Testing the Suitability of Using Alum Synthesis as a Method of Recycling Aluminum
Introduction: According to The Aluminum Association, “Americans throw away nearly $1 billion worth of aluminum cans every year” (The Aluminum Association,2014). With the increasing number of aluminum cans being disposed of in landfills annually, it is important to investigate ways to cut back on waste and how these products can be recycled in the most efficient way possible. The purpose of the lab was to further understand the chemical processes that occur during the recycling of aluminum, ultimately determining the efficiency of this method. In order to investigate the various reactions present within alum synthesis, aluminum can pieces and potassium hydroxide were used
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The acid base reaction was identified knowing compounds containing OH are bases and compounds with H+ are considered acids. The reactions were also identified as metathesis because “bimolecular reaction involve only two reactants” ( During the reactions, it was observed when potassium aluminum hydroxide was mixed with sulfuric acid, the transparency of the mixture was altered from clear to opaque and the consistency of the mixture was described as a slushy-like. The mixture had to be heated on a hot plate in order to prevent the formation of solid material taking place prematurely while the sulfuric acid was still being added. After being heated, the consistency of the mixture was liquefied than before without the almost solid material present. The final reaction took place when alum crystals were formed when the products of the two previous reactions reacted with each other. The potassium sulfate in the second reaction, the aluminum sulfate in the third reaction, and the water from both reactions became the reactants used in the final reaction of alum
The purpose for this lab was to use aluminum from a soda can to form a chemical compound known as hydrated potassium aluminum sulfate. In the lab aluminum waste were dissolved in KOH or potassium sulfide to form a complex alum. The solution was then filtered through gravity filtration to remove any solid material. 25 mLs of sulfuric acid was then added while gently boiling the solution resulting in crystals forming after cooling in an ice bath. The product was then collected and filter through vacuum filtration. Lastly, crystals were collected and weighed on a scale.
That familiar fizzing you hear when you drop an Alka Seltzer tablet into a glass of water is the result of a chemical reaction, and chemical reactions are extremely prevalent when it comes to what living things do to carry out life processes. In addition, environmental conditions can alter the results of chemical reactions, and in this lab, we will be answering the
Procedure: Anisole (0.35mL, 0.0378mol) was obtained and placed in a pre-weighed 25 mL round bottom flask, along with 2.5 mL of glacial acetic acid and a magnetic stir bar. Then the reaction apparatus was assembled, the dry tube was charged with conc. sodium bi sulfate, the 25 mL round bottom was attached to the apparatus, and 5 mL of Br2/HBr mixture was obtained and placed in the round bottom. The reaction took place for 20 minutes. An orange liquid was obtained and placed in a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask along with 25 mL of water and 2.5 mL of conc. Sodium bisulfate soln. The solution was then placed in an ice bath to precipitate and then the solid product was filter in a Buchner funnel. These crystals were then re-dissolved minimum amount of hot solvent (heptane) and recrystallized. Once a dry product was obtained, a melting point was established (2,4-Dibromoanisol mp 55-58 C) and percent yield was established (52%).
The sand is If the water with Alka-Seltzer tablets is stirred during the reaction, then the rates of reactions will increase because the particles will be forced to make contact with each other and... ... middle of paper ... ...results anomalies because they are the outcome of dissociation of calcium and magnesium ions,. Evaluation: What is the difference between My results were very reliable, because by looking at my graphs I can see a trend that relates to my scientific background. It is also evident that I have obtained a reliable set of results when I see that.
Abstract: This week we experimentally determined the rate constant k for the reaction 2HCl (aq) +Na2S2O3 (aq) → S (s) + SO2 (aq) + H2O (l) + 2NaCl (aq). In order to do this the average reaction time was recorded in seconds during two trials. The data from the experiment shows this reaction is in the first order overall: rate=.47s-1 [HCl]0 [Na2S2O3]1. These findings seem to be consistent with the expected results
Introduction: The purpose of this lab was to cycle solid copper through a series of chemical forms and return it to its original form. A specific quantity of copper undergoes many types of reactions and goes through its whole cycle, then returns to its solid copper to be weighted. We observed 5 chemical reactions involving copper which are: Redox reaction (which includes all chemical reactions in which atoms have their oxidation state changed), double displacement reaction, precipitation reaction, decomposition reaction, and single displacement reaction. 4HNO3(aq) + Cu(s) --> Cu (NO3)2(aq) + 2H2O (l) + 2NO2(g) Oxidation reduction reaction Cu (NO3)2(aq) + 2 NaOH (aq) --> Cu (OH)2(s) + 2 NaNO3(aq) Precipitation Reaction Cu (OH)2(s) + heat --> CuO (s) + H2O (l) Decomposition reaction CuO (s) + H2SO Data Results: (mass of copper recovered / initial mass of copper) x 100 Mass of copper recovered: 0.21 Initial mass of copper: 0.52 (0.21/0.52)x100 =40.38%.
