In many cases, texts might contain ideologies, ideas, or beliefs that the translators disagree with. This creates a tremendous challenge for translators as they decide to reject the work, distant themselves from it and lose some job opportunities. To avoid that, many translators tend to find ways to make the narrative more acceptable for them, by reducing or emphasizing the meaning of some words by using the framing narrative theory. The following strategies are part of the framing narrative theory which translators mostly use during their work: 1. Framing Ambiguity: Framing ambiguity means that one can choose a certain name out of several ones for the same event, place, thing, etc. or address it in a specific way according to his or her point of view. For example, a person who goes on a protest for a certain cause may be framed as ‘marcher’, ‘protester’, ‘objector’, ‘revolutionist’, ‘rioter’ or even ‘terrorist’ according to the speaker’s or translator’s opinion. Based on this, that person will face certain consequences …show more content…
This strategy reveals which side of the conflict the translator is on. So, when he or she chooses a certain expression for one element instead of another, he or she leads the reader’s reaction towards the narrative to the direction planned. Such behavior calls for the use of ‘euphemisms’. Euphemism is mostly used in the political and commercial domains. It is a technique used to make inappropriate expressions more appealing to the reader. Examples of euphemism include the use of ‘passed away’ instead of ‘died’, ‘differently-abled’ instead of ‘disabled’, or ‘negative patient outcome’ instead of ‘dead patient’. Another alternative to euphemism is ‘counter meaning’. It is the use of opposite meanings of an element, usually implied in politics by riots or objectors to that
reader creates “supplementary meaning” to the text by unconsciously setting up tension, also called binary opposition. Culler describes this process in his statement “The process of thematic interpretation requires us to move from facts towards values, so we can develop each thematic complex, retaining the opposition between them” (294). Though supplementary meaning created within the text can take many forms, within V...
The traditional method is incredibly contextual, meaning, it looks deeply at the source, message, and audience as they interact within a give time span. Furthermore, this method is a critique of the assumed interaction between a speaker, text, or artifact and its intended audience. In contrast, a narrative criticism examines all facets of any rhetorical artifact for its form, structure, and pattern, treating it as a dramatic story that unfolds and reveals itself for a certain purpose. Additionally, narratives are primarily utilized as a cognitive instrument for comprehending significance.
Stories are told through a seemingly limitless number of vessels: oral traditions date back thousands of years, literature revolutionized the way information is carried, and in the more recent years film broke through barriers and revolutionized modern media. What all all of these forms have in common is a medium, a method in which to tell their story. Though there are some exceptions, the traditional format includes a narrator of sorts, who will illustrate the events of a story from their own personal perspective. As one can imagine, a story is vastly influenced by the narrator that tells it. Details, opinions, even whole events are included or left out at the discretion of the individual or individuals sharing it. A brilliant example of the power narration holds lies when comparing Joseph Conrad’s novel Heart of Darkness to Francis Ford Coppola’s Apocalypse Now, a film based off of the previously mentioned novel. The novel’s aspiring seaman, Charles Marlow, is a stark contrast to Benjamin Willard, the movie’s special operations officer. Though both pieces of art tell similar stories, the way each tale is told changes the way they story is told.
Narrative research is a qualitative methodological approach in research (Bedford & Landry, 2010. Since the early 1980s, narrative inquiry has been emerging in regards to individual life stories. Storytelling is closely related to psychoanalytic tradition. Narrative research, consist of a multiple of approaches, that are apart of social constructionism, which is guided by the philosophical assumptions of an interpretive constructivist paradigm (Patsiopoulos & Buchanan, 2011). Through this qualitative method researchers are able to explore and obtain an understanding about individuals through specific data gathered through interviews.
Throughout my childhood, the idea of having a college education was greatly stressed. As a result, it was my duty as the next generational child, to excel in my studies and achieve a life of prosperity and success. Learning became the basic foundation of my growth. Therefore, my youth was overtaken by many hours spent reading and writing what was known to be correct "Standard" English. I first found this to be a great shortcoming, but as I grew older, I began to realize the many rewards acquired by having the ability to be literate.
