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Comparison between leadership theories
Comparison between leadership theories
Comparison between leadership theories
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An Executive Summary of Sports Leadership: The Multidimensional Theory
Sport leadership is an emerging area of research. Most of the leadership models from business management psychology field helped to shape some of the initial models that led on to popular sports leadership models such as the contingency theory (Fiedler, 1964), the discrepancy theory (Chelladurai, 1984), the path-goal theory (House, 1971), and the transformational leadership theory (Bass, 1990). After reading relevant research Chelladurai and Carron in 1978 conceptualised the multidimensional leadership model.
The multidimensional leadership has found popularity within sport psychology (Chelladurai, 2012). This is likely to be as it can be easily applied to a wide range of managers, athletes and clubs of a variety of sports.
Therefore the aim of this executive summary is to explain the fundamental components of the
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Through simple manipulation and alteration of the member and situational characteristics the leader can be seen as a transformational leader.
In order for sport psychologists to assess whether or not Chelladurai’s multidimensional model of leadership is an effective model a measurement instrument was utilised. The most popular measurement instrument for this is the leadership scale for sports (LSS). The LSS was first created by Chelladurai and Saleh in 1978 and modified in 1980. It measures 5 key parts of leadership: training and instruction, democratic behaviour, positive feedback, social support and autocratic behaviour.
The LSS has received psychometric backing and has been extensively tested (Chelladurai, 1993; Chelladurai & Riemer, 1998).
With the theory of Chelladurai’s multidimensional and the use of the LSS sports psychologists would be able to identify the areas in which managers or sport and exercise leaders are not being as effective as they could
One position in sport that has always caught my attention is being an athletic director. The reason why is that ever since high school, I have known that being an athletic director means that you are in charge of the athletic department. I will introduce four articles that will talk about not only the responsibilities of being an athletic director, but will show you some problems you may face being an athletic director. I will briefly introduce each article then in the analysis section I will discuss each one. I want to provide the research and knowledge necessary to give an understanding of what it takes to be an athletic director.
Transformational leadership describes a leader moving followers beyond immediate self-interests through idealized influence (charisma), inspiration motivation, intellectual stimulation, or individualized consideration. Transformational leaders are change agents. They influence the mission and objectives to make way for a brighter future for the organization. Followers are motivated to do more than is originally expected because of their feelings of trust and respect for the leader.
Assessment tools can be a good start for individuals to assess their leadership characteristics and skills, such as Grossman and Valiga’s Leadership Characteristcs and Skills Assessment (Grossman and Valiga, 2013). These tools may be helpful but its accuracy is questionable. The assessment can overestimate or underestimate an individual’s skills since it is a self-subjective administered assessment that is biased towards the taker. An overconfident person may perceive their skills highly and an under confident person may have low results.
Captains of sports teams are given the stereotype that they are the most athletic player on the team, scoring the most goals and handling the ball best. In truth, captains have a lot of work they have to do that doesn’t even involve playing the sport. Captains are the most looked at player of the game; other players, younger kids and coaches look to them to set examples. They have to set examples in every aspect of the game; athleticism might be part of their job but it is not limited to it. The captain of any sports team must set the leadership standard for commitment, confidence, intelligence, and attitude.
The purpose of this paper is to describe how a good leader can influence, motivate, and change a negative organizational culture in team sports. Using the leader-follower-situation framework, an explanation is provided about how coaches can indeed change a negative organizational culture within a sports team. The model will be used to demonstrate that coaches can have a profound impact not only on the actions and attitudes of players toward their sports, as well as actions and behaviors within the team environment toward each other. In turn, the actions and attitudes of the players ultimately impact the longer-term organizational culture of the team, which, in turn, breeds additional actions and behaviors that further impacts the organizational culture of the team.
Historically, there has been a conception that coaching the physical aspects of sport is most important for team success. However, coaching has undergone great change over the years. Particularly, there has been a growing emphasis on fostering the mental elements of sport for athletes. These include confidence, motivation, mindfulness, optimism, and mental toughness (Ellsworth, 2011). A coach who has shared similar values is Phil Jackson, a former coach of the Chicago Bulls and Los Angeles Lakers, and owner of a record breaking eleven National Basketball Association (NBA) championship rings. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest coaches in American sports, in large part due to his remarkable ability to cultivate these components in his players. In his autobiography 11 Rings – The Soul of Success (2013), Jackson describes the unique approaches he used to foster these constructs, particularly emphasizing mindfulness and optimism. For example, his book highlights his principles of mindful leadership, some which are titled, “Lead from the Inside Out”, “One Breath = One Mind”, “The Key to Success is Compassion”, and “Bench the Ego” (Jackson, 11-19). As evident though Coach Jackson, as well as many other high achieving sport coaches, the development of a team’s psychological aspects can positively correlate in with a team’s success. This paper will
...nge, and the higher the goal striving. A psychological theory that I personally feel is applicable to sports psychology is Albert Bandura's theory of self-efficacy, Bandura believed that self-efficacy is “the belief in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations.". His theory is the most commonly used theory, pertaining to self-confidence in sports and motor performance. Bandura’s theory poses self-efficacy as a common cognitive mechanism for mediating people's motivation and behavior, it delves into the sports region of psychology because a lot of the cognitive thought process in sports revolve around some sort of incentive or motive. Self-efficacy is the primary determinant of one’s behavior, it has its influences when proper incentives are offered and the necessary skills for the sport are present.
