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Since sugar contains an addictive sweet flavor and a lot of energy needed for the human, its usage has been increasing since before the industrialization of sugar production. Furthermore, an anthropologist, Sidney W. Mintz, wrote a book called Sweetness and Power describing the journey of making sugar a necessity for almost everyone in the world. As a result, according to Mintz’ book and other researches, after the discovery of sugar by the Europeans in the Middle Ages, the sugar consumers had expanded from only the elites of England then became a necessity for everyone, including the working class.
The Crusades of the 1096 resulted in the finding of sugar. The Crusaders brought sugar back to Europe and the people treated it like a luxury spice. Since the English diet used to contain a lot of starch and dairy, when sugar arrived, it became an industrial breakthrough (Mintz, 75). The European saw the potential of sugar, and started mass-producing it in the colonies including Central America and the Caribbean (Mintz, 28). Slavery also got involved into the sugar plantations in the early 1500s as free-labors; thus it caused the drop in sugar’s price (Mintz, 32).
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Furthermore, the English established trade with the Brazilian between cotton goods and sugar.
In order to decrease the price of sugar, the English provided ships and refined sugar for the Brazilian (Mintz, 62). Therefore, sugar’s price dropped, allowing the popular class to consume more. The Commercial Revolution in the 1600s was when the English’s merchants started to recognize the profits from sugar with the technology changes so they invested more into sugar plantations, increasing the production rate and lowering the price of sugar (Mintz, 64). The England’s government abolition of taxations for sugar imports and exports also encouraged reducing the price of sugar, expanding its consumption to the popular class in the 1700s (Mintz,
65). Moreover, sugar described political power and privileges in the seventeenth century (Mintz, 154). Sugar plantations’ owners in the colonies had strong opinions in the politic in England. Thus, sugar displayed the wealth and the roles of the people in the society (Mintz, 156). However, “the increase in sugar production in the mid-seventeenth century was so headlong that prices of sugar fell” (Mintz, 160). Capitalism successfully brought the sugar’s price to fall, lowering the sugar position in the political power (Mintz, 162). This caused sugar to become more available for the popular class, transitioning from a luxury to a necessity. As a result, businesses related to sugar opened, expanding the job’s availabilities and opportunities to the working class by the late eighteenth century (Mintz, 170) To sum up, according to Mintz, sugar came a long way from the discover during the Crusades to become a luxury for the nobles, then finally end up being a necessity for the humanity. Sugar affected the Europe, especially England politically and economically. They captured many colonies to grow sugarcane, making a monopoly sugar supplier to the Europe (Mintz, 167). Thus, shaping the world and sugar how they are currently, a necessity for everyone including the rich and the poor.
In concern to the American Revolution, there are two sides debating its primary cause. One set of historians believe the cause to be ideals and principles. The other set of historians and scholars credit economic and social interests as the primary cause of the Revolutionary War. Historians Jesse Lemisch and Dirk Hoerder used the mobs in colonial cities as evidence of the social concerns of Americans at that time. Another Historian, Arthur M. Schlesinger argued in a 1917 study “that it was the colonial merchants who were chiefly responsible for arousing American resistance to the British; and that although they spoke of principles and ideals, their real motives were economic self-interest: freedom from the restrictive policies of British mercantilism.” This argument is very concrete and is supported by the different legislation that the British Parliament passed after the Seven Years’ War. In fact, an act was passed in 1764 by the Parliament that was instrumental in specifically angering the merchants that played a major role in leading the Americans to independence. That piece of legislation was the Sugar Act which placed a tax on sugar being brought into the colonies. This tax was a significantly less than the one that was logged in the book previously; however, that tax had been ignored for years. The initial response of the merchants to this piece of legislation was anger because this new law cut off their highly profitable smuggling organizations which greatly affected their earnings. Soon after tha...
