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Essay on psychological effects of divorce on children's well being
Mental effects of divorce on children
Abstract of the psychological effects of divorce on children
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In Hutchison (2015), it is expressed that the concept of stress pileup is a complex model of double ABC-X. Every family has some type of devastating crisis, for me, it was an actual experience of my own that caused a lot of stress and concern for my family. Dealing with a bad marriage, I came to a breaking point in my life with allowing too much mental stress in my life that it resulted in attempting to take my life. The stress I had placed on my children and my parents, has continued to stay with them throughout the years, even though it has been over 16 years and I have made great positive advances in my life, their concerns seem to always be there.
The Stress Model we have chosen is the Double ABCX Model. This model is suitable for our movie family because we are able to see the problems that the family has faced. The model encompasses the major variables of interest in the movie, including our pre-crises, crises, and post crises. We can see this in the first marriage, the divorce, and the second marriage; as well as everything in between. Many of the stressors are found in many categories. This is because they were not resolved by the crisis- divorce. Resources fall into many categories as well, because how they are used changes how they affect the family system.
The denial of child care for her two children’s has added fear, helplessness, hopelessness, loss, of control and guilt which impacts Katy health and contributed to worsening of her health. Katy was experiencing a situational crisis because of her medical condition and her concern to provide for her children. It occurs when an individual produces an overwhelming response as they confronted with a stressful event. Factors that contribute to Katy crisis are high demand to provide for her children, denial of child care services, medical condition, and a single parent. These factors play a critical role in her health outcome and progression of her disease and psychological state. Therefore, prolonged stress included adverse psychological and physical health effects as well as the increased risk of premature death (Denollet, J., et al.
The term ‘stress’ was generally thought to have been a concept created by Robert Hooke in the 17th century. He worked on the design of physical structures, such as bridges; his concept of stress came from how much pressure a structure could withstand. However, Lazarus (1993) pointed out that the term ‘stress’ has been used as far back as the 14th century, when it meant hardship or adversity. Back then it referred to the external stressor, such as the death of a spouse or financial worry; in the 20th century, there are many different schools of thought on this area. Hans Selye (1956), brought together the work of Cannon and Bernard and devised a comprehensive system of physiological stress; which he termed the ‘General Adaptation Syndrome’, and is a 3-stage process. He theorised that a certain level of stress called ‘eustress’ (Cox, 1978) could actually be beneficial to our overall performance. Later In 1976, Cox & Mackay devised another model called the ‘Transactional model’. This model takes into account the individual differences in the perception of the amount of stress experienced by the person. The main difference between these two models is that Selye’s model only accounts for the physiological side of stress, whereas Cox’s model takes into account both the physiological and psychological aspects of stress. Therefore, both models will have slight similarities and differences in their explanation for how stress occurs in individuals, which is the main focus of this essay.
It’s not a big surprise that stress is a factor in heath, the phrase “stress will kill you” is used often enough that people get the concept quite well. However most ignore the common warning signs of high level stresses leading to endless health issues, breaking down the quality of life. In the movie “Stress of a Portrait killer”, focuses on living and work environments capable of increasing stress levels effecting health. The study by a researcher in Holland linked stress induction during fetal life from people born during the Dutch Holland Winter of 1944. Her study results concluded, during pregnancy when the mothers were exposed to high levels of stress, the fetus was negatively affected in levels that lasted throughout their lives. The
Classic Strain Theory, as introduced and defined by Robert Merton, is a Social Structure Theory used to help explain the effect one’s community, most notably lower class areas, has on their ability to achieve predetermined goals, usually considered culturally normal. Merton theorized that all people in a various culture and social structure have similar values, goals, and norms. He stated that within this social structure there are individuals who come from affluent upbringing and are therefore more likely achieve these goals, and most likely this will be attained through legitimate, culturally acceptable means. There are however, Merton said, lower class areas where individuals suffer from lack of educational and economic opportunities afforded the upper class, leading to resentment and anger individuals at their inability to achieve stated objectives and goals through legitimate means.
This paper presents how Labeling theory and strain theory can explain the crimes that The White family from West Virginia commit on a daily basis. The wonderful White of West Virginia portrays corruption and poverty. They do not conform to any authority or rules; all they want to do is fuss, fight and party. The White family takes part in shoot-outs, robberies; gas huffing, drug dealing, pill popping and murders. They are famously known for their Hill Billy tap dancing and wild criminal ways. West Virginia being the poorest state in the United States they do not have the resources to a good education system or available employment. Therefore, frustration sets in, leading to failed aspirations causing the Whites to resort to violent and illegal ways to survive in a declining economy, to obtain a slight chance to their perspective of the American dream. However, being labeled as the rebels of the south just makes that slight chance of the American dream much harder to obtain.
