Technology Changes Role of Database Administrator
The database administrator (DBA) is responsible for managing and coordinating all database activities. The DBA's job description includes database design, user coordination, backup, recovery, overall performance, and database security. The database administrator plays a crucial role in managing data for the employer. In the past the DBA job has required sharp technical skills along with management ability. (Shelly, Cashman, Waggoner 1992). However, the arrival on the scene of the relational database along with the rapidly changing technology has modified the database administrator's role. This has required organizations to vary the way of handling database management.
(Mullins 1995)
Traditional database design and data access were complicated. The database administrator's job was to oversee any and all database-oriented tasks. This included database design and implementation, installation, upgrade, SQL analysis and advice for application developers.. The DBA was also responsible for back-up and recovery, which required many complex utility programs that run in a specified order. This was a time-consuming energy draining task. (Fosdick
1995)
Databases are currently in the process of integration. Standardizing data, once done predominately by large corporations, is now filtering down to medium- size and small companies. The meshing of the old and new database causes administrators to maintain two or three database products on a single network.
(Wong 1995)
Relational database management systems incorporate complex features and components to help with logic procedures. This requires organizations to expand the traditional approach to database management and administration. The modern database management systems not only share data, they implement the sharing of common data elements and code elements. (Mullins 1995)
Currently, the more sought after relational database products are incorporating more and more complex features and components to simplify procedural logic. Due to the complexity of todays relational database, corporations are changing the established way of dealing with database management personnel. Traditionally, as new features were added to the database, more and more responsibility fell on the DBA. With the emergence of the relational database management system (RDBMS), we are now beginning to see a change in the database administrator's role.(Mullins 1995)
The design of data access routines in relational database demands extra participation from programmers. The database administrator simply checks the system's optimization choice, because technology is responsible for building access paths to the data. Program design and standard query language (SQL) tools have become essential requirements for the database administrator to do this job. However, this technology requires additional supervision and many DBAs are not competent in SQL analysis and performance monitoring. The database administrator had to learn to master the skills of application logic and programming techniques. (Mullins 1995)
The database administrator's job description and responsibilities have changed
Data administration is a fundamental piece of good IT administration, which thusly is a foundation in corporate administration. A fundamental part of the IT administration is data security, specifically relating to individual data. On the other hand, numerous associations don't have a reasonable arrangement for data security administration.
There are various standard forms of contract being used in the construction work, namely JCT (Joint Contract Tribunals), NEC (New engineering Contract), FIDIC (International Federation of Consulting Engineers). In which, Contract Administrator plays a key role as a referee between the Employer and Contractor.
In 1977, Larry Ellison, Bob Miner, and Ed Oates founded System Development Laboratories. After being inspired by a research paper written in 1970 by an IBM researcher titled “A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks” they decided to build a new type of database called a relational database system. The original project on the relational database system was for the government (Central Intelligence Agency) and was dubbed ‘Oracle.’ They thought this would be appropriate because the meaning of Oracle is source of wisdom.
In a report produced by Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA), it delivered a message that, under the influence of the financial crisis and the advanced development of information technology (IT), the remaining core difference to stand out a business lies in the decision-making function. This explains the trend of management accountants (MA) turning into a more advisory role (Burns, Quinn, Warren, Oliveira, 2013), or saying the emergence of business partner. Business partner, a role that supports the decision making process with their analytical skills, is evolved from the traditional MA, usually being stereotyped as ‘bean counter’ or ‘scorekeeper’ (Friedman and Lyne, 2007). Some scholars claimed that the emergence of business partner will change the role of MA yet some argued the role of MA has not changed much. The objective of this paper is to critically appraise the changing roles of management accountants. The cause of the change will be examined followed by evaluating the changes, and lastly the future of management accountants will be discussed.
Comparison between Mandatory Access Control (MAC), Discretionary Access Control (DAC) and Role Based Access Control (RBAC) Models in Database Management Systems
The database application design can be improved in a number of ways as described below:
DBA deals with all of this by finding user needs, set the database, and test the system. DBA should enable editing any system he or she created. At the same time DBA should ensure the security of the data and guarantee data integrity and backup. Moreover, DBAs should know the database management systems (DBMS) that include the knowledge of Oracle, IBM DB2, and Microsoft SQL server (“Database Administrator,” 2010). Oracle is one of the most important platforms that DBA must know and have experience with. According to Kanaracus “The database experience we look for most of the time is Oracle”, says Tom Hart, executive vice president of the operations and technology group at Veritude. “SQL Server is more of a nice-to-have"
[7] Elmasri & Navathe. Fundamentals of database systems, 4th edition. Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, CA. 2004.
Normalization, Integrity and Security are the important role for a DBA, Normalization helps to avoid data redundancy by reviewing data base structure at certain level. It helps to build an effective data model. Data Integrity provide some level of assurance over the information getting store and retrieved from database, DBA has to understand all DBMS features use them correctly for Data Integrity. Data Security is toughest part for DBA, auditing and multiple level security can protect data but none of them provide complete security, security can also be managed by encrypting and masking the organization data.
Some faculties and departments are already using Oracle applications in their day-to-day operations. As time goes by, more and more information users will be working with an application based on Oracle database technology. If you get the opportunity to be a member of an application development team, you will become familiar with the workings of Oracle and relational databases. Other users may have to learn about this popular database management system through their own experience. This article is for our readers who, as of yet, have no access to Oracle databases but have a yearning for learning what they're all about.
Probably the most common thought of career position within the information technology arena that garners the most OS-centric job description specifics is that of the system administrator or network administrator. A system administrator is a person employed to maintain and operate a computer system or network for a company or other organization. The duties of a system administrator are wide-ranging, and vary widely from one organization to another. Sysadmins are usually charged with installing, supporting, and maintaining servers or other computer systems, and planning for and responding to service outages and other problems. Other duties may include scripting or light programming, project management for systems-related projects, supervising or training computer operators, and being the equivalent of a handyman for computer problems beyond the knowledge of technical support staff.
Referential Integrity: States that "Foreign Key can be either a NULL value or should be Primary Key value of other relation.
Management accountants and the system of management accounting have had a core importance in working and operations of the corporates. Over the years they have been fulfilling their traditional job requirements such as bookkeeping, recording and reporting financial information. It is believed that as over the years business and corporate world has evolved and gone through many changes and management accountants being part of this system would also face transformation in their roles. It is the versatility that is being demanded today therefore a professional cannot limit or restrict itself to its particular job. It is a fact that management accountants are performing multiple jobs as a result of the increasing competition in the labour market. Therefore the aim of this report is to highlight how the corporate world has evolved over the years; how it demands changes in the role of management accountant, what are the factors that have contributed to these changed roles and the decisions they have to make.
Solutions Solutions are easily the most important part of creating a safer work environment. Identifying issues found in the workplace and the injuries that may arise is important in itself, but eliminating these risks must be what comes from this identification. Solutions may come in a variety of different forms and strengths (Michael, 2001). Types of solutions may be broken down into three layers of protection in strength and the operation of these solutions. The first form and strongest is engineering controls be put into place (Michael, 2001).
In our world, people rely heavily on the power of technology every day. Kids are learning how to operate an iPad before they can even say their first word. School assignments have become virtual, making it possible to do anywhere in the world. We can receive information from across the world in less than a second with the touch of a button. Technology is a big part of our lives, and without it life just becomes a lot harder. Just like our phones have such an importance to us in our daily lives, database management systems are the same for businesses. Without this important software, it would be almost impossible for companies to complete simple daily tasks with such ease.