One facet of this unique system involved the numerous economic differences between England and the colonies. The English government subscribed to the economic theory of mercantilism, which demanded that the individual subordinate his economic activity to the interests of the state (Text, 49). In order to promote mercantilism in all her colonies, Great Britain passed the Navigation Acts in 1651, which controlled the output of British holdings by subsidizing. Under the Navigation Acts, each holding was assigned a product, and the Crown dictated the quantity to be produced. The West Indies, for example, were assigned sugar production and any other colony exporting sugar would face stiff penalties (Text, 50). This was done in order to ensure the economic prosperity of King Charles II, but it also served to restrict economic freedom. The geographical layout of the American colonies made mercantilism impractical there. The cit...
Cotton, spices, silk, and tea from Asia mingled in European markets with ivory, gold, and palm oil from Africa; furs, fish, and timber from North America; and cotton, sugar, and tobacco from both North and South America. The lucra¬tive trade in enslaved human beings provided cheap labor where it was lacking. The profits accrued in Europe, increasingly in France and Britain as the Portuguese, Spanish, and then Dutch declined in relative power. It was a global network, made possible by the advancing tech¬nology of the colonialists.
Lustig, Robert, Laura Schmidt, and Claire Brindis. “The Toxic Truth About Sugar.” The Norton Sampler: Short Essays for Composition. Ed. Thomas Cooley. 8th ed. New York: Norton, 2013. 284-289. Print.
With such an obsession with sweet foods, there is an obvious desire for an explanation of how such a once unknown substance took center stage on everybody's snack, dessert, and candy list. That's where Sidney W. Mintz comes into play. He decided to write this book Sweetness and Power, and from the looks of all the sources he used to substantiate his ideas and data, it seems that he is not the first person to find the role that sugar plays in modern society important. By analyzing who Mintz's audience is meant to be, what goals he has in writing this book, what structure his book incorporates, what type, or types, of history he represents within the book, what kind of sources he uses, and what important information and conclusions he presents, we can come to better understand Mintz's views and research of the role of sugar in history, and how much it really affects our lives as we know them.
Sugar in its many forms is as old as the Earth itself. It is a sweet tasting thing for which humans have a natural desire. However there is more to sugar than its sweet taste, rather cane sugar has been shown historically to have generated a complex process of cultural change altering the lives of all those it has touched, both the people who grew the commodity and those for whom it was grown. Suprisingly, for something so desireable knowledge of sugar cane spread vey slow. First found in Guinea and first farmed in India (sources vary on this), knowledge of it would only arrive in Europe thousands of years later. However, there is more to the history of sugar cane than a simple story of how something was adopted piecemeal into various cultures. Rather the history of sugar, with regards to this question, really only takes off with its introduction to Europe. First exposed to the delights of sugar cane during the crusades, Europeans quickly acquired a taste for this sweet substance. This essay is really a legacy of that introduction, as it is this event which foreshadowed the sugar related explosion of trade in slaves. Indeed Henry Hobhouse in `Seeds of Change' goes so far as to say that "Sugar was the first dependance upon which led Europeans to establish tropical mono cultures to satisfy their own addiction." I wish, then, to show the repurcussions of sugar's introduction into Europe and consequently into the New World, and outline especially that parallel between the suga...
The Sugar Interest is one cause of the American Revolution. Sugar was the foundation of the economy in the West Indies. Sugar cane was a rich man's crop. The Sugar Interest was at the apex of its power in 1763. The plantation owners had only one thing in mind, money. The colonists will not be reminded that they still needed British military protection from France and Spain because of The Treaty of 1763. The Treaty caused a war with the Indians, which made the colonists realize they need help and the British needing money to pay for the soldiers in the Americas by taxing the colonists.
What might be the biggest contribution to what drove sugar trade is consumer demand. Many popular drinks weren’t sweet and sugar was used as a sweetener. According to Sydney Mintz’s sweetness and power, “sugar as sweetener came to the force in connection with three other exotic imports tea,coffee, and chocolate(4)” because tea, coffee and chocolate
During the late 1700’s, the United States was no longer a possession of Britain, instead it was a market for industrial goods and the world’s major source for tobacco, cotton, and other agricultural products. A labor revolution started to occur in the United States throughout the early 1800’s. There was a shift from an agricultural economy to an industrial market system. After the War of 1812, the domestic marketplace changed due to the strong pressure of social and economic forces. Major innovations in transportation allowed the movement of information, people, and merchandise. Textile mills and factories became an important base for jobs, especially for women. There was also widespread economic growth during this time period (Roark, 260). The market revolution brought about economic growth through new modes of transportation, an abundance of natural resources, factory production, and banking and legal practices.