General Strain Theory was reinvented by Robert Agnew in 1992 and contributed a new perception to the present strain theory that was popularized a couple eras ago (Agnew, 1992). Classic strain theory is connected; first with Merton’s (1938), Cohen’s (1955) and Cloward and Ohlin’s (1960). Founded on Durkheim’s theory of anomie (1893), Merton industrialized his theory of deviancy inside a societal fundamental context. Merton’s interpretation on the topic is that goal-expectation inconsistencies, composed with social stratification generates strain between underprivileged societies in turn leading them to use any means necessary, such as criminal, in order to accomplish socially defined goals (Merton, 1938). Merton specified that deviance was a creation of inconsistency amongst social goals and the genuine means to attain these goals (Smith & Bohm, 2008). Merton shaped a typology of deviance contingent on how diverse human beings adjust to ethnically persuaded strain. Conferring to Merton, crime can be elucidated by the predictable socially acknowledged goals and the conceivable genuine means of accomplishing them.
There are many theories to choose from and I decided to choose and focus on general strain theory. I chose general strain theory because I believe this particular theory applies to a lot of people across the United States, especially those people who are in the middle class and below. First I am going to explain what general strain theory is and what Agnew finds most important about it. Secondly, what micro level components are used in this theory and how they affect people. Lastly, I am going to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of general strain theory. Not everyone falls victim to general strain theory because not everyone is in the same social and economical predicament. A lot of people are unfortunate to go through these strains/stressors of life and it all comes down to how one chooses to deal with the hand life dealt them.
The ABC-X model is used to understand family stress and how they deal with it. To be completely honest I am still trying to understand it better but I think I have a little bit of a grasp on it. At first I thought it was a model that helped families get through stressful situations, but the more I read about it I realized that the model explains how families get stressed. So, the model starts of with A, which stands for the provoking event or stressor. Than it moves to B which is the family using all of their resources and strength to respond to the event or stressor. After that is C, which is, how the family interprets the event or stressor. Last is X, which the degree of stress based on how the family responded and interpreted the event. The ABC-X model helps us understand how the family got to whichever degree of stress they are at, and I think being able to see that can help us help them best. Knowing what resources they have used to deal with the situation, and how they’ve interpreted what happened, gives helpers a good idea on where to meet the family.
General Strain Theory means that people who experience strain or stress become distressed or upset which may lead them to commit a crime in order to cope. The key element in the general strain theory is an emotion which could motivate a person to commit a crime. One example that could prove this theory as a true factor about how someone’s emotion could affect the outcome of committing a crime, is by losing their source of income. If a person once had a great job where they were able to earn a lot of money but later was let go due to job cuts, that person stress of losing that high-end income could push them over the edge and they do the unthinkable such as shooting the boss who let them go. The three main sources of General Strain Theory are
For example, a child experiencing the birth of a sibling may feel normal stress. The second form of crisis is situational, which creates stress because of feelings of loss or fear. This type of stress can occur with the death of a relative or the divorce of parents. The last level is high risk, and this level of stress can aid in the development of emotional disorders and cause greater than usual stress. When a child within this age range displays behaviors such as anxiety, impulsiveness, refusal to follow directions, and/or aggressive outbursts, compared to those of his or her healthy, developed counterparts, these are abnormal behaviors and require professional attention.
Robert Agnew is known for his general strain theory. The theory explains that the basis of people getting involved in criminal activity is because of strain. If someone becomes upset, frustrated, depressed, or mistreated they will turn to crime in order to deal with the feelings. Yet, not all people turn to crime in order to deal with strain or stressors. There are different ways to measure strain. Subjective strains are those strains that are disliked by particular person or group. This approached is aimed at how the person reacts to the way they are treated. The second approach is called the objective view. During this approach the researches will as individuals how much they would dislike a specific event. Strains come in three major forms according to Agnew.
Family stressors are events that could happen in a family which lead to disaster. Some examples of events could be disease, unwanted birth, death and
Attention Getter: Life is like a huge roller coaster, a journey full of twists and turns, and ups and downs. And sometimes in this journey there arises various situations where one is unable to deal with these turns, let alone have the energy to face the ups and downs. In situations when the downward spiral becomes difficult to overcome it seems to linger on and on. The major cause of such feelings, are the chaotic activities of life. Stress is no stranger to our daily life. Stress in its severer form can lead to everything that we care about and love become strained and puts a burden on our physical and mental health. Therefore, we must take a hold of our stress, hang on to life and practice helpful techniques to vanish these stressful dilemmas. When we understand our situation, the better we will be able to get through them with ease.
Stress is defined as “any circumstance that threatens or is perceived to threaten one’s well-being and thereby tax one’s coping abilities” (Weiten & Lloyd, 2006, p. 72). Stress is a natural event that exists literally in all areas of one’s life. It can be embedded in the environment, culture, or perception of an event or idea. Stress is a constant burden, and can be detrimental to one’s physical and mental health. However, stress can also provide beneficial effects; it can satisfy one’s need for stimulation and challenge, promote personal growth, and can provide an individual with the tools to cope with, and be less affected by tomorrow’s stress (Weiten & Lloyd, 2006, p. 93).