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Explain speech and language disorders
An essay on how stuttering effects a person
English speaking difficulty
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In life people must pass through a lot of circumstances to accomplish wants and desires; challenges will always be in the way, but they are not a reason to stop and quit dreaming. There are many obstacles when trying to solve a difficulty such as, languages or speech disorders can make any circumstance even more difficult, something as little as stuttering can make people feel afraid of who they are, and in addition, make them feel defeated in some cases. That is why people with this kind of difficulty must keep fighting to show others that despite any adversity, they are able to endure it and make big things. However, stuttering on daily life could be affected by how the person and others react to the disorder.
In the movie, The King’s Speech, stuttering is one of the problems that the main character faces to do his purpose, being the king of England, but that is not an impediment to make him stop from reaching his purpose. According to the American Speech- Language- Hearing Association, begins during childhood and, in some cases, lasts throughout life. It is said that stuttering could be developed by early traumatic experiences or genetically; however, the precise cause is unknown. In a New York Times article Ratner states that,
“While communication disorders and speech delays may be predicted from a baby’s babble or developmental trajectory, we really have not been able to find indicators of stuttering before the first day it emerges. Everything looks fine and suddenly it doesn’t look fine. That’s why some psychologists in the last century proposed, wrongly, that stuttering was caused by early childhood trauma, or poor parenting.”
Stuttering affects the fluency of speech, this disorder is normally detected when every...
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...ssure to speak quickly, and they have more difficultly saying what they want to say in a smooth way. People should realize that people who stutter are just as normal as them, besides a speech problem, they feel and act like everyone else.
Language and speech disorders can cause tremendous emotional chaos resulting in a lifetime of struggle; however people can learn to deal with it and will be able to accomplish what they want in life if they all are treated equally. This will make them feel that no matter what is happening, there are many reasons why they should keep fighting in order to reach their goal. The King’s Speech helped raise awareness and as David Seidler, Academy Award winner for Best Original Screenplay, stated at the Awards Ceremony, “I accept this Award on behalf of all the stutterers throughout the world. We have a voice, we have been heard.”
In the film, Transcending Stuttering: The Inside Story, produced by Schneider Speech, the viewer was brought into the lives of seven individuals with a stutter. These individuals described their experiences with stuttering and how they have transcended the obstacles they have been faced with throughout their lives. The viewer was also given the opportunity to understand the powerful reality of both the low and high points that can be accompanied by stuttering.
Stuttering affects the fluency of speech. Stuttering is characterized by disruptions in speech sound productions, also known as a disfluency. Mostly, stuttering has a significant effect on some daily activities. Though some people have disfluency deficits only in certain situations. Some people limit their participations in different everyday activities because they are often embarrassed or sad about their situation and are concerned about how other's will react to stuttering. In stuttered speech repetitions of words or also of parts of words are included. Prolongations of speech sounds may also occur. It is a characteristic of some people who
Stress can cause anyone to feel anxiety. Whether the anxiety is minimal or severe depends on each individual person. Under stress, it is common and acceptable for people’s voice to falter. Speakers under stress might tense the muscles used to produce speech, increasing their vocal pitch. That generally wouldn’t happen in a stress-less situation. Typically when under stress people talk more rapid. This occasionally causes them to stumble over words or get stuck on a syllable. More often than not, they tend to repeat words or phrases as they struggle to talk, present, etc. under the stress. Another common ‘symptom’ under stress is adding interjections, such as “like”, “uhm” and “uh” during speech. These are considered normal and acceptable dysfluencies. The simple task of saying colors in front of an audience was used as a study. They found that under stress, pressure, anxiety and whatever else is felt during public speaking, non-stutterers went from zero percent dysfluencies to four percent. On the other hand, those who normally stuttered went from one percent to nine percent dysfluencies. (Perkins) One interesting fact, is that stutterers are able to talk normally to babies, children, and animals. These audiences are nonthreatening and the speaker is at ease. It is also common for stutterers to talk aloud to themselves without or with very little
Blood, Blood, Maloney, Meyer, & Qualls (2007) examined the anxiety levels in adolescents who stutter to increase their understanding of the role of anxiety in stuttering across the lifespan. The participants were 36 students, chosen from public schools in Pennsylvania, who were in the 7th through 12th grade. However, only participants who have had treatment for their stuttering were included in the study. The control groups were chosen from public schools as well, and were chosen to match the stuttering participants in grade, gender, ethnicity and approximate age. To assess the stuttering severity of the participants, the Stuttering Severity Insturment-3 (SSI-3) was used. The outcomes classified the participants’ stuttering as either mild, moderate, severe, or very severe (profound). In measuring anxiety levels the researchers used the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS)....
