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Effects of imperialism in japan
Effects of imperialism in japan
The rape of nanking histiographical essay
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The Rape of Nanking by Iris Chang is a prolific recount of the Japanese invasion and occupation of the City of Nanking in the 1930’s where one of the worst atrocities of the modern day took place. Historical facts stated in the book relate that over 300,000 Chinese people were raped and murdered during this occupation. This book brings to light the psychological impact this had not only on China but across the world. The Rape of Nanking also looks at the mental attitudes of the Japanese soldiers, how they were systematically brainwashed, how religion and a dangerous governing body played a role. The author reviews different credible sources and comes up with the idea that the blame is not on the Japanese alone. Looking back in history, Japan chose to be an isolated country until the westerners invaded and forced trade
It is still debated as to whether or not it actually took place, some Japanese historians try to down play what transpired, the Japanese government has tried to sweep this event under the rug, and traditional Chinese people are secretive because Chinese culture required that if a woman is raped, she is to take her life, and any children born of rape during the Nanking era were either killed by their mothers or the mother committed suicide. The author also followed up what became of some of the Japanese soldiers, some of the high ranking officials were tried and executed for their war crimes, and some lived in a lap of luxury until death. She further researched what became of the people from the safety zone. She ends her book reflecting on the world reaction to what transpired in Nanking and how the world allowed such atrocities to happen while watching and just wringing their hands. She highlights the mentality of humans who once an event is not directly affecting them, they can sit by and watch without
“The Death of Woman Wang”, written by Chinese historian Jonathan Spence, is a book recounting the harsh realities facing citizens of Tancheng country, Shandong Province, Qing controlled China in the late 17th century. Using various primary sources, Spence describes some of the hardships and sorrow that the people of Tancheng faced. From natural disasters, poor leadership, banditry, and invasions, the citizens of Tancheng struggled to survive in a devastated and changing world around them. On its own, “Woman Wang” is an insightful snapshot of one of the worst-off counties in imperial Qing China, however when taking a step back and weaving in an understanding of long held Chinese traditions, there is a greater understanding what happened in
Kelman, Herbert C., Hamilton, V. Lee. “The My Lai Massacre: A Military Crime of Obedience”. Writing & Reading for ACP Composition. Ed. Thomas E. Leahey and Christine R. Farris. New York: Pearson Custom Publishing, 2009. 266-277. Print.
Chapter one, The Observers, in the Death of Woman Wang demonstrates the accuracy of the local historian; Feng K'o-ts'an, who compiled The Local History of T'an-ch'eng in 1673. The descriptive context of the Local History helps the reader to understand and literally penetrate into people's lives. The use of records of the earthquake of 1668, the White Lotus rising of 1622 and rebels rising vividly described by Feng the extent of suffering the people of T'an-ch'eng went through. Jonathan Spence stresses on how miserable the two-quarter of the seventeen-century were to the diminishing population of the county. The earthquake claimed the lives of nine thousand people, many others died in the White lotus rising, hunger, sickness and banditry. P'u Sung-ling's stories convey that after the loss of the wheat crops there were cases of cannibalism. On top of all of this came the slaughtering of the entire family lines by the bandits. The incredible records of women like Yao and Sun in the Local History present the reader the magnitude of savagery the bandits possessed. All of these factors led to the rise of suicides. The clarity of events Spence given to the reader is overwhelming.
When most American people think of Germany, they think of sports cars made for the autobahn, sauerkraut, Adolf Hitler, and the Holocaust. Compared to Germany, when most American people think of Japan they think of sushi, Godzilla movies, Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor, and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. World War II was such a significant event in history that almost 70 years after it came to an end, today’s younger generations often associate former Axis controlled countries with the war. People around the world are filled with disgust and immense hate when they hear the name Hitler, mainly because of his leadership under the Holocaust; which was the discriminatory mass genocide of 11-17 million people, the vast majority of which were European Jews. Hirohito, former Emperor of Japan, should strike a similar bell with people when they hear his name because Japan carried out genocide on Chinese civilians and soldiers in World War II. Japan’s attack on the Chinese city of Nanking, was one of the most atrocious events in history. This event has been named both the Nanking Massacre and the Rape of Nanking. The torturous, violent techniques used by the Japanese army upon Chinese civilians and soldiers including dehumanizing them, addicting them to drugs, and other perverse and violent acts, are some of the most grosteque methods ever recorded that could only be thought of by sadistic Japanese soldiers. The events committed by the Japanese army in Nanking, are equally as disgusting as the acts that Nazi Germany committed and should become a major topic involved with World War II in the future, despite the lack of light shed on it in the past for various reasons.
Thus born The Woman Warrior, a chronicle of a Chinese American woman's personal sufferings and triumphs, of duplicities and truths, and of struggles and breakaways; a requiem for all the victims of the old culture whose soundless cries have not been heard and who died without a name, engulfed by the darkness and the silence. In her world then, at least, the failed heroine Fa Mu Lan is redeemed.
Chinese victims of rape were treated with complete disrespect and disbelief. As with the one mother in The Joy Luck Club, she was kicked away by her own family for making such a claim. These rape victims were seen as disrespectful to their families and themselves. One social consequence of claiming rape is that their families shun the women and force them to leave their homes. Secondly, the community shuns them as well. As with the woman in the film, she was denied work and abandoned by her neighbors. She was eventually forced to marry her assailant in order to save her child.