Despite the federal aid granted to sugar growers, not all sectors of agriculture devoted to growing sugar derivatives flourished. Domestic production of sugar cane increased steadily from 1982 onward, while sugar beet production stagnated (Knutson, 1985). Through time, the largest number of sugar beet farmers were concentrated in a specific West/Midwest region of the U.S. (Minnesota, North Dakota, Idaho) while sugar cane farmers were found in the Southeast, specifically Louisiana and Florida.
For years doctors have been saying that refined sugars are empty calories and consist of absolutely no vitamins or minerals that people need to survive. Dentists warn that sugary foods encourage tooth decay. Many people avoid sweet food because it can lead to obesity, heart problems, diabetes and cancer. These negative responses by people’s bodies are actually warnings. Maybe people eat sugar for other reasons than the sweet taste. The human body's negative responses to sugar may be a similar purpose to the reason kids feel pain when they are playing too roughly. People’s consumption of sweet foods might also serve as a sign of defiance against their bodies’ health limitations. What many people do not realize is that their tasty treats can affect their mind and emotions.
(Mintz) Mintz, S. W. (1985). Sweetness and power: the place of sugar in modern history. New York, N.Y.: Viking.
We are all familiar with sugar. It is sweet, delicious, and addictive; yet only a few of us know that it is deadly. When it comes to sugar, it seems like most people are in the mind frame knowing that it could be bad for our health, but only a few are really taking the moderate amounts. In fact, as a whole population, each and everyone of us are still eating about 500 extra calories per day from sugar. Yes, that seems like an exaggerated number judging from the tiny sweet crystals we sprinkle on our coffee, but it is not. Sugar is not only present in the form of sweets and flavourings, it is hidden in all the processed foods we eat. We have heard about the dangers of eating too much fat or salt, but we know very little about the harmful effects of consuming too much sugar. There still isn’t any warnings about sugar on our food labels, nor has there been any broadcasts on the serious damages it could do to our health. It has come to my concern during my research that few
The National Center for Biotechnology Information wrote an article on the evidence of sugar addiction. In this journal the team defined sugar as a “psychological dependence… not just a physical dependence”. For example, a stressful day at work could lead to eating a pint of ice cream upon arriving at home; not because of hunger, but simply because of the satisfying taste and the reward felt upon eating something sweet. According to Laura Schmidt’s speech, entitled “Why We Can’t Stop Eating Unhealthy Foods”, “Food corporations hire scientists to engineer the most irresistible habit-forming foods. Sugar is currently their go-to ingredient.” In fact, research has found that sugar far more transcends in the quality of addictiveness than cocaine. Sugar not only surpasses the level of addictiveness than that of cocaine, but it also holds a household name and does not hold a taboo reputation. Nearly everyone consumes sugar on a regular basis. Sweets have a presence in the checkout aisle at the grocery store, at athletic events, and at the gas station. Additionally they require little more than a dollar spent to find their way into the hands of an unsuspecting person. This accessibility makes becoming addicted to sugar exponentially easier, much easier than becoming addicted to crack cocaine (Werdell; “Is
Sidney Mintz, an anthropologist, who studied sugar in the modern globalized market discusses Globalization in the Article we reviewed this semester. Mintz’s analysis of the effects sugar has had on the modern economy and the impact global trade had on national economies to changed social norms and behavior is a key factor in why I believe that this was the first time anything was actually globalized in history. Sugar was one of the first products to successfully be available globally, which opened doors for other things such as, cotton, bread, corn, and other spices. Mintz says, “The track sugar has left in modern history is one involving masses of people and resources, thrown into productive combination by social, economic, and political forces…”(p.211.) This started a trend of products being produced to serve the entire world.