1. What are some of the other symptoms of TB disease not mentioned above?
Other symptoms of TB disease are: fever, sweating, difficulty eating, fatigue, and weight loss.
2. In the U.S., Certain populations have a disproportionate rate of TB. Which populations are these?
There are 4 states that have the highest rate of TB including, California, Texas, New York, and Florida. The races that have the highest rate of TB are respectively: Asia, Hispanic and African-American. Also, the rate of TB is more elevated among homeless.
3. How have antibiotic resistant strains of M. tuberculosis hindered treatment?
Antibiotic resistant strains of M. tuberculosis can hinder treatment by activating and multiplying the M. tuberculosis which will then cause a TB disease.
4.
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Why are many health care workers required to get tested for TB?
Many health care workers are required to get tested for TB to determine whether they have being affected by TB bacteria and to take further precautions to not get sick and or contaminated patients.
5. A chest x-ray is used occasionally to detect lung damage in TB patients. What is the radiologist looking for in the x-ray?
In the x-ray, the radiologist is looking to see whether the person has an active tuberculosis infection or not.
6. How are giant African rats being used to detect TB?
Giant African rats are used to smell sputum samples to detect the presence of TB bacteria. Theses Giant African rats stop when they detect the presence of TB bacteria in the samples. However, they keep on smelling without stop, when there is no presence of TB bacteria.
7. What other sites in the body can be infected by M. tuberculosis?
Other sites in the body that can be infected by M. tuberculosis are: brain, kidney, bone, spine, skin, and lymph nodes.
8. What is the primary habitat for M. tuberculosis?
The primary habitat for M. tuberculosis are people affected by pulmonary diseases.
Questions: Fungal Infections of the Respiratory
Paul Farmer designed several studies that he used to help create new TB treatment methods, including a study about a system called active case finding, which helps find TB cases more quickly. The previous system of tuberculosis case finding is known as passive case finding. Passive case finding is when tu...
In the radiology profession first you must write the patient’s file. This includes information about insurance, medical history, what the required x-ray is for and where it is going to be taken on the body. Writing in this way is similar to writing a small research paper. You must do research on the patients and there history and what insurance they have. Writing the report is important because the information must be accurate so the patient can be helped as much as possible. If the information about medical history is incorrect it can cause a huge problem for the patient. For example, if the patient is claustrophobic they would need to get an open room x-ray where the patient isn’t in an enclosed tube so they don’t have a panic attack and potentially injure themselves and others. It is very important to make sure the report has the correct area of where the x-ray needs to be taken. Having the wrong part of the body x-...
B. 1. It affects approximately 1 in 133 people. 2. Celiac disease has the highest prevalence in Caucasians. It is more commonly diagnosed in adulthood.
Signs and Symptoms of Active Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) is a slender, rod-shaped, aerobic bacillus which causes tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborn infection which is transmitted via inhaling droplet nuclei circulating in the air. These droplets are expelled from the respiratory secretion of people who have active TB through coughing, sneezing, and talking (Porth, 2011). Some bacilli stay in the upper airway and are swept out by mucus-secreting goblet cells and cilia on the surface of the airway.
Tuberculosis is an air-borne disease, hence, it can be passed from an infected person to a healthy individual through coughing, sneezing and other salivary secretions. Tuberculosis is caused by the transfer of Mycobacteriun Tuberculosis (M. Tuberculosis) also known as Tubercle Bacillus, a small particle of 1-5 microns in diameter, due to the small size, when an infected person sneezes or coughs, about 3,000 particles are expelled. M. Tuberculosis responsible for tuberculosis is able to stay in the air for a long period of time (about 6hoursAnother way of acquiring Tuberculosis is by drinking unpasteurized milk, milk straight from cow, although this is not a common mode of transmission, it can be found in rural areas. Ingestion of contaminated cow milk transmits Mycobacterium Bovis, the animal form which is still potent enough to cause tuberculosis in humans. ). Tuberculosis transmission is affected by exposure, socioeconomic status of person, proximity, immune status of uninfected individual (%&&%&? CDC).
Tuberculosis has many forms that can invade the body. Many cures involve drugs and multiple combinations of the drugs. Drugs are used in combinations because tuberculosis can travel to different parts of the body. One of the causes for the spread of tuberculosis around the world is the emergence drug- resistance strain. Tuberculosis can become resistant to most, if not all, of the drugs that are used to treat tuberculosis.
Modern medicine is capable of treating a tremendous range of human disease and injuries, but the usefulness of all medical specialties depends on accurate diagnosis. Virtually every conceivable medical specialty relies on radiological technologies to provide formal diagnoses, making radiology one of the most important of all medical specialties. Radiologists enjoy some of the best working conditions in modern medicine and typically experience very positive employment conditions. Consequently, their services are generally in very high demand, with many starting out with six-figure annual incomes immediately after completion of their professional training.
For example, when people do not complete the full course of treatment, or health care providers who prescribe wrong treatment, the wrong dose, or wrong length of time for taking the drugs, the TB virus can create resistance to further treatment, which can also lead to tuberculosis severity.
This turn of events presents us with an alarming problem. Strains of bacteria that are resistant to all prescribed antibiotics are beginning to appear. As a result, diseases such as tuberculosis and penicillin-resistant gonorrhea are reemerging on a worldwide scale (1). Resistance first appears in a population of bacteria through conditions that favor its selection. When an antibiotic attacks a group of bacteria, cells that are highly susceptible to the medicine will die.
The most effective way to combat pathogenic bacteria which invade the body is the use of antibiotics. Overexposure to antibiotics can easily lead to resistant strains of bacteria. Resistance is dangerous because bacteria can easily spread from person to person. Simple methods for preventing excessive bacterial spread are often overlooked. Not all preventative measures are even adequate. Doctors and patients often use antibiotics unnecessarily or incorrectly, leading to greater resistance. Antibiotics are used heavily in livestock and this excessive antibiotic use can create resistant bacteria and transfer them to humans. In order to reduce resistant bacteria,
The evolution of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is inevitable. One might say that it is a part of the evolutionary process of life. Resistance to antibiotics creates a major problem for the treatment of infections and disease, but there are steps that can be taken to reduce the effects. By understanding the history, origin, and functions of antibiotics and bacteria, solutions can be developed. As of today, scientists and doctors are fighting the bacterial resistance to antibiotics by taking steps such as proper consultation before prescribing certain antibiotics, and deeper research about bacteria and antibiotics. There are numbers of short-term fixes that help slow the process of resistance, but a long-term fix is yet to be discovered.
"Imaging and radiology." Magill's Medical Guide, 4th Rev. ed.. 2008. eLibrary. Web. 16 Dec. 2013.
Tuberculosis is transmitted by inhalation of aerosols containing the tubercle bacilli. The required inoculum size for infection is usually high, but easily occurs with exposure to a patient who is currently infected. The products of dried aerosols, droplet nuclei, are particularly infectious because they remain in the air for an extended time, and upon inhalation easily move to the alveoli. The severe damage related to infection is caused by the reaction of the host. The tuberculosis infection has two phases, primary and secondary.
There are several ways to prevent tuberculosis. One is to control existing infections from those infected including people, pets, and cows. Unfortunately, more than 1/3 of the population has tuberculosis, making it hard to contain every case of tuberculosis. The BCG vaccine exists, but it is not very useful in countries like the US. The body’s defenses against tuberculosis are effective but fail once the immune system becomes suppressed. Antibiotics can be used to help prevent tuberculosis, but tuberculosis quickly grows resistant to antibiotics. Much needed research is being done to find a way to fight off and prevent tuberculosis.