When discussing the isolation policies in both China and Japan, it is important to first define the extent to which these policies were enacted. Although both of these nations severed ties with much of the world, there was still much interaction between other nations in East Asia, and to a lesser extent, a highly regulated trade with select European nations (Kazui and Videen 236). Thus, when considering the significance of these periods of isolation, it is vital to remember that international trade of goods and ideas did still occur, albeit, at a much slower rate compared with the rest of the modern world.
The tragedy consisting of rape, murder, and looting will never disappear from the city or its inhabitants. Thanks to John Rabe and several others, thousands of Chinese were able to survive. The history of the massacre is slowly dying, but because of books and museums, the history lives on. The Japanese have not repaired Nanjing or educated their own country about their own mistakes. The Japanese still refuse to believe that the massacre even occurred, even though there are pictures of the event and vital proof.
With the origin of the book coming from author Iris Chang, an American Journalist it presents the view that the Japanese government has not done enough to address the violence that they caused. The account is written in three different perspectives: that of the Japanese military, the Chinese victims, and the Westerners who tried to help Chinese civilians this allows for a broader understanding of what actually happened during the event. By providing information on the actions taken from American and European governments in particular, the value of the book is shown by the way that Chang allows readers the opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of what actually happened in response to the rape of Nanking. Chang examines the circumstances that she believed, have kept knowledge of the massacre out of public consciousness decades after the war. The book depicted in detail the killing, torture, and rape that occurred during the Nanking Massacre. Chang listed and described the kinds of torture that were visited upon the residents, including live burials, mutilation, "death by fire", "death by ice", and "death by dogs" which gives historians an idea of what actually happened during the terrible events. Although Chang’s book is highly regarded, there are still many people who criticize her choices of sources of information. It is argued that a limitation of her work is the “intellectual flexibility and overdependence on the work of a few Chinese scholars” which leads Chang into severe errors that affect the value of the book. In addition, A lot of documentation during the time of the incident was destroyed which means that some her facts are only
The documentary The Rape of Nanking tells the tale of an atrocity in Chinese and Japanese relations. The documentary starts in the summer of 1937 with the Japanese military continuing its aggravations against China in their long-running expansionist war against the large nation. Their attempts to conquer China in 3 months to prove their superiority was halted in Shanghai when they encountered the tenacious Chinese defense who went toe-to-toe with the Japanese troops. This wrecked their timeline and when the city finally fell the Japanese troops were itching for revenge. The Japanese would prove to enact their vicious revenge and punish the Chinese defiance at the capital city, Nanking. Dr. Takemitsu Ogawa, a medical doctor in the Imperial Japanese
This massacre lasted between the 1937 and 1938. Within this time, 300,000 Chinese citizens were viciously killed. This genocide is called Rape of Nanking because of raping the woman before killing them. Most likely this group was selected because the second world war happened in Asia. This was significant because a country was able to kill half the population of another.
...high power status, Japan had to have a self-reliant industrial common ground and be able to move all human and material resources (S,195). Through the Shogun Revolution of 1868, the abolition of Feudalism in 1871, the activation of the national army in 1873, and the assembly of parliament in 1889, the political system of Japan became westernized (Q,3). Local Labor and commercial assistance from the United States and Europe allowed Japan’s industry to bloom into a developed, modern, industrial nation (Q,3). As a consequence production surplus, and food shortage followed (Q,3). Because of how much it relied on aid of western powers, Japan’s strategic position became especially weak. In an attempt to break off slightly from the aid of the west Japanese leaders believed that it would be essential for Japan to expand beyond its borders to obtain necessary raw materials.
I had no idea that this had even happened and was horrified by what the movie depicted. I always remember hearing about the concentration camps during World War II, but I have never heard anything about the massacre in Nanjing. In fact, my brother’s roommate is from Nanjing and he was the first person that told me about this tragedy. Seeing the movie has expanded my understanding of how military might really shifted to Japan’s favor during the earlier stages of development. Compared to China when they were struggling to attain a stable government and therefore did not have a strong national military like Japan. Another thing that I learned from this movie is how an idea was placed in the Japanese soldiers that taught them to think of the Chinese people as animals or insects. This allowed them to slaughter and rape the people of China so
Rape of Nanjing was a time when Japanese soldiers would maliciously kill, torture, and steal from the Chinese. The event began around the late 1930s. Before the Rape of Nanjing, Japan attempted to invade Manchuria. Manchuria is rich in coal and iron, which were resources Japan lacked. And so Manchuria was invaded by the Japanese on September 1931. For the same reason, Japan invaded China, at July 1937. The Chinese Nationalist Government moved the capital of China, to Nanjing, in 1928. Many refugees went towards, into the capital to be far away as possible from the approaching Japanese Soldiers. On December 13th, Japanese soldiers entered the city through the Zhongshan and the Pacific gate. The entrance of the Japanese Army ignited the Nanjing
There was a dirt alley not too far from our house. One afternoon, aunt Sung took brother Vinh and me for a walk in that alley. We had to walk by the Japanese soldiers who occupied the only villa and some of the houses in the neighborhood. The soldiers looked serious with stern faces, long rifles and swords. They talked but like they were yelling to each other. Two Japanese women in their colorful kimonos walked by them hastily into the villa.