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History of career technical education
Theories of vocational education
Theories of vocational education
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Technical education is not the same today it was years ago, “in the past vocational education was frequently seen as a placement for the students who could not make the grade in academic courses,”(1) or vocational education was thought only to be for students that are not going to college, possible dropouts, or students that have special needs. Today, this negative opinion is starting to change. Among high school students, nearly all will take some vocational courses, “80 percent take at least one occupationally specific vocational course, and one in eight academic students actually take more vocational courses than vocational students do.”(3)
On the job training and the vocational education system in America started as far back as colonial times. In 1647 was “the first education law passed in America, the Old Deluder Satan Act of the Massachusetts Bay Colony”(2,5); what this law means is that if a township has 50 or more homes they are required to provide a teacher to teach reading and writing for children, if there are more homes than they have to provide a grammar school to prepare the youth for university studies. It also stated that if the towns ignored this order for more than one year, the towns would pay 5 pounds to the next school till they carry out the command. By the Civil War era, during reconstruction, a need developed for a new type of school that could prepare people for employment. In 1868, the first trade school was organized and in 1881; the New York Trade School was the first to give specific training and additional studies that was linked to each trade. In 1891, another trade school was founded in Philadelphia, taking the place of apprenticeship training.(4)
Fast forward to the twentieth century, American...
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...pared students for good-paying jobs, 92 percent agreed or strongly agreed that vocational education can lead students to go to college, only 4 percent agreed that vocational education led to low-skill jobs, 98 percent said that internships or apprenticeships in different career fields were appropriate for high school juniors and seniors, 90 percent said that real work-based problems or career-related projects were a good way to teach subjects like math and English.”(3) Maybe with today’s decline in the economy and the way technology is on the rise, people are looking to have a vocational education because they maybe more likely to have a job when entering the job force, verses a college degree and that won’t guarantee a job in that field. The survey results and changing positive attitudes demonstrate that technical education is not the same today it was years ago.
The university-statehouse-industrial complex has grown such that the traditional models of primary and secondary education have survived two or three decades beyond their practical use. With a public school system that segregates and discriminates based on, “college material or not?” (Brolin & Loyd, 1989) and a university system that places only one in five graduates in work in their field of major (cite), our educational system has passed its prime and is still training and educating for 20th century job markets that no longer exist. The way that we educate and what we educate for and why needs rethinking from the top down and needs to be more practical and pragmatic. Career and technical education (CTE) consisting of specialized, targeted, and focused vocational programs at all levels do more than just prepare a student for a real job – these programs have practical education and socialization value that conventional classrooms centered around a teacher’s monologue for many do not. Nowhere is the added value of such targeted programs more useful and valuable than in special classes, courses, and CTE training aimed at students with disabilities.
In the article “Against School”, John Taylor Gatto urges Americans to see the school system as it really is: testing facilities for young minds, with teachers who are pounding into student 's brains what society wants. Gatto first explains that he taught for 30 years at the best and worst schools in Manhattan. He claims to have firsthand experience of the boredom that students and teachers struggle with. Gatto believes that schooling is not necessary, and there are many successful people that were self-educated. He then explains the history and importance of mandatory schooling.
In the United States, the history of Career and Technical Education evolved within four major periods. First, the Awakening period which began in 1776-1826, when the right to a free public education was expressed. During this era, educational opportunities in labor and industrial education were being demanded. The rising working class began to press for an education that were more appropriate for their labor and industry’s needs (Awakening 1776-1826, 1976). Even Benjamin Franklin who represented the Awakening middle class was on board with the rise of technical and vocational education which were taught primarily by private masters or contracted apprenticeships (Cohen, 1976).
Dana Goldstein a journalist from The Nation says that, “47 million American jobs are expected to be created between now and 2018, and about two-thirds will require some sort of education beyond high school.” In making this comment, Goldstein is showing us that the only way to be prosperous in the future is to educate our children. Goldstein goes on to say that, “27 percent of workers with occupational licenses earn more than the average recipient of a bachelor’s degree.” In other words, Goldstein is trying to tell us that a bachelor 's degree isn 't the only way to go and that we need to increase funding for vocational schools and community
The intellectual culture expressed in literature and education was for the Americans to receive the basic reading level skills. In 1647 Massachusetts established a law, which required each town to support a public school. Others who did not support public schools, had church schools and “dame”, or private classes in the instructor’s house. Even though this does not sound familiar, people of the white race were the only ones to receive education, especially white males. Men had a higher degree of literacy than females, but Americans had a higher rate of literacy than most European
Career and technical education courses are intended to prepare high school students to enter the work force in a skilled trade. It equips the students with the experience and education necessary to succeed in an average skill level job while maintaining the student’s interest. In an article that focuses on an aviation CTE program, a “senior policy analyst at the Morrison Institute, said that Career and Technical Education provides another opportunity for students who struggle in high school.” The assumption is that students who struggle in high school presumably do not want another four years of education to attain a bachelor’s degree. Until recently, schools have been excessively geared towards college readiness. The dogma was elementary school, high school, college, without exception. With this “one size fits all” education system in place, a different education course had to evolve. CTE courses offer a break from the tedious grind by introducing career readiness as an alternative. In place of the four years in a college, CTE programs gives student...
