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Secondary prevention for terrorist attacks
Prevention of terrorism essay for school
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At a local and state level, first responders have a considerable amount of risks responding to an international terrorist event on US soil. Depending on the magnitude of the terrorist threat, first responders must gather information of the threat to reduce the risks associated with that terrorist event. These risks could come in many forms that could disrupt the quality-of-life within communities and our nation.
The United States have certain strategy that can be apply to how first responders will respond to a terrorism. This process is called “Treat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Guide” (THIRA). Also, to supplement the THIRA, the “Strategic National Risk Assessment” (SNRA). By implementing these two strategies, first responders can have a clear analyzes of the greatest risks to our Nation.
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However, though there are three types of threats, technological and human-caused are two types of threats that need to be identified because of the potential risks to our nation. According to research terrorism comes in many forms such as hijacking airliners, car and truck bombs, chemical bombs, rocket and missile attacks, ambushes and chemical/nuclear/biological attacks (Newman, R. G., Clarke, V. R, 2008).
In addition to these forms of terrorism, terrorist will attempt to seek and build weapons of mass destruction (WMD)to cause mass causalities. For example, terrorists used a car/truck bombs as weapon to attack the World Trade Center (WTC). However, the terrorist did not accomplish what was supposed to be mass causality attack, so in 2001, terrorists used aircraft’s as missiles to attack the World Trade Center
The National Response Framework is a guide designed to assist local, State, and Federal governments in developing functional capabilities and identifying resources based on hazard identification and risk assessment. It outlines the operating structure and identifies key roles and responsibilities. It established a framework to identify capabilities based on resources and the current situation no matter the size or scale. It integrates organizational structures and standardizes how the Nation at all levels plans to react to incidents. The suspected terrorist attack will have health, economic, social, environment and political long-term effects for my community. This is why it is essential that local government’s response is coordinate with all responders. Response doctrine is comprised of five key principles: (1) engaged partnership, (2) tiered response, (3) scalable, flexible, and adaptable operational capabilities, (4) unity of effort through unified command, and (5) readiness to act. An introductory word about each follows. (Homeland Security, 2008)
Department of health (2007) say that there are 3 types of risk assessment:the unstructured clinical approach, the actuarial approach and the structured clinical approach (DOH 2007). Many Mental health Professionals over the past years have used the unstructured clinical approach to risk assess. This is based on your experience and judgement to assess the risk. However this way has been criticized for not being structured and this then leads to inconsistency and to be unreliable (Turner and Tummy 2008). This approach would not be useful for the case with Julie as she is not known to services and every person is different as you may not have seen her symptoms before if you base the risk assessment on experience.
Being the oldest daughter of a Senior ATF Agent, I have been exposed to domestic terrorism all of my life. My father has investigated thousands of bombings, fires, and explosions for more than twenty years now. Many of these incidents were examples of the terrorism that I speak about. His experiences have taught me countless lessons and informed me of many current events. The information that I have obtained from him is far more valuable than anything that the media could ever possibly convey. Though he is always strictly guarded with the confidences of his profession, he has always provided me with a firsthand knowledge of the impact that domestic terrorism has on the citizens and law enforcement. Through him, I learn the facts of these incidents without the media’s exaggerations. Today I will share with you some of these facts. I will talk to you about the impact that domestic terrorism has on our citizens. These impacts include: the monetary damages that terrorism inflicts, along with the injuries to the victims, the shocking repercussions that are embedded into the minds and souls of the people who come to sort through the rubble to find the survivors and the remaining evidence.
Homeland security was developed by the United States government to protect the country from external aggression, reduce the likelihood of terrorist attacks and manage the damage that occurs in case of attacks. To this end, the government set up and reconstituted numerous agencies to aid in the fight against terrorism in the United States. The United States Department of Justice and Department of Homeland Security constitute the most prominent departments under the United States law to champion the fight against any attacks by extremist groups. Federal, State and local law enforcement agencies, as well as the United States’ military also have a role to play in homeland security. With the increasing cases of attacks and acts of aggression towards the United States, the government sought to strengthen the resolve to curb any attacks aimed at killing or maiming the citizens or destruction of government institutions and installations. In the wake of the September 11 attacks, it was apparent that stringent measures were needed to prevent attacks on American soil and protect the citizens of the country. This paper examines the duties; responsibility and intelligence methods used by the military, federal, State and local law enforcement agencies, as well as homeland security agencies in the fight against terrorism, with the aim of drawing similarities and differences.
