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Argumentative essay for evolution
Creation versus evolution arguments
Creation versus evolution arguments
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The Greatest Show on Earth, by Richard Dawkins, is a persuasive book written to convince readers that evolution is scientific fact. It lays out the facts quite nicely, balancing data with ideas expertly. However, the argument part of this book is lost in Dawkins' arrogance and pomposity. The constant stream of insults directed at Creationists will never convince anyone to change their views, nor does it make the book pleasant to read. If the reader can look past the constant jibes, this book does an excellent job of proving evolution to be scientific theory.
Summary
Dawkins begins by explaining the difference between a scientific theory and the general form of theory. He coins his own word, 'theorum', to use throughout the book, in order to differentiate between scientific theory and typical theory (pp. 13). He does this in order to discourage doubtful readers from believing that evolution is in fact, "just a theory". Then, Dawkins gives a brief explanation of evolution, and the most important point: there is no one point where a species changes to a different species. Every generation looks as similar to each other as the previous did (pp. 25). Then the reader discovers that artificial selection is occurring very near them, with dog breeding (pp. 74-76), and the true age of the earth as
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When it becomes clear Dawkins is passionate about what he is saying, his writing flows beautifully and the points come across well. However, far too often, he goes on a tangent, sometimes for pages at a time, talking about experiments and studies that are not relevant to the topic at hand. In addition to this, the number of pages that overwhelm the reader with data and statistics often lead to despair at the thought of toiling through another page. Although these downsides to the book are irritating, the subject matter is so fascinating that the reader is always excited to find out what lies on the next
Robert Root-Bernstein and Donald L. McEachron, “Teaching Theories: The Evolution-Creation Controversy,” The American Biology Teacher, Vol. 44, No. 7 (Oct…1982). This article, written by Robert Root-Bernstein and Donald L. McEachron sheds light on the controversy of evolution vs creationism in schools and the validity of each being called a scientific theory. The work was created to answer the questions, “Which of these theories is truly scientific and which is a religious belief? Which should be taught in schools?” The article concluded in favor of evolution as a valid scientific theory that should be taught rather than creationism, but also mentioned the worth of understanding the latter.
Werth, Barry. Banquet at Delmonico's : great minds, the Gilded Age, and the triumph of evolution in America. New York: Random House, 2009.
Michael Ruse, The Darwinian Revolution, pub. 1979 by The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637
The “Roaring Twenties” was a time period known for its innovation. Skirts got shorter, teens got bolder, and Prohibition was in full swing. These changes also gave way to a time period full of religious conflict. “In [religious] minds, Prohibition had always been about more than alcohol. It represented an effort to defend traditional American values against the growing influence of an urban, cosmopolitan culture” (Gillon 152). Charles Darwin had published his book, The Evolution of Species, in 1859 and The Descent of Man in 1871, detailing the evolution of man from ape-like creatures. When A Civic Biology, a biology textbook containing information on evolution, was published in 1914, teachers around the country began using it in their courses. By the twenties, these books had sparked all sorts of new ideas regarding the origin of man as well as opposition due to the creature from which he claimed we evolved and to the disagr...
Chapter nine is Evolution Redux. Creationists find evolution very convincing but at the same time they still don’t believe it. There is no lack of evidence that points toward evolution being the truth. Every day there is hundreds of observations and experiments that point to evolution being true. Every fossil and piece of DNA observed points to evolution being a fact. The evidence point to evolution being true is so overwhelming it is hard to believe people still believe in a creator.
Anyone with even a moderate background in science has heard of Charles Darwin and his theory of evolution. Since the publishing of his book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in 1859, Darwin’s ideas have been debated by everyone from scientists to theologians to ordinary lay-people. Today, though there is still severe opposition, evolution is regarded as fact by most of the scientific community and Darwin’s book remains one of the most influential ever written.
For Dawkins, evolution of a species is dependent upon the transmittance of this information to the next generation; the individual species is irrelevant (2). This theory is a departure from Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, which concentrates on the species. Species, to Dawkins, are "survival machines" whose purpose is to host these genes, as species are mortals and fleeting, whereas genes are not (2).
