics for testing animals
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Animals are living beings, different yet similar to humans in many ways. Skin texture, teeth size, four legs instead of two, gills instead of lungs, and tails are some of the differences between human beings and non-human beings. These traits are physical, but once we dig deeper we can find great similarities. Some animals such as primates share many characteristics with us, they are the most cognitively aware of the animal kingdom, putting their intelligence in the same range with that of humans. Chimpanzees along with others of the sort have learned to communicate via sign language with not only others like themselves but with humans also. Often animals at the lower end of the food chain tend to get less recognition for their intelligent …show more content…
Testing on humans is unethical, one would say because a human being is intelligent and aware of what is going on around them. Not only does sentience grant awareness, but also comes the ability to make conscious and rational decisions. Animals know when something is happening to them, the feeling of pain is very real just like if you or I were to have some variation of pain inflicted on us. The only difference is that the animal can’t verbalize the pain as we can, so somehow that makes it less real to humans. Animals also have interests; not feeling pain is an interest that we can all agree on to some degree that we have in common, human and nonhuman animals alike. “It would be nonsense to say that it was not in the interests of a stone to be kicked along the road by a schoolboy. A stone does not have interests because it cannot suffer. Nothing that we can do to it could possibly make any difference to its welfare. A mouse, on the other hand, does have an interest in not being tormented, because it will suffer if it is.” (All Animals Are Equal) Testing on animals causes suffering; labels on the back of tested products warn humans about harmful effects if swallowed or contact with skin, eyes, or mouth; these warnings are results of animals enduring pain. An objection to this claim is that the benefit of the research outweighs the pain and suffering of the test subject. According to utilitarianism …show more content…
Having the right to consent would alleviate animal experimentation. The Animal Welfare Act was approved by the United States Department of Agriculture to protect animals of certain kinds. According to the first bill of this Act, only warm blooded animals are protected. (Animal Welfare Act) This is the only law that provides rights to animals. Under this law the animals are granted proper food, health care, and housing. However, the right to consent to being used as the subject for testing is not a right
Chimpanzees make tools and use them to procure foods and for social exhibitions; they have refined hunting tactics requiring collaboration, influence and rank; they are status cognizant, calculating and capable of trickery; they can learn to use symbols and understand facets of human language including some interpersonal composition, concepts of number and numerical sequence and they are proficient in spontaneous preparation for a future state or event.
One must remember that scientists who carry out animal testing are human to and most definitely do feel some sense of guilt using these animals for the sole reason to benefit mankind. However, “if there were good alternatives to animals that worked better or as well, for less money and hassle, scientists would use them” (Source D). Many believe that animals testing is wrong, but they must understand that at the current time there is no other option. It is difficult to find a different practice has been so substantial and has improved millions of lives and society as a whole. Animal testing, though the testing on animals may not be the best option, the after effects of testing has been successful over the past decades and will continue on this path as scientists and researchers gain more knowledge. There may be a point in time that society becomes so better off that there would be no more need to test
Although not as strictly addressed, there is still a schism when it comes to the matters of experimentation involving animals. Those in opposition of it see it as being against the will of the animal, because animals have no say in the matter. However, through animal experimentation there has been vast medical advances in hospitals and veterinarians , research has led to cures for various diseases that would normally take many more years to cure, and the use of animals is highly ethical considering what could be the alternative, although there is progress being made to change these measures. This is how animal experimentation is of use to society for humans and animals.
All primates have the same sensation and are capable of receiving excessive amounts of information. All senses, sight, smell, taste, hearing, and touch are essential to the development, survival, and overall well-being of living primates. It is fascinating how non-human primates, without language, can communicate in the same ways as human primates, with language. Non-human primates and human primates are highly developed mammals that possess many of the same communicative characteristics, but still differ greatly. Non-human primates fit into the category of not having language, but being able to communicate.
Have you ever asked yourself what kind of makeup, hand soap or detergent you are using? Have you ever been worried that you could probably be supporting animal testing without even knowing it? This is one of the most horrible procedures of modern time. Animal testing cause pain and even death to the animals involved only to determine whether a certain product is safe for human use. These living beings are kept in cages for all their lives, they are traumatized by the daily torture and by the different kinds of drugs given; they are left with open wounds, blinded eyes, etc. But, is this really necessary? Is it morally and ethically justified? Every living being, not just people, owns the ability to think, to feel pain, to show affection and
Animal testing began when William Harvey used animals 400 years ago to find out how blood circulated through the body. The "modern" era of animal research however started about 150 years ago with the rise of physiology as a science. It was very different back then. There were no anesthetics or effective painkillers, so the animals suffered a great deal, as did patients. Scientists learned that putting animals, or humans through that type of torture was inhumane. Consider having to have a leg amputated, which was not uncommon in those days due to the fact that infections got very severe without the use of antibiotics, without even so much as an anesthetic to control the pain. Now the treatment is there to help the pain, so neither human nor animal has to go through the excess undue strain. Through all the new medical technology still there will be people who disagree with animal testing. Animal testing provides many benefits that looked over most of the time. One of the most common questions is, “why are animals used in research?” The answer to that question can be broken down into three separate categories.