According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), “The National Preparedness Report evaluates and measures gains individuals and communities, private and nonprofit sectors, faith-based organizations, and all levels of governments have made in preparedness and identifies where challenges remain” (FEMA, 2016). This information can be used as a way to track the direction the United States is heading in relation to homeland security and disaster response. The report includes information from many sources including, but not limited to fusion centers, joint terrorism agencies, United States Coast Guard and many others. The information contained also includes statistics on training and responses throughout the United States of America. Furthermore, the information can be used with a “lessons learned” approach to evaluate the effectiveness
Over the past century, terrorism has advanced from random killings to enormous plans for terrorist groups. To understand terrorism, you must first define it. Terrorism as we all know it is hard to define and understand, and has many different definitions as it is used widely. The word "terrorism" stems from the word "terror", which means to instill fear in. People become terrorists when they take the actions towards instilling fear and terror upon people to prove a certain point or agenda.
Inadequate Preparations: the Primary Threat to First Responders Responding to an international Terrorist Event on US Soil
This framework help archive the National Preparedness Goal of a secure and resilient nation that is prepared to protect against the greatest of disasters and risk in a manner that allows American interests. This framework provides guidance to leaders and practitioners at all level of government, the private and nonprofit sectors and individuals. The National Protection Framework includes those capabilities necessary to secure the homeland against terrorism and manmade or natural
Although the probability of a terrorist attack on US soil is low; after 9/11 the nation became more aware of threat of terrorism in their backyards. In response, first responders such as police, fire, and emergency medical services have increased training in response, mitigation, and recovery efforts in the event of a terrorist attack. Although an agency may alter their training to include terrorism response, the risks associated with a terrorist attacks are still present. Some of the risks that affect first responders can include various hazardous materials such as biological, radiological, and chemical hazards as well as other secondary threats including instability of an infrastructure, fire, and secondary explosives/fire arms; unfortunately,
The U.S. Department of State defines terrorism as, “The calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological”. Whereas the Belgium Red Cross says that terrorism is committed “for the purpose of intimidating the population, forcing a third party to act or destablishing or destroying the fundamental structures of a country or of an international organization”.
According to psychological literature, “resilience is the ability to cope with a negative or traumatic event and return quickly to a healthy level of functioning. Traumatic events which can test the resilience of a nation or community include not only terror attacks, but also natural disasters and accidents” (Kindt, M. T. November, 2006). In the design of counterterrorism policies, the uncertain nature of the terrorist threat is a fundamental challenge. This uncertainty presents a particular problem for efforts to prevent terrorist attacks before they happen.
Looking at the threat of global terrorism from a local perspective and how to best prepare for a sudden attack can be a daunting and complex task fret with challenges. In the face of the international terrorism threat, first responders are the guardians of the public and must be prepared to react at a moment’s notice. They manage many risks when attempting to counter or respond to threats in their communities. First responders risk not only the safety, but the social integrity of their communities with every decision they make in the fight against terrorism. In order to effectively counter or respond to an international terrorist event on US soil, first responders must make decisions which risk community cohesion and the proper allocation of
Terrorism is one of the most extensively discussed issues of our time and at the same time it is also one of the least understood. The term itself “terrorism” means many different things to different people, cultures, and races. As a result, trying to define or classify terrorism with one universal definition is nearly impossible. The definition of terrorism used in this research is a reflection of much of the Western and American way of defining it. The definition of terrorism is,
A hazard is defined as an activity or object that has the potential to cause harm if contact is made with the person, object or activity (MHS, 1996; Harmse, 2007; HSE, 2006). These hazards in a work place need to be identified and dealt with accordingly to prevent any harm to employees or any individual acquainted to a certain activity or establishment. The key roles and principles of occupational hygiene are Anticipation, Identification, Evaluation and Control (Schoeman and van den Heever, 2014; Harmse, 2008; SAMTRAC, 2012). To practise in accordance to the above principle; a hazard identification and risk assessment needs to be conducted. Anticipation is the foreseeing of the activity
In this competitive world, companies have to deal with various types of risk all the time with there projects. Generally, it affects the budget and schedule of the project. So it is important to keep in mind the risk management strategies while creating an initial project plan.