Vogel, S. A. and M. Moran. "Written language disorders in learning disabled college students - a preliminary report." In Coming of Age: The Best of ACLD - 1982. Eds. W. Cruickshank and J. Lerner. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1982.
...hese children were unfairly target for this research because they were institutionalized I believe that Johnson studied was to biased because he was so determine to find a cure that will help him in the long run instead of reviewing the facts. In reality, stuttering can caused by different things such as environmental, biological factor, or genetic. In Johnson, case he already had hypothesis in mind and he was too determine to prove his hypothesis instead of reviewing the facts.
Owens, Robert E., Dale E. Metz, and Kimberly A. Farinella. Introduction to Communication Disorders: A Lifespan Evidence-Based Perspective. Four ed. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, 2011. 194-216. Print.
According to ASHA, more than 2 million people in the United States have a severe communication disorder that impairs their ability to talk. This problem may be short or long term, and may be congenital (present at birth), acquired (occurring later in late), or degenerative (worsening throughout life). Some disorders could be from lack of oxygen at during the birth process, premature birth, genetic disorders, Cerebral Palsy while others may be caused by aTraumatic Brain Injury, or degenerative diseases.
... role of infant-directed speech with a computer model. Acoustical Society of America, 4(4), 129-134.
Stuttering is a neurological disorder of communication, from which the normal flow of speech is disrupted by repetitions (neu-neu-neuro), prolongations (biiiii-ol-ooogy), or abnormal stoppages (no sound) of sounds and syllables. Rapid eye blinking, tremors of the lips and/or jaw, or other struggle behaviors of the face or upper body may accompany speech disruptions ((3)). Why does stuttering worsen in situations that involve speaking before a group of people or talking on the phone, whereas fluency of speech improves in situations such as whispering, acting, talking to pets, speaking alone, or singing ((1))? In ancient times, physicians believed that the stutterer's tongue was either too long or too short, too wet or too dry. Therefore, practitioners from the mid-1800s tried surgical remedies such as drilling holes into the skull or cutting pieces of the tongue out to eliminate stuttering ((1) ).
Shonkoff JP (2003). Language delay: Late talking to communication disorder. In CD Rudolph, AM Rudolph, eds.,Rudolph's Pediatrics, 21st ed., pp. 441–444. New York: McGraw-Hill.
For example one question was, “does it prevent me from doing ordinary things?” It’s a yes and no answer because I still walk, and run it does not prevent me from doing things physical things, but when it comes to talking it’s a little bit more difficult and I struggle more. Stuttering makes things more challenging which is alright but you have to work more on how you talk. “Why can’t you speak correctly?” That is another question that anyone can ask and the truth is that it is a disorder in our speech sound of word, we repeat some of the words. “How does it feel to stutter?” To me as a stutter person it affects emotionally because sometimes I rather be quite and prevent talking and embarrassing myself. It affects us because of the way we communicate, it is not easy but we try to make it fluently as possible. (Question
In the film The King’s Speech, directed by Tom Hooper the character Lionel is very supportive of Bertie. Bertie has a stammer problem in which Lionel assists Bertie with overcoming. This shows how Lionel supports Bertie throughout his his journey of overcoming his stammer. We see this supportive relationship through the use of dialogue. When Bertie and Lionel were at Westminster Abbey Lionel said to Bertie “You have such perseverance Bertie,
The mother reports remembering her daughter babbling, but says she did not say her first word until much later on than her first child. She said that this was a concern for her and that she discussed it with her pediatrician who did not see any cause for alarm at the time. When t...
...ic heritability studies revealed that there is a very strong heritability factor as the cause of stuttering. Moreover, current research is trying to find specific genes responsible for stuttering however no clear results could be obtained yet. The studies indicated that the influence of heritability can be up to 85% and led researchers to find out the remaining. Parental factors, unique life-events and learning factors are found to be important especially by developmental stuttering and that they may affect the individuals through their life time. As it can be understood from these studies, it is now generally accepted that fluency is a multidimensional skill reflecting a complex coordination of many extrinsic and intrinsic factors (Karrass et al., 2006). That is why; it also becomes important to focus on many different aspects during the treatment of the stutters.