Monkey see, monkey do. Apes have always been thought to have an increased level of intelligence. Over the years, researchers have attempted to understand the degree of intelligence these primates possess. However, it is essential to understand the definition of intelligence in order to determine the amount of intelligence primates have. Intelligence is the capability of obtaining knowledge and being able to utilize it in everyday situations. There are many hypotheses that focus on the evolution of intelligence in primates that view a number of factors including brain size and modernism. Primate intelligence has been a topic of interest to many because it will allow us to further understand the close relationship between humans and primates. Additionally, we will be able to understand the difference between human and primate cognition. Some studies suggest that the human and primate brains possess many similarities. This demonstrates why primates tend to respond to stimuli in a manner that is closely related to humans. Researchers have conducted a number of studies in an effort to understand primate cognition.
Another reason animal testing does not make sense is because we have alternative ways of testing. There are many new ways of testing besides testing on animals. By doing these other types of tests, people can save animals from pain and save their lives. In the article, “Alternative Testing” stated, “some new ways of testing could include ways like using tests on cells, using tests on types of tissues, and using tests on computer stimulations” (Howard). The article, “Ban Animal Testing” stated, “that an alternative method of testing is in vitro studies, which are cells used to test properties of drugs and tissues can also be used to test products and reactions from drugs as well” (Stachura). Some would argue to say that these alternative tests
Hurting an animal is better than hurting a fellow human being right? Well imagine a child being ripped away from his mother in today’s society, for no reason. Would that be considered okay, or kidnapping? Imagine humans being forced to breed, just so their children can be tortured for makeup or a new facial wash. Would that be considered okay, or morally incorrect? People do not see animals as fellow living things, because they do not have the power to say no like a person can. They can’t stand up for themselves, leaving the people of the world to do it for them. Seeing that there are other ways to test out consumer products, why harm defenseless, breathing, loving, beings? With all things considered, animal testing “has no place in science today” (Goodall, 1).
A law that many of us seem to be breaking; testing on animals for our own benefit is quite possibly the most disgusting thing any of us could take part in. Surely any self-aware being would be conscious of the crime being committed the universal felony of putting another being behind your own selfish desires. Excuses like “it’s for the greater good” and “we are above animals” are grotesque. If torture is for the greater good, then I’m not so sure that the greater good is something I want to see. Curing diseases at the cost of animal lives is immoral, and nobody has the right to make that decision.
Dr. Jane Goodall, a primatologist and ethologist, believes that animal testing is "morally, and ethically unacceptable". In her article, "So Much Animal Pain, So Little Human Gain", she states that animal testing does not benefit for humans and how much the animal suffer in the experiment. Using animal in research can't always predict the results for humans. There are some cases that even though the experiment succeeded, it wasn't safe for humans. Around 92% of drugs that passed in the animal testing didn't work with humans (Top 5 Reason). The reason is that animals are different from humans. Even though animals can't talk or make judgments like humans, they have emotions, consciousness, and intelligence. The animals can feel stress, fear, and pain during the experiment. She claims that there are alternatives other than animals like using cells, computer models, and more. She also includes that animal testing cost a lot more than the alternatives. The biggest issue when it comes to animal testing is how animals are treated during the experiment. Although animals are protected from the Animal Welfare Act, not all animals that are used for research are not protected. With that, there are chances that they can be ...
There is a moral blind spot in the treatment of animals that enable us to justify the cruelties for the perceived benefits of humans. Animals are living things. They have lungs which breathe, hearts which beat, and blood that flows. In fact, animals sense of smell, sight, and sound is much more acute than our own. Therefore, we can assume that their sensitivity to pain is at least equal to ours. According to Hippocrates, “The soul is the same in all living creatures, although the body of each is different.” This can go with the Duty Theory that states that every individual gets treated the same. The intentions of animal testing is not to harm the animals, but that is exactly what it does.
Animal Intelligence Intelligence is defined as the ability to acquire and apply knowledge. Psychologists have exploited this concept in many ways to try and determine whether non-human animals are capable of intelligence. From social learning it is logical to assume that, since non-human animals are able to both acquire and use new behaviours, they must be intelligent in some way. Heyes stated that there are 6 types of behaviour which suggest intelligence. These are imitation, self-recognition, social relationship formation, role-taking, deception and perspective taking.
First of all, animal testing should be banned in order to protect the rights of animals. In other words, animals’ rights are infringed by experimenting on them. Animals and humans are similar in many ways. To begin with, they have similar levels of biological complexity. They both are aware that they exist and they both make conscious choices. Philosophy professor at North Carolina State University Tom Regan points out "Animals have a basic moral right to respectful treatment. This inherent value is not respected when animals are reduced to being mere tools in a scientific experiment." (F. B. Orlans) Experimentation on an animal ...
Animals can be perceived in many different ways. While some humans consider animals to be mindless machines programmed with instinct, others view them as spiritual creatures capable of coherent thought and emotions. I feel that animals are somewhere in the middle. Although they rely heavily on instinct, the ability to feel emotions shows that their mental capacity is not far from that of a human.