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Social norms disposition
How social norms affect human behaviour essay
Social norms disposition
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An individual's morals are rooted in their personal views which may be contradictory to the principles manifested by society. In The Book Thief by Markus Zusak, characters living on Himmel Street who neglect Nazi ideology experience love for each other and humanity, thereby living a contented life in harsh conditions. The different types of love which individuals on Himmel Street encounter from refusing to obey societal ideologies and expectations is formed by supporting those in need and developing relationships with those that society has degraded.
Characters of Himmel Street which support those who have been marginalized by society encounter love for humanity as they share a form of love with the individual they are comforting. Liesel Meminger is a character on Himmel street that continually comforts others, which is noticeable in the way she treats the character Max Vandenburg who has been abused by societal ideologies. It is evident that Liesel supports Max when she obtains gifts for him, while he is ill and concealing from the Nazis, “Whenever she
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walked to and from school now, Liesel was on the lookout for discarded items that might be valuable to a dying man. [...] If nothing else, it showed that she cared” (Zusak 321). The character Liesel learns to love Max by viewing past the false societal judgment of Jews. The comforting of Max which Leisel executes leads to a cheerful life for Max because it produces hope that he will live and be cared for during the persecution of the Jews. Hans Hubermann is another character of Himmel Street which assists those who are harmed by societal ideologies.
Hans supports the Jewish community, who are viewed as ‘undesirables subhumans’ by society. The ethical values which Hans holds are apparent in the way he treats starving and helpless Jews traveling through Molching, “The Jew stood before him, expecting another handful of derision, but he watched with everyone else as Hans Hubermann held his hand out and presented a piece of bread” (Zusak 395). As a consequence of rejecting societal expectations and ideologies, the character Hans Hubermann solidifies the notion that every individual deserves basic human respect. Therefore, Hans develops a love for humanity and the individual he is helping through refusing to obey corrupt societal expectations. Aiding those who are injured is a gateway to love as it changes the world for the individual one is
comforting. Furthermore, characters of Himmel Street who refuse to comply with societal ideologies and expectations discover how to adapt to intimate and loving relationships with those that society has agonized. Through developing relationships with individuals society have stamped as threats, characters of Himmel Street overcome hate rooted in society. The character Liesel Meminger constructs a loving friendship with Max Vandenburg. As a result of Liesel not complying with societal expectations and ideologies, she overcomes the prominent issue of discriminating against certain minorities in society. A specific instance which illustrates that by Liesel not conforming to societal expectations, she has developed a caring friendship with Max is when she recognizes and approaches him from a group of Jewish prisoners, “ Liesel searched them and it was not so much a recognition of facial features that gave Max Vandenburg away. [...] Leisel felt herself pausing as she found the only face looking directly into the German spectators. [...] Never had a heart been so definite and big in her adolescent chest ” (Zusak 509). The friendship navigates both Max and Liesel to a contented life because of the love they encounter from constructing their relationship. Max and Liesel share love amongst each other because Liesel once more administers hope for Max, reminding him that he is loved and the pain he is enduring will come to an end. The foster parents of Liesel Meminger, Hans Hubermann and Rosa Hubermann grow to love their adopted child, despite their differences, which would alternately constrain their relationship when conforming to societal expectations. The central difference between Liesel and her foster parents is that Liesel's biological father is a communist. It is apparent that the family relationship between Liesel and her foster parents has prospered when Hans on various occasion lingers in Liesel's room after her constant nightmares, “ Possibly the only good to come out of these nightmares was that it brought Hans Hubermann, her new papa, into the room, to soothe her, to love her" (Zusak 36). On the occasion that Hans and Rosa complied to societal expectations, the family relationship between Liesel her foster parents would languish because of their differences. Liesel and her foster parents, overcome the belief of segregating minorities from society and learn to love those society has labeled as the ‘undesirables.’ The integration of Liesel in the lives of her foster parents has resulted in a happier life for them as they love her as if she is their own child, seeing past any differences. Only through refusing to accept societal ideologies and expectations can characters living on Himmel Street come together in loving relationships with those that society has persecuted, which consequently leads to the happiness in each individuals life. Developing a contented life is executed by loving others and humankind, which certain individuals on Himmel Street experience from refusing to adhere to societal expectations and ideologies. Through rejecting societal expectations and ideologies, individuals on Himmel Street grasp the concept that aiding those society has marginalized and assembling relationships that societal expectations go against, results in love. To conclude, love is the greatest force in nature, able to overcome any unethical concepts rooted in society.
Max uses Mein Kampf as a kind of cover so people wouldn’t suspect that he was a Jew and he escapes to the Hubermann’s house as Hans promised to help the Vandenburg’s if they ever needed it as he was friends with Max’s father in the war and Max’s father saved Hans’ life. Liesel is curious but also scared of Max at first but they bond over the fact that they both have nightmares, have lost their families and are both “fist-fighters” Since Max is always hiding in the basement, Liesel begins to describe the weather to him and brought him snow where they had a snowball fight and built a snowman with Hans and Rosa. Soon after, Max falls ill and she brings him 13 presents, hoping that he will wake up and reads to him every morning and night. Max also begins to share stories with Liesel and for her birthday makes her a book called “The Standover Man” which is about his life and journey. Max also begins to have daydreams where he fights Hitler and Hitler always uses his words to excite the crowd and uses them as a weapon. Liesel and Rudy also begin to steal food with a group of
A example why people are brutal in The Book Thief is when the bomber planes were dropping bombs on the small town killing many people. My thoughts on this is even though the Nazi started this doesn’t mean they should kill innocent families.
