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Chapter 3 “Recall and Reflect” Question 4: What was the intellectual culture of colonial America, as expressed in literature, philosophy, science, education, and law? The intellectual culture expressed in literature and education was for the Americans to receive the basic reading level skills. In 1647 Massachusetts established a law, which required each town to support a public school. Others who did not support public schools, had church schools and “dame”, or private classes in the instructor’s house. Even though this does not sound familiar, people of the white race were the only ones to receive education, especially white males. Men had a higher degree of literacy than females, but Americans had a higher rate of literacy than most European …show more content…
Alan Brinkley states on page ninety-five in American History Volume I: To 1865, “Changes in the law in America resulted in part from the scarcity of English-trained lawyers, who were almost unknown in the colonies until 1700.” Yes, laws were based on English political ideals, but the system of their government is self-government, who self-rule, modern day democracy, versus royal government. The people in America followed old English law traditions, but allowed the people to have representation in their …show more content…
The British started to do direct taxation on the American colonies to pay off debt from the Seven Years’ War. This allowed the Parliament to earn money from the American colonies to pay off war debt and take control of trade, which profited the British. As for the colonists, this was found to be unreasonable due to the fact that the British were taxing the colonists because the British extra-curricular activities, such as the Seven Years’ War. This very much upset the colonists, but made the Parliament feel more at ease to gain money to pay off debt and make profit from colonial
After the Seven Years Way England was broke for she had spent more money needed to win the war. Also winning the war gave the colonist a “we can do it spirit”. However because England now was facing debt she decided to tax the colonies. One the first acts passed was the sugar act passed in 1764. This Act was the raise revenue in American colonies. What it did was lowered the tax from six penses to three penses per gallon on foreign molasses. Molasses is a product made by refining sugarcane, grapes or sugar beets into sugar. This upset the colonist because before the sugar act they didn’t have to pay the tax so even if it was lowered that meant nothing for they now had to pay for it. A year later, in 1765, the Britain’s passed another act known as the Stamp Act. The Stamp Act put a tax on stamped paper, publications, playing cards, etc. Because it was on all paper products in a way it affected everyone; from the papers for the upper class such as lawyers, publications such as newspapers for the middle class, and playing cards for the lower class for entertainment. Next, the Townshend Act passed by Charles Townshend. This came in 1767, which imposed taxes on colonial tea, lead, paint, paper, and glass which just like the Stamp Act affected all of the classes in the colonist in the Americas. Though this act was removed three years later in 1770, it still left colonists with a warning that conditions may become worse. Around 1773, parliament passed the Intolerable Acts one of those acts which affected taxation was the Bost...
From 1754-1763, Britain fought the French and Indian war. Although Britain had won the war, they still had a lot of war debts to pay off. Britain turned to the colonies to pay off their debts by taxing them. The taxes angered the colonists because they believed it violated their rights. Benjamin Franklin had initially proposed the Albany plan of Union to unite the colonies, however this law was rejected by all of the colonial governments. It wasn't until after all of the British laws and taxes that the colonies would unite and write the Declaration of Independence.
The British colonies in America from the time they were established up until around 1763 had a policy of Salutary Neglect. Salutary Neglect meant that the British would not interfere with the colonies national or even international affairs. This benefitted the colonies, they got to experience some forms of democracy, and they also were able to experience independence in a way though they took it for granted. The British after the Seven Years War, which was fought on American soil, for the Americans protection, decided that the colonies should be required to pay for it in taxes. Britain was in debt, and their economy was in a recession, so the well off colonies tax money would have helped them considerably. The tax would only be the beginning to a long line of British policies further upsetting the colonial people.
One democratic feature of colonial America was the Rule of Law.This said that everyone had to obey the law and no one was above the law.During colonial America,the rule of law meant that there were certain rules that people had to follow and abide to.In Document Three “The Fundamental orders of Connecticut”
In this political philosophy the colonies had originally made a charter with the king who set a custom that he was to provide for the defense of the colonially while each colony maintained the right to legislative self-rule. Jefferson would state, “the addition of new states to the British Empire has produced an addition of new, and sometimes opposite interests. It is now therefore, the great office of his majesty to resume the exercise of his negative power, and to prevent the passage of laws by any one legislature of the empire, which might bear injuriously on the right and interest of another” (A Warning to the King: Thomas Jefferson, “A Summary View of the Rights of British-America”, Green, p. 234). In other words, for Americans to preserve the true ancient British constitution, it was vital to establish that parliament did not have authority over them, because they could never be required to give up actual popular consent or governance in the British Parliament. Thomas Hutchinson stated this idea clear, “The king might retain the executive power and also his share of the legislative without any abridgement of our rights as Englishmen, the Parliament could not retain their legislative power without depriving them of those rights, for after removal they could no longer be represented, and their sovereign, sensible of this charter or commissions made provision in every colon for legislature
After the French and Indian War ended in 1763, Great Britain had nearly gone bankrupt paying for the war. The British thought it was only logical to start new taxes against the colonists. After all, to the British, they had fought the war in the name of the colonies and in what they believed was in their best interest. Many different types of taxes came and went to help pay for the debt. Over time, the
During the Seven Years War, the British sent over ten thousand troops to America to deal with property problems at the frontier. This cost a large amount of money, and Britain did not want to see the sum come out of its own pocket. To pay for some of the expense, Britain began to pass acts to tax the colonists and lighten the severe debt the empire was in.