How were you first introduced to CS? How have you continued to develop your technical skills and seek additional exposure to the field?
If more people went to college, and less went the vocational route, jobs will take a momentous hit. Today, companies will not even touch an application that does not include a Bachelor’s Degree; even if the Bachelor’s Degree has nothing to do with the job being applied for. Attention is not given to whether the hopeful applicant qualifies for the job; all that matters is that the applicant has a Bachelor’s degree. Murray best sums up the American job market when he says, “Employers do not value what the student learned, just that the student has a degree” (Murray). However, if less people obtain a Bachelor’s Degree, employers will be forced to base applicants on their skills, and abilities. Furthermore, important vocational jobs that lie vacant will be filled. Good electricians, carpenters, and construction workers will always be in
Reducing the dropout rate is the most common outcome of vocational education for at-risk populations
In early colonial days, most education took place in the home through dame schools In 1647, Massachusetts passed the "Old Deluder Satan Law," requiring that every town of 50 households appoint and pay a teacher of reading and writing, and every town of 100 households provide a Latin grammar school. This law o...
Gender, social status, and the region in which a child lived determined how much schooling a child would receive and where and how they would get it. Children of the upper class were either taught in private schools or by a tutor. They were taught reading, writing, prayers, and simple math ("Education") . They were taught using repetition from the Bible, a religion-based reading supplement called a primer, and/or a paddle-shaped (also religious) horn book ("Schooling"). The upper-class boys were taught more advanced academic subjects, and may have been sent to boarding school in England or another state. The girls were taught to assume the duties of a wife and mother and obtained basic knowledge so they could read the Bible and record expenses ("Education"). While the south had very few laws for education because of its population, the middle and northern colonies (and then states) had established guidelines for their citizens. Pennsylvania's Law of 1683 set a monetary penalty for any parent whose children could not read and write by age twelve, and who were not taught a useful trade. By 1642 the northern colonies had already mandated a public education or apprenticeship for children, one grammar school for towns with more that one-hundred families, and an elementary school for towns with more than fifty.
To paraphrase Alexander Pope, “True ease in welding comes from art, not chance, as those move easiest who have learned to work the puddle.” The puddle is what forms when I first start a weld; however, working the puddle means controlling the weld puddle to form a consistent weld. I think college will not truly teach me how to work the puddle and will not give me the experience I want. I think technical school will truly teach me how to work the puddle and give me the best experience for the welding industry. I think college’s cost, length, job outlook, and social experience is worse versus technical school’s cost, length, job outlook, and social experience. Technical school will ease me into the welding industry with the learning of a true
A real education is something that everyone should value, and all of us should strive to live up to our true potential. Contrary to popular belief, heading off to a four-year college to reach that true potential may not necessarily be the right choice for everyone. Vocational training is not only less expensive than college, but it is also a better use of time and provides students with skills critical for their job of interest. In six months, the class of 2014 will put on their caps and gowns and walk across the stage with their diplomas. All of those graduates will be excited to move onto the next chapter of life. But what path will they choose? Will they go with the flow, or will they take a walk down the unbeaten path?
Vocational and technical schools offer these people a second chance at finding the career that they will love. According to fifty-year-old Jeff Martinelli, “For a guy like me, with no college, it’s become pretty bleak out there” (qtd. by Egan 106). Martinelli spent most of his life operating heavy machinery at Kaiser Aluminum until it shut down a few years ago. He started working there right out of high school and didn’t pursue any further education. Now, he has no certification and no degree. It is nearly impossible to find a good job without either a degree or certification. Vocational schools offer people like Martinelli a second chance. He can take just one year and do a program at a technical school to get a certificate. With that certificate, he will be able to provide for his family again. At a technical school, they don’t just have young people straight out of high school. According to Fox Business, interest in vocational schools spans high school students, 4-year school graduates, and people who want to improve their skills or switch careers. That means that everyone has a chance to get the job that they are passionate about, no matter what their previous
Whitehead, A.N. (2009). The Industrial Revolution and the Role of Science and Technology in the Development of Technical Education. Available: http://technicaleducationmatters.org/page/14/. Last accessed 2th Jan 2014.