Due to his brother’s death while fighting alongside him in the war, Michael becomes emotionally devastated, and as a result, experiences survivor’s guilt, leading to his suicide. Although this letter is not from Death’s perspective, it still highlights an example of how physical destruction caused by humans can lead to emotional devastation for other humans. Death himself becomes emotionally devastated when Rudy Steiner, Liesel’s best friend, dies from the bomb on Himmel Street. He confesses, “Oh crucified Christ, Rudy … He lay in bed with one of his sisters. She must have kicked him or muscled her way into the majority of the bed space because he was on the very edge with his arm around her … Where was Rudy’s comfort? Where was someone to alleviate this robbery of his life? … He does something to me, that boy. Every time. It’s his only detriment. He steps on my heart. He makes me cry.” (531) This quote shows that Death is emotionally affected by the aftermath of the bomb, because he loses someone that he admires. As a result, Death feels like crying, and leads readers to believe that humanity is destructive. As a result, numerous examples from the book, including Death’s own experience, demonstrate that humanity has the capability to harm the physical world, as well as other
In the novel The Book Thief by Markus Zusak the narrator is Death, who shows itself as sympathetic and sensitive towards the suffering of the world and the cruel human nature, through its eyes, we can get to know the heartbreaking story of Liesel Meminger an ordinary, but very lucky nine-year old German girl; living in the midst of World War II in Germany. In this book the author provides a different insight and observation about humanity during this time period from a German view and not an Allied perspective, as we are used to.
In The Book Thief by Markus Zusak, Liesel Meminger, an orphaned little girl living in Nazi Germany, evolves partly through her numerous literary thefts. At her younger brother’s gravesite, she steals her first book, The Grave Digger’s Handbook, which teaches her not only the method to physically bury her brother, but also lets her emotionally bury him and move on. The theft of her next book, The Shoulder Shrug, from a book burning marks the start of Liesel’s awareness and resistance to the Nazi regime. As a story with a Jewish protagonist “who [is] tired of letting life pass him by – what he refer[s] to as the shrugging of the shoulders to the problems and pleasures of a person’s time on earth,” this novel prepares her both for resisting the
Guilt is a prevalent theme throughout The Book Thief. Liesel endures guilt multiple times, when she steals laundry money from Rosa, gets Max sick, verbally attacks Ilsa Hermann, and experiences the guilt of surviving. All of these acts caused Liesel to experience some sort of guilt which later causes her to perform questionable tasks.
Towards friends and neighbours, Hans aids all of those that need it. After Mr. Kleinmann’s clothing store was vandalized, Death, the narrator, observed,“In sloppy lettering, the words JEWISH FILTH were spilling over at their edges.[...]Hans moved closer and stuck his head inside. “Do you need some help?” Mr. Kleinmann looked up.[...] “No, Hans. Please. Go away.” Hans had painted Joel Kleinmann’s house the previous year. He remembered his three children. He could see their faces but couldn’t recall their names. “I will come tomorrow,” he said, “and repaint your door”(181). Despite not knowing them very well, Hans still offers help towards those who have nothing, even if it may affect his own financial situation. As women who had nothing would come up to Hans and ask him to paint their blinds black, he said, ““Frau Hallah, I’m sorry, I have no black paint left,” he would say, but a little farther down the road, he would always break. There was tall man and long street. “Tomorrow,” he’d promise, “first thing,” and when the next morning dawned, there he was, painting those blinds for nothing, or for a cookie or a warm cup of tea”(354). Even though it was against the values of WWII Germany’s society, Hans still felt the need to help anyone, even if they were Jewish. “Papa reached into his paint cart and pulled something out. [...] The Jew stood before him, expecting another handful of
In the Book Thief, both Liesel and Hans have very altruistic personalities. When the Jew’s march through Himmel Street to get to Dachau, everyone knows where they are going. They watch them march by, walking around them and staring. 75 percent of Hungary’s 600,000 Jews were killed by the Nazis, and only a few brave people tried to save just one Jew. (We Are All Bystanders page 4) These people risked their lives to shelter Jews, much like Rosa and Hans Hubermann. As the Jews march to Dachau, and the residents of Himmel Street stand and watch the Jews marching towards their death at the concentration camps, Death writes, “The book thief could do nothing but watch them back in a long, incurable moment before they were gone again. She could only hope they could read the depth of sorrow in her face, to recognize that it was true, and not fleeting.” ( ) Liesel feels helpless, like she can’t do anything. She longs to call out to them and help but knows that it would be worthless. A few minutes later, however, Papa takes action. Papa quickly grabs something from his paint cart and helps an old man who was struggling to walk and gives him some bread. Papa took action when no one else would. Papa pays the consequence, but in that moment, Papa displayed moral courage. Papa’s selfless personality let him reach out to help the man, even