The previous CEO’s management style did not encourage independence, initiative, and creativity, rarely promoting talent or motivating employees. The new CEO found staff morale, productivity, and performance suffering from a cultural environment previously mismanaged by controlling information to limit support, coordination and confidence of employee capabilities to gain influence over success of organizational objectives. He chose to respond by empowering each managerial level and distribute decision making ability to successfully achieve Good Sport’s objectives to excel in their marketplace. He provided each level the ability to be responsive for quickly making decision to effect change, accountable for their actions to evaluate objectives and offer fresh perspectives on vision and through empowerment of new roles an increased respective function, building stronger levels of trust with interdependency.
Sports organizations are dependent upon their employee’s attitude as well as work ethic. This is influenced by leadership and how employees view their leaders and coaches. In a recent article entitled “The complexity of leading in sport: Examining the role of domain expertise in assessing leader credibility and prototypicality”, Steve Swanson and Aubrey Kent propose that employee’s evaluations of their leaders are dependent on their perceived level of credibility as well as theories of leadership. They propose that simply being in a managerial position does not necessarily make that person a leader. A true leader comes from the respect they receive from employees.
For this I have developed the characteristic of being honest and true to my words, to bring the environment of just and fairness. I gave due respect to all players, so they can trust ne and start thinking for team’s benefits. Essentially, as a coach my motto in this regard was “equal rewards for equal performance.” I gave my team members full confidence to speak-up when they have any kind of issue. In this prospect some of my senior coaches also helped me in becoming a good leader and coach. They provided their complete guidance and support which helped me in a lot in achieve my goal. They also helped in developing right kind of attitude that influenced the behavior of all the athletes. As leaders are individuals who significantly affect the thoughts and behavior of others, not through coercion but rather through persuasion. So by adopting this positive attitude I became successful in resolving all the conflicts in the players. One of the biggest challenge which I had faced being a leader was to select a strong and competent captain because it is very difficult situation when a captain is not a solid player. After giving due attention and by evaluating their performance, I select a solid captain who is also a solid player. Now it’s
According to Kotter, leadership is about coping with change and setting the direction of that change is fundamental to leadership. Setting direction is never the same as planning or long – term planning. The direction setting aspect of leadership does not produce plans; it creates visions and strategies. These describe a corporate culture in terms of what it should become over the long term and articulate a feasible way of achieving the goal (Kotter 41). In sports, we are seeing contrasts in leadership. What seems to be clear with the public is that they expect strong leadership a proactive response from those who run sports organizations. Professional sports commissioners are expected to make change and use power in ways that will have lasting
He states, “The essential thrust of the model is that effectiveness of leadership is a function of the extent to which the leader builds a unique relationship with each of the members. The relationship between a member and the leader is based on the interpersonal exchanges between the two. The quality of such a relationship is characterized by mutual trust, respect, and support,” (Chelladurai, 2014, p. 307). This theory helps lay the groundwork for those that are in leadership positions. It helps us understand how some leaders behave, why some coach-athlete relationships are more invested with one group over another.
For a coach to be an effective sports leader they would need to have full knowledge of sports skills. This is because for them to be able to teach it effectively they would have to understand all aspects of the skill to teach it in sections and to make sure that they are carrying it out safely. For the team or individual, knowing important skills will have a big impact on performance as by including advanced skills will reflect a better performance. Knowing the rules of the sport being taught is important for a sports leader to know as it can have a big impact on game decisions and the outcomes of the game. This is due to if the coach is unaware of rules being broken such as ‘off-side’ in a match, no free pass will be given and it could give
It is important to consider the variety of coaching methods available and choose a method that would meet the needs of both the athletes and the coach. The multidimensional model of Leadership in Sport state that players are most satisfied when the attitude and actions of the coach match the players’ preferred leader behaviour and the leadership behaviour most appropriate to the situation. It is vital to be aware of the needs of the athletes when considering coaching behaviours (Chelladurai & Saleh,
The Development, Implementation and Evaluation of an Athlete Leadership Development Program with Female Varsity Athletes Summary Adequate leadership has been identified as a significant piece within the discipline of sport psychology (Duguay, Loughead, & Munroe-Chandler, 2016). Athlete leadership was characterized as an individual that had maintained an informal or formal role within a team that shaped the group dynamic in order to accomplish a similar goal (Duguay, Loughead, & Munroe-Chandler, 2016). With an increasing demand to understand how leadership can be fostered in athletes, the researchers sought out to establish, implement, and assess a leadership development program (Duguay, Loughead, & Munroe-Chandler, 2016). While leader development