1) A single story is defined by Ngozi Adichie as “showing people one thing, as only one thing, over and over again, and that is what they become” (Adichie). She defined the single story in a TED Talk in 2009. During Adichie's talk, she explained how she was embarrassed of herself and her single story understanding of Mexican culture and people based solely on her experiences with American media and political coverage of Mexico. She had stereotyped the Mexican culture because the only stories she had heard were negative representations of impoverished people. Adichie exclusively categorized immigrants as Mexican, despite herself being an immigrant into America.
In my first paper titled, “My Own Graduation”, I was no well-versed with the idea of framing quotes. Analyzing them was the easy part, when trying to frame a quote by Maya Angelou I stated “Another quote that resonated with me personally is when Maya Angelou quotes a line from “Invictus “and says…” (Angelou qtd. in Alvarez). This framing was problematic because I did not explain what the quote was. In later works, I made sure to have top-notch framing, so I never had this problem again. In my final paper, titled, “Chasing Imperfect Perfection”, I feel that my framing was much better. For instance,
Conventionals have some sensitivity to the idea of framing because they generally follow the rules for communicating with
Agenda-setting hypothesis is to show how the media influences the public agenda. For example, if a newspaper has the same story on the cover everyday for the next week, growing more in-depth each time, this story becomes more prominent over stories on the third page of the paper. McCombs and Shaw started researching this function in 1972; current event analysts had already noticed that people wanted help from the media to help them with their political decisions. McCombs and Shaw say we look to news professionals to know what to focus on in the media. Framing is a selection that the media agenda will make restricted when discussing a particular issue or object. The media will present issues that they want us to think they are more important than others.
The way the media frame issues has a subtle yet significant effect on the general public. Studies have shown that frames can help determine which procedures we find medically necessary (Edwards, Elwyn, Covey, Matthews, & Pill, 2001), can influence our ability to recall critical details of a news story (Valkenburg, 2000), and can even subtly influence elections (Shah, Domke, & Wackman, 1996). Given the impact frames can have on the general public, it is important to have a clear way to conceptualize and measure their effects.
Antonymy or the use of two lexical items that represent the opposite meaning appear in this article such as men and women, males and females, wives and husbands, mothers and fathers, vent and defend etc. The use of these terms in this article is more likely for the purpose of comparison. Most of these antonyms are relational opposites; these opposites indicate two ends of a relationship between persons.
Narrative Essay It all started my sophomore year of high school. People always tell you that when someone knocks you down, you should always get back up and keep trying. I had this mindset at the beginning of my sophomore year, but I ended up letting a teacher knock me down to the point where I did not get back up for a couple of years. I never expected my second year of high school to go so awry.
In human society, translation plays a significant role, which helps realize effective communication among people. Benjamin (as cited in Venuti, 2000) indicates translation is the mode, which plays a function of transmitting information; hence translatability determines whether the information could be effectively and appropriately delivered and is regarded as the “essential quality of certain works”. Throughout history, many scholars have developed translation theories, which provide various effective translation strategies and methods, to explore the translatability. Equivalence theory points out that all languages always share some similarities; hence the languages could be exchanged (Nida, as cited in Venuti, 2000). The skopos theory emphasizes
News media outlets do not shy away from media framing. Media framing is how information is presented to the public, whether it is leaving information out or exaggerating the details. Erving Goffman was the first to bring forth the idea and theory of framing and defined framing as a “schemata of interpretation” that enables individuals to “locate, perceive, identify and label” occurrences or life experiences (Goffman, 1974). In his 1993 discussion of framing, Robert Entman offered a more thorough explanation: “To frame is to select some aspects of a perceived reality and make them more salient in communicating text, in such a way as to promote a particular problem definition, casual interpretation, moral evaluation, and/or treatment recommendation.” (Entman, p.52). Entman used the term “salient” when referring to framing. Salient terms are more noticeable and important. As he described it, “Texts can make bits of information more salient by placement or repetition, or by associating them with culturally familiar symbols” (Entman, p.53) Entman further explains that frames are a particular way in which the human consciousness can
The work of the translator stars with the reading of the ST: he has to study the lexicon, the grammatical structure, the communicative intention of the writer, and of course the cultural context in which is developed the ST, in order to identify the best translation strategy able to express the original intention.