The hydrolysis of salts can be determined on the basis of the strength of the acid or base which forms it. If the salt is formed from a strong acid and a strong base, such as NaCl, the salt will form a neutral solution, since the anions of the acid and the cations of the base will not react with the water. A salt from a weak base and a strong acid, with NH4Cl as an example, will form an acidic solution. This is due to the cations from the base that increase the hydrogen ion concentration, by donating protons, which is known as a Bronsted acid. When concerning a salt formed by a weak acid and a strong base, such as Na C2H3O2, a basic solution will form. The anions of a weak acid in water will generate hydroxide ions, since the molecule will accept protons. It is termed as a Bronsted base. Though no examples were present, the salt that forms from a weak acid and a weak base can be determined by comparing the Ka (cation) and the Kb (anion) values. Most metallic ions, those found in groups 1A and 2A on the periodic table, such as Ca2+, a strong base, will have no reaction with water. However, all other metallic ions will undergo hydrolysis to form an acidic solution, such as KAl (SO4)2. As the Al is the molecule that was hydrolyzed, the spectator ions would not be present in the hydrolysis reaction, as is shown in the net ionic equations
perform a lot of procedures in order to obtain an anhydrous alum at the end. What we first wanted to obtain was a hydrated alum crystal. To achieve this, we broken down aluminum foil into pieces and let it reacts with 25mL of 3M KOH. Next, we filtered it to get rid of any undissolved particles. Furthermore, we heated the solution and let it rest until crystals were formed, and then cooled it once again to get the hydrated alum crystals. Then, we washed/filtered the crystals by wetting them with a non-soluble solution and let the crystals dry. After that, we took 2g of the alum crystals and burned them on a crucible, taking its mass beforehand. Lastly, we heated the solution for five more minutes and let it cool to room temperature.
A chemical reaction that happens between an acid and base is called acid base reaction. The OH(-) anion of base when combines with H(+) of acid, a salt is formed. The compound that formed by the reaction of anion and cation
This research includes information about Alka-Seltzer and it’s correlation with chemical reactions. Many people use the chemical reaction of Alka-Seltzers to heal themselves. Heat and cold can strongly affect the speed of a chemical reaction. This science project will determine the effect heat has on the reaction between a seltzer tablet and beakers of water. The temperatures will be extremely cold, cold, room temperature, hot, and boiling water.
Use your knowledge about the four signs of a chemical reaction to identify the chemical change in the following examples. What sign is observed and what is the new substance formed? Choose one of the examples below. The sign(s) of a chemical reaction should be identified along with the new substances formed if possible. Use the Internet to do further research if necessary. A water purification plant needs to remove an excess of lead and mercury from a stream of water before it can be sent into the city reservoir. The addition of ground up clam and mussel shells (calcium carbonate) to the water results in a black solid (lead or mercury carbonate) being formed in the water that can be filtered and removed from the liquid.
Lots of recycled products are less expensive than brand new ones. Buying cans, bottles, paper, and some clothing items made from recycled goods are all potential ways to save you money. People can use their recycled items. People can use their recycled paper to make pencil which saves money. When people make paper it cost $25,000 dollars a month. If people use recycled paper, then it won't even cost about $100. The benefit in cost per can in terms of savings is so low that it's quite insignificant. On another level, the savings in terms of energy required in making a new can from scratch as compared to making it from an existing can is tremendous. The cost of aluminum would be high if people did not recycle it. Metals like copper, iron, and steel can also be recycled. Scrap bits of metal can be brought to a scrap dealer who will pay cash for the metal. Automobile manufacturers get good money for scrap metal too. Some people think that recycling is a great way to save
Sol-gel process is convenient synthetic approach for preparation to metal oxide applied in a wide variety of fields including structural ceramics [1, 2], electronics [10, 11], sensors [3–5], optics [8, 9], and catalysts [6, 7] due to their hardness, high melting point, non-volatility, chemical inertness, and resistance to oxidation and corrosion [1-4]. The sol-gel method is based on phase transformation of a sol obtained from metallic alkoxides or molecular modified alkoxide. The suspended particles in the sol are polymerized at low temperature to form a wet gel [16-19]. Metal alkoxide, being the good precursors in sol-gel process, is purified by vacuum distillation or crystallization and addition pure water yields the metal oxide with high purity and the volatile by-product. A great advantage of this method of oxide preparation is in its absence of ionic impurities [20]. Despite being widely applied, the chemistry of the sol-gel synthesis utilizing metal alkoxide precursors is hardly understood.
Mr. Kohtz was very detailed in his writing about “Taking the known reserves for aluminum in 1990, an engineer would have forecast that we had 63 years left of consumption. But 23 years into this forecast, are aluminum prices on the rise? Are we projecting shortages within our lifetimes?” Another approach to look at this would be how resourceful aluminum is. The Aluminum Association stated that “nearly 75 percent of all aluminum ever produced is still in use today. Aluminum is 100 percent recyclable and retains its properties indefinitely. Aluminum is one of the only materials in the consumer disposal stream that more than pays for the cost of its own collection”.
Acids are a material that releases a proton or hydrogen ion (H+). Acids always generate an H+ whenever the solution is aqueous, which can be easily identified. On the contrary, in an aqueous solution involving bases always produce an OH- ion. There are many different ways to identify whether a substance is an acid or a base. An acid is always sour, changes litmus, conduct an electric current, react with a base to form salt and water, and whenever there is a reaction, acids helps advance an hydrogen gas with an active metal, such as the alkaline earth metals, zinc, and many more. Some well known or common acids are citric acid, which are from citrus fruits, such as oranges, lime, and lemons. Vinegar and carbonic acid (soda/soft drinks) are also some common acids. Bases are the opposite of acids. They can be identified by their bitter taste, soapy or slippery feeling, and cannot change the color of litmus. Bases can become red litmus to reverse back to the blue litmus. Similarly, acids and bases conduct an electrical current in an aqueous solution, thus they are...