A stochastic process, sometimes called random process, is a family (collection) of random variables which presents the evolution of some random values over the time. There are two categories of stochastic processes:
A discrete time stochastic process which is described as a sequence of random variables known as time series (Markov chain). The values of variables change at the fixed points of the time.
Continuous time stochastic processes are presented as a function whose values are random variables with certain probability distributions. The values of variables change continuously over time.
Good examples of stochastic process among many are exchange rate and stock market fluctuations, blood pressure, temperature, Brownian motion, random walk.
A Markov chain is a stochastic process where the past history of variables are irrelevant and only the present value is important for the predicting the future one.
So Markov chain property can be expressed as:
Pr(X_(n+1)=x┤| X_1=x_1,X_2=x_2,…,X_n=x_n)=Pr(X_(n+1)=x┤| X_n=x_n)
where X_1,X_2,X_3,… are random variables.
A Wiener process k...
1.Discuss two scenes that illustrate the self-fulfilling prophecy. Be sure to address the expectation set as well as the specific behavior(s) that led to the prophecy being fulfilled.
Process philosophy is known as the idea that everything is changing. Over the years, process philosophy has changed the way humans exist and go about their day to day lives. In order to fully grasp the concept of process philosophy we will first take a closer look at process philosophy, as a whole, its history, and the ideas behind this particular philosophy. Then we will discuss the effects process philosophy has had on marriage and family, followed by a brief commentary.
event such as a sequence of numbers as produced by a random event generator. The
...xpected weather conditions over time, previous weather conditions, possible areas of less deteriorating weather conditions, expected duration of bad weather condition.
On the other hand, we experience events in time as occurring in succession, one after another, and as simultaneous with other events. When viewed in this way, events stand in various different temporal relations to each other but no one event, or set of events, is singled out as having the property of being present or as occurring 'now'.
events that repeats itself over and over again unchanged, usually, for an indefinite amount of time. This
...nguistics allows identification to become increasingly specific, resulting in the conceptualization of a process as a non-temporal object; and through conceptualization our means of identification remains unaffected by the varying stages of physical changes which occur over time.
8) Deduction (P. 101) - A type of reasoning that relies on uncertain trends to make a specific
The term “entropy” describes a “measure of disorder or randomness in an isolated system” (Dictionary.com). According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, the entropy of an isolated system will always increase over time. Therefore, disorder and randomness are constantly increasing. Amis drew from both this law and the work of the physicist A.S. Eddington in writing T...
Observational learning is a type of learning that is done by observing the actions of others. It describes the process of learning by watching others, retaining what was learned, and
Albeit, in ordinary language, Prior recognises that we drop the ‘at some time’ and are left with “the too simple, noun-copula-adjective form of sentence.” Wilson adds that it may be true that a thing “changes qualitatively and is numerically the same” such as a leaf changing colour according to the season, the changing of the leaf is nevertheless a “compound, temporalized property” of the leaf. That is, in August 2013 the leaf is green and in October 2013 the leaf is red- the leaf has obviou...
Probability and Statistics most widespread use is in the arena of gambling. Gambling is big all over the world and lots of money is won and lost with their aid. In horse racing especially the statistics of a horse in terms of its physical condition and winning history sway numbers of persons into believing that the mathematical evidence that is derived can actually be a good indicator of a race’s outcome. Usually it is if the odds or probability are great in favor of the desired outcome. However the future is uncertain and races can turn out any of a number of different ways.
The Gaussian distribution—a function that tells the probability that any real observation will fall between any two real limits or real numbers, as the curve approaches zero on either side. It is a very commonly occurring continuous probability distribution. In theory, Gaussian distributions are extremely important in statistics and are often used in the natural and social sciences for real-valued random variables whose distributions are not known. Gaussian distributions are also sometimes referred as Bell curve or normal distribution.
Ravi, Sreenivasan. "Statistical And Probabilistic Methods In Actuarial Science." Journal Of The Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics In Society) 172.2 (2009): 530. Business Source Premier. Web. 25 Oct. 2013.