Zusak demonstrates this through Liesel’s relationship with her mum. Her mom left her to fend for herself with an unknown family because she and her husband were communists that greatly disliked by the Nazis. “A gang of tears trudged from her eyes as she held on and refused to go inside.” This quote shows that Liesel’s has a strong relationship with her mother due to the fact that she doesn’t want to be apart from her. This is important because it contradicts the well-known statement that a mother's love in unconditional. Zusak uses this to challenge a point that most deem a fact. The relationships that are most important are those with our family members as we expect endless love, yet even abject hatred can destroy the strongest of bonds. One must be careful to not let the hate projected upon one to them to create a mutual hate. Zusak shows how dislike is destructive through Max’s obsessive hatred towards his oppressed; the nazis. Max’s relationship with the Nazi’s is filled with anger because of how the way his people were treated and hated by Hitler. “White light lowered itself into a boxing ring … Diagonally across, Adolf Hitler stood in the corner with his entourage” In this excerpt, Max’s true hatred is shown by him visioning a fight between him and Hitler. Zusak displays how the Nazi’s dislike of the Jews leads to Max sharing the same feelings for the Nazi’s. Hatred can start off being one
During Markus Zusak’s book we observe the beauty of humans at many times. One of the most beautiful things a human does is when Max, the jew the Hubermanns are hiding from the nazis, gives Liesel a book that he made himself. But he says that “Now I think we are friends, this girl and me. On her birthday it was she who gave a gift to me”(Zusak 235). Max made this book for leisel by taking paint from the basement and painting over pages in Mein Kampf. He lets the pages dry and then he writes a story on them. He makes this book for Liesel because he can’t afford to buy one, and even if he could he can’t leave the house. But when he gives Liesel the book we also examine humans doing something so unbelievably nice. Liesel accepts max as a friend. Which in the long run will help Max out a lot, because he is locked in the basement and he can’t even go up stairs during the day. So someone who is there to talk to him, and someone for him to talk to will help him out. Throughout this book we watch their friendship grow. Liesel feels bad for Max because he is stuck in the basement so on a regular basis she will tell Max what the weather is like...
When put into situations that test the humanity of people, what characteristics still show through? Shared humanity is a term used to explain what all humans have in common, and has six major categories: Loss, Morality, Survival, Relationships, Choices, and Emotions. The characteristics that seem to come out naturally, even in strange circumstances, are often things shared with all other humans. Major works, such as The Book Thief, How I Live Now, and Harry Potter Order of the Phoenix often show many examples of Shared Humanity and its effect on our lives.
To begin, the inner struggle of guilt is shown in many characters in The Book Thief. Max Vandenburg is the Jewish man that Liesel’s foster parents agreed to hide in their basement to escape the Nazis. Max says to Rosa and Hans Hubermann about hiding in their basement, “You will not hear from me. I will not make a sound” (Max, 207). It writes that to live, “The price was guilt and shame” (Zusak, 208). The Hubermanns are in considerable danger due to hiding Max from the Nazis. In order to hide himself from the persecution of the Nazis in that time, Max must risk those around him and this is a source of immense guilt for him to struggle with. Another character to struggle with guilt is Hans Hubermann, Liesel’s foster father. Ironically, Hans experiences significant guilt over an action that could be considered virtuous.
Many people, such as Liesel, conform to societal expectations in public while keeping their rebellion in private most of the time. They do this to survive in a culture that persecutes anybody that they disagree with or disagrees with them. For example, “‘I hate the Führer,’ she said. ‘I hate him.’… ‘Don’t ever say that!’… ‘You can say that in our house,’ he said, looking gravely at Liesel’s cheek. ‘But you never say it on the street, at school, at the BDM, never!’’ (p. 115-116) This was when Liesel found out that the Nazis took away her mother for being a communist and was naturally upset. Her foster father, Hans Hubermann, slapped her for saying that, at
In this everyday world seven billion people occupy, sacrifices are one object that can make or break ties to anything. Although sacrifices are not an actual human being, it is safe to say they should be treated like one. Every person in this non-cookie cutter universe has their own up close and personal experiences. In the The Book Thief by Markus Zusak, a world full of these so called sacrifices is unveiled. Each character has their own story and it is certainly told. Hans Hubermann is one of those characters that is impossible to forget. Throughout the duration of the book, the readers illustrate the values of Hans based off the sacrifices he makes. The values that are portrayed of Hans based off the sacrifices in the story are selfless, caring, and courageous.
The Holocaust attested that morality is adaptable in severe conditions. Traditional morality stopped being contained by the barbed wires of the concentration camps. Inside the camps, prisoners were not treated like humans and thus adapted to animal-like behavior needed to survive. The “ordinary moral world” (86) Primo Levi refers to in his autobiographical novel Se questo è un uomo (