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Guerilla warfare in the 20th century
Analysis of the Battle of Algiers
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It is 1957 and the Algerian war is at its prime as the FLN fight against an elite troop of ruthless French paratroopers. The Battle of Algiers is a portion of the Algerian war which was fought in order for Algeria to gain independence from France. The film starts off with the torturing of an old man to gain information on where the last of the freedom fighters, Ali Pointe is hiding. A large segment of the film is shot in flashbacks focusing on the past of Ali Pointe. Pointe was a ruffian with theft and drugs on his record; he joined the militants to assist in getting rid of the problems in Algeria associated with the French. With the flashbacks the film tells the struggles of the insurgents and the persistence of the French to end the war. It shows the transformation of the insurgency into a full out revolution. When the flashbacks ends and it is now present time Ali Pointe, along with the rest of the FLN leaders captured are beheaded. Through this, the FLN reciprocate and the insurgency becomes a full on national revolution with growth in numbers and support. The film ends with Algeria gaining the independence it strived for in 1962. The film is important in understanding asymmetric conflicts because despite being the weaker side, Algeria had proved itself to be much stronger than the French and had its newfound independence to show for it.
Insurgency is defined as a rebellion against an indigenous government or a foreign occupier. In an asymmetric war there are two sides a strong and a weak side which have two strategies each. The French, who were the “stronger” side used “direct attack” which aimed at destroying the weak actor’s (Algeria) armed forces and thereby their capacity to offer violent resistance. During the seco...
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...ll to fight, more superior strategy as well as support from the outside.
In conclusion, despite being portrayed as the weaker side of the war, Algeria came out on top and got what it wanted from France. The film and Record article both present the idea of asymmetric war as a topic of significance. What the United States can learn about insurgency and counterinsurgency operations is to construct a military that is trained and skilled in things such as the language and culture of the country so that it has a logistical advantage over the enemy as well as to put less focus on the technological aspect. More time should be devoted into building the will to fight in our soldiers so that we don’t lose to the weak. Overall looking into the strategies of why the weak win as well as adapting these strategies to our military will help us be more successful in our wars.
The world’s history is majorly shaped by mega wars that happen both inside and outside the boundaries of individual nations. Almost every sovereign state in the world had to forcefully liberate itself from its colonizers and oppressors mainly through warfare. For instance, America had to fight a long and exhausting revolutionary war against the British before it could attain its independence in 1783, likewise is the fate of many other nations. It is important to understand the two distinct types of wars that exist and their implications. Guerrilla warfare and the conventional military warfare are two types of war that are very different in their execution and military approach. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the similarities and differences existing between the American war in Vietnam and the American Revolution (Vetter, 1997).
Thinking historically while conducting counterinsurgency in the 21st century poses questions regarding how to develop political and strategic plans. This bibliographic essay will examine the political and military aspect of fighting counterinsurgent warfare by 20th century theorists Galula’s, “Counterinsurgency Warfare Theory and Practice” and Trinquier’s, “Counterinsurgency Warfare Theory and Practice”. Strategy in fighting guerilla wars will be discussed by comparing conflicts in battles and ideologies from the past to current day. Moreover, ways to avoid the one size fits all war mentality when combating modern day insurgents will be recommended.
In the spring and summer of 1954, French and Vietminh forces were battling fiercely over who would be in control of Vietnam. Things were beginning to look very bleak for the French forces trying to quell the uprisings of the Vietminh in their colonial possession of Indochina. An uprising by Vietnamese soldiers occurred on February 10, 1930, in the French colonial army's Yen Bai garrison, a small t...
The film begins with Cassius Clay Jr. before his championship debut against then heavyweight champion Sonny Liston. Cassius Clay goes into the fight as the underdog and is able to dominate the early rounds of the match, but halfway through the fight Clay complains of a burning feeling in his eyes due to Sonny Liston attempting to blind Cassius with a substance on his glove. Cassius regains his eyesight and easily dom...
1. I think the place of the movie is very important because even though World War 2 was happening it wasn't happening everywhere. I think that the setting of the movie was supposed to mean something to people of other countries, especially in America. If it had been set in America, it wouldn't have made much sense or as much as an impact because World War 2 wasn't a huge thing to Americans yet. The culture was also so different as well and I think it makes people look at that differently as well.
Throughout his life, he traveled around Latin America and pursued his passion of being a transnational revolutionary. His biggest success was in Cuba, however, his ideas and tactics were transcended into many other movements around the continent with the publication of his 1960 book, Guerrilla Warfare. Here, Guevara illustrates the situations, tactics and skills that are most effective for social revolution to occur. In his book, he delves into innate detail regarding the strategy, tactics and favorable environment for guerrilla warfare. Although he outlines the necessary conditions for a triumphant revolution, Guevara’s book was not useful for sparking any other successful insurgencies throughout Latin America because it downplays the significance of the urban resistance and popular support as important factors to consider within a successful social revolution.
