System Theory Essay

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.2.2 System Theory According to Heighten and Joslyn, (1992), system theory is a trans disciplinary study of the abstract organization of phenomena independent of their substance and their scale of exist-ence. The theory was originally proposed by biologist Ludwig on Bertalaffy in 1928 and has been adapted in various systems or organizations. Von Bertalaffy (1956) defines a system as elements that interact with the external environment of the organization. Von Bertalanffy fos-ters system thinking in all disciplines in order to find general principles valid to all systems. It introduces ‘system’ as a new scientific paradigm contrasting the analytical mechanical para-digm, characterizing classical science (von Bertalaffy, 1950). A fundamental The organization needs to continuously monitor on whether the objectives are met. Feedback comes from human re-sources carrying out the processes (employees) and many other areas affected by the organiza-tion. This is mainly done through research which of the system. Schaech (2004), says it is very important for a system to have a control mechanism that ensures that information from the system output is evaluated against the system and provide feedback on this evaluation so to further inform the inputs. The systems theory provides a new way of viewing management because it provokes managers to look at their institutions from a broader perspective (Schoech, 2004). According to system theory, it is important to pay close attention to the in-terrelations of different component of their organizations and not look at one thing at a time but a part of a Social organizations are then open systems due to their material exchanges with the envi-ronment. Emery and Trist (1960) instead address organizations as socio-technical systems, underlining the two main components seen as a system: social component (people), and a technical component (technology and

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