In 1859, Charles Darwin published his groundbreaking Origin of Species, which would introduce the seminal theory of evolution to the scientific community. Over 150 years later, the majority of scientists have come to a consensus in agreement with this theory, citing evidence in newer scientific research. In an average high school biology classroom, one may imagine an instructor that has devoted much of his life to science and a predominantly Christian class of about twenty-five students. On the topic of evolution, one of the students might ask, “Why would God have taken the long route by creating us through billion years of evolution?” while another student may claim “The Book of Genesis clearly says that the earth along with all living creatures was created in just six days, and Biblical dating has proven that the earth is only 6000 years old.” Finally a third student interjects with the remark “maybe the Bible really is just a book, and besides, science has basically already proven that evolution happened, and is continuing to happen as we speak.”
MAS Ultra School Edition. Wednesday, February 6th, 2014. Internet Stefoff, Rebecca. The. “Charles Darwin: And the Evolution Revolution.”
The metaphor behind Dawkins' theory can best be described by his opening statement: "we are survival machines-robot vehicles blindly programmed to preserve the selfish molecules known as genes" (Barlow 193). Dawkins links the natural behavior of unconscious bunches of nucleic acid (genes) to human behavior and personality by calling them "selfish." His use of this term conjures up the image of a separate individual, capable of making decisions to help its own good and disregarding our needs. By calling human beings "survival machines" and "robots," Dawkins suggests some serious moral implications regarding our existence. If we were just robots, it would seem that we would be no longer responsible for our actions, as people could attribute all evil to the gene programmers who created these robots. Also, if our primary purpose were to serve as a "survival machine" for something else, life would seem insignificant. John Maynard Smith writes that Dawkins' book is just about evolution, and "not about morals . . . or about the human sciences" (195). However, the attempt to disengage the selfish gene theory from its moral implications is seriously undermined by Dawkins' metaphors.
Understanding what science is is crucial because evolution is based on changes that people can see in an organism. With it being science (as it can be seen/tested), evolution is something that should be taught in schools. The evidence for it being able to be seen and tested is as follows: all of the major scientific fields show evidence supporting the theory (“NSTA.”) .... ... middle of paper ...
Author Yuval Noah Harari has a unique way of reviewing the past fourteen billion years in his monograph Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind. His intention for writing this book is mainly to bring up the conversation of the human condition and how it has affected the course of history. In this case, the human condition coincides with the inevitable by-products of human existence. These include life, death, and all the emotional experiences in between. Harari is trying to determine how and why the events that have occurred throughout the lives of Homo Sapiens have molded our social structures, the natural environment we inhabit, and our values and beliefs into what they are today.
This paper therefore discusses the similarities and differences between their works while building upon the presentation by Susan Blackmore on meme. The works of Richard Dawkins and Charles Darwin has numerous ideological similarities. In Richards Gene-centered view of evolution, he states that competition for survival among genes determines how adaptive evolution occurs. Similarly, Charles Darwin also holds that the different species in existence come from common ancestor hence leading to the process of evolution through natural selection (Cartwright, 2016).
We widely use the word theory as a synonym as a wild guess, which really downplays the word. Whereas, the scientific meaning of the word theory has a totally different meaning according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary which is: “a plausible or scientifically acceptable general principle or body of principles offered to explain phenomena.” There are also a lot of confusion and misunderstanding which is surrounded with evolution. Even though Darwin was the first to gather evidence for the theory of evolution, there have been more and more discoveries since then which prove the validity of Darwins claims. There are undeniable proof of evolution which we have uncovered through fossils which give us an image into the past where it shows fish growing limbs and reptiles turning into mammals.
He says that the genes act selfishly and only act in ways that benefit them the most. However in a lot of cases the most beneficial option for a single gene is working in a group but the gene still does so for its own good not the groups (Dawkins, 1976). He then explains that genes can not think therefore they can not see the future and do not guide themselves with thought processes. They are instead selected for a specific requirement because of the conditions of the environment they are in (Dawkins,