There are still fairly serious discrepancies between Davis’s actual historical monograph and the depiction in the film. Most importantly, we see the trail in Toulouse in the film opened for the public while the fact is that “sixteenth-century criminal justice is always secret; there are no spectators until the sentence is read.” Moreover, the monograph positions Bertrande as being opposed to having an imposter for a husband as she openly rejected him as soon as she realised that he was not Martin Guerre. In the film, Bertrande likely already knew of the fake Martin Guerre and is collaborating with the imposter out of a dire need for a husband, and also out of love.
The 1950s was not a particularly good decade for France. The Fourth Republic, which had been established in the aftermath of the Second World War, remained unstable and lurched from crisis to crisis. Between 1946 and 1954, there had been a war in French Indo-China, between a nationalist force under Ho Chi Minh and the French. The war was long and bitter and towards the end, the French suffered the ignominy of losing the major fortress of Dien Bien Phu to the guerrillas on 7 May 1954. An armistice was sought with Ho Chi Minh, and the nations of North and South Vietnam emerged from the ashes of the colony. It is entirely likely that the success of the guerrillas influenced the Algerian insurrectionists, the National Liberation Front(FLN), in tactics and in the idea that the time was ripe to strike. It is clear that the FLN employed similar methods to those developed by the nationalists under Ho Chi Minh.1
The film, which is set in 1968, is structured in two main parts. The first takes place in a Marine boot camp, while the second shows the situation on the battlefield in Vietnam. The movie is quite atypical. In fact it does not homologate to the convectional conception of the classic war film. This particular aspect is evident once that the stylistic elements, both aesthetic and thematic, are analyzed. First of, it is pretty much impossible to identify a single protagonist, the hero whose
The movie I chose to analyze for historical accuracy was War Horse. This movie was set in the First World War, starting in Britain but the story also explored France and Germany during this time period as well. Three scenes will be analyzed: the trench warfare scene between the British and the Germans, the scene where the British soldiers were gassed, and the scene where the British were getting patched up and nursed. War Horse does well to stick to the historical accuracy of what happened during the First World War due to the fact that the three scenes that I have chosen to analyze are not embellished and are close to what really happened.
Band of Brothers is a ten part, eleven hour mini series directed by Tom Hanks and Steven Spielberg. The series aired on HBO in 2001 and is based on the book by Stephen Ambrose by the same title.
The Legion is story about Michael- the only archangel who ignored the order of God to destroy humanity. As the movie points out, God has used a flood to wipe out mankind last time. Now the execution is to be carried out by the archangels. Everybody was expected to follow the order except Michael who still has faith and affection with mankind. Michael disobeyed the order and comes to earth to protect the last hope of humanity- a child.
With one of the three pillars of colonial rule gone, the destruction of the French rule of the physical space and political economy of Algeria soon follows. In the case of the boy openly denouncing French propaganda and currying favor for the FLN, Pontecorvo depicts the break from the mentality that the Algerians must live under the Frenchmen, rather than as human equals. The second scene with the woman refusing rations provided by French soldiers emphasizes not only the idea that the Algerians are ready to break the mental shackles that bind and marginalize them, but also be seen as independent, without the care and protection of false French generosity. This marks a pivotal point in the process of revolution, as Fanon describes it, “For he knows that he is not an animal ; and it is precisely at the moment he realizes his humanity that he begins to sharpen the weapons with which he will secure its victory” (Fanon 43). In other words, once the psychological chains that burden the colonized into believing that they are subhuman and must serve under their colonizer break, they begin to see their own humanity and begin the process to fight for its rights. Ultimately, The Battle of Algiers effectively depicts the transition of the psychological state of the Algerian people from believing that they are incapable of self-rule to wanting to fight for their
During my conversation with Mike we talked about a couple of the key questions on the course syllabus. The first question I talked about was if expressive culture has the ability to build a global culture of ethics in order to minimize human suffering from violent atrocities. Personally I feel that expressive culture has the ability to do this, and I think that The Battle of Algiers film is a good example. There were multiple scenes in the film where French policeman and citizens used microaggressions towards the Algerian people to show their superiority to the minority group. The ghettoization of the Algerians was also a strong focal point in the film, because it reminded the audience of the ghettoization of jews in Europe before and during
The “Battle of Algiers” film focuses first on the sufferings of the Algerians segregated in the Kasbah, their poverty and their frustration. It then shows their warfare tactic of bomb attacks on the heart of the city in all its horror, the blood, the randomness of their victims. Finally, the arrival of special French troopers under the operational control of Lieutenant-Colonel Mathieu (inspired by general Massu) provoked an escalation of violence, torture and hate that culminated in the battle of the Kasbah, where the FLN momentarily lost before later winning the war and making Algeria an independent country.