In the 1770’s the American colonists were being taxed too much by the British and they started to want their independence. Britain was taxing the colonists to pay their debts from the French and Indian War. The colonists started to fight back by tarring and feathering some tax collectors. Britain sent troops to the colonies which caused more problems.
Religion was the foundation of the early Colonial American Puritan writings. Many of the early settlements were comprised of men and women who fled Europe in the face of persecution to come to a new land and worship according to their own will. Their beliefs were stalwartly rooted in the fact that God should be involved with all facets of their lives and constantly worshiped. These Puritans writings focused on their religious foundations related to their exodus from Europe and religions role in their life on the new continent. Their literature helped to proselytize the message of God and focused on hard work and strict adherence to religious principles, thus avoiding eternal damnation. These main themes are evident in the writings of Jonathan Edwards, Cotton Mathers, and John Winthrop. This paper will explore the writings of these three men and how their religious views shaped their literary works, styles, and their historical and political views.
This outraged the colonists because part of the rights they held to be irrevocable was that they could not be deprived of their property unwillingly. And also they could not be deprived of liberty. The colonists genuinely considered the taxation by the crown to be theft, in no uncertain terms. One can be quite sure that there were, of course, exceptions to this generalization, but as a whole Americans were not happy. To ensure that the massive war debts could be paid, the taxes were raised several times until it was necessary to send soldiers to start enforcing the taxation. These soldiers were unwelcome visitors that caused the colonists to be infuriated and gradually the murmuring of the people against the crown became an audible groan of a country struggling to rise into the ranks of legitimacy as a self-governing, established, power. “Growing pains” if you will. These taxes grew increasingly harsh starting with the sugar tax and then continuing on with the stamp act, the Townshend Acts, the tea act, and eventually culminating in the intolerable acts. So named because after the colonists threw what was basically a massive temper tantrum, Great Britain put the colonists in the proverbial
The seven years war left the British in millions of dollars in debt and the british thought that they could get away with taxing the colonist in America and get away with it. Following the war against the French and the Native Americans, the British went into major debt and they enforced multiple taxes and acts on the colonist in the Americas. These taxations were unfair, and the colonists decided to boycott these acts, which caused the British to repeal. A very famous reaction to one of the
Gender, social status, and the region in which a child lived determined how much schooling a child would receive and where and how they would get it. Children of the upper class were either taught in private schools or by a tutor. They were taught reading, writing, prayers, and simple math ("Education") . They were taught using repetition from the Bible, a religion-based reading supplement called a primer, and/or a paddle-shaped (also religious) horn book ("Schooling"). The upper-class boys were taught more advanced academic subjects, and may have been sent to boarding school in England or another state. The girls were taught to assume the duties of a wife and mother and obtained basic knowledge so they could read the Bible and record expenses ("Education"). While the south had very few laws for education because of its population, the middle and northern colonies (and then states) had established guidelines for their citizens. Pennsylvania's Law of 1683 set a monetary penalty for any parent whose children could not read and write by age twelve, and who were not taught a useful trade. By 1642 the northern colonies had already mandated a public education or apprenticeship for children, one grammar school for towns with more that one-hundred families, and an elementary school for towns with more than fifty.
...Education. Ed. James W. Guthrie. 2nd ed. Vol. 5. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2002. 1655-1658. U.S. History in Context. Web. 4 Jan. 2014
Well Britain did not realize how upset the American people would get under taxation without representation. While it is true that Americans were paying much less in taxes than the people of Britain, Americans were making a lot of money for Britain. The seven years war had just ended with Britain coming out on top. While at first this was a great morale booster, but the country soon began to realize the amount of debt that had piled up (LaBarge 1). The logical thing to do was to tax the people more. This did not go over well with the Americans. The British imposed such taxes as the Stamp Act which required all paper products sold to have a stamp on them which was like a sales tax (Cogliano 1). Other taxes included the sugar tax which made merchants pay a large tax on imported sugar and molasses. While the Americans expected to pay taxes they were fed up with going from paying very low taxes to extremely high taxes in a short amount of time. As America's population grew more and more citizens started to become mad with the
Can you imagine America without an educational system? Well I can’t! Well that’s what our country had to face while it was in its infancy. When the war for independence successfully birthed this nation it had no educational system in place. Just how did early America handle education? Being that education mean to develop mentally, morally, or aesthetically especially by instruction. The way that America handled education can be split into the following four topics which are, where they learned, what they learned, the decline of village schools, and the increase in education for girls. Today we directly benefit from the reformer’s movements.