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Tragedy And Comedy Comparison
Tragedy And Comedy Comparison
Tragedy And Comedy Comparison
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One might say that comedy and tragedy are completely opposite; however this is not true. Throughout the comedy, The Frogs by Aristophanes, the cowardly protagonist makes foolish actions in order for self-gain. In the tragedy, Oedipus Tyrannus written by Sophocles, the protagonist suffers a tumultuous downfall that results in exile. While the plays stand different in their beginnings and outcomes, The Frogs transpires from bad fortune to good fortune while Oedipus Tyrannus evolves from good fortune to bad fortune, they also share similarities. These include a progression from ignorance to knowledge and characters that remain consistent and act with believable personalities. These principles follow along with Aristotle's beliefs, which he outlines in his book Poetics. Whereas both …show more content…
In Poetics, Aristotle dictates the importance of plot in a tragedy, but also in a comedy. He writes “A reversal is a change to the opposite in the actions being performed, as stated – and this, as we have been saying, in accordance with probability or necessity” (Aristotle 18). In layman’s terms Aristotle is saying the characters must experience a change in fortune, i.e. good to bad or bad to good. Likewise, in both The Frogs and Oedipus Tyrannus the foremost characters experience this same form of reversal, just in dissimilar ways. For example, Oedipus experiences a change from good fortune to bad fortune by means of losing his place as King of Thebes after gouging out his eyes and exiling himself upon learning that he killed his father and married his mother (14 & 1357-1366). Whereas, in The
...ods come for the free drugs that he offers. Johnny is a man for whom we feel pride, shame and pity all at once but such a contradictory character would be unstable and unpredictable. Aristotle defines tragedy according to seven characteristics. These are that it is characterized by mimicry, it is serious, it expresses a full story of a relevant length, it contains rhythm and harmony, the rhythm and harmony occur in different combinations in different parts of the tragedy, it is performed not narrated and that it provokes feelings of pity and fear then purges these feelings through catharsis the purging of the emotions and emotional tensions. The composition of a tragedy consists of six segments. In order of relevance, these are plot, character, thought, diction, melody, and performance. For a comedy the ending must be merry. Instead Jerusalem ends in death.
Throughout history rulers have used force in the pursuit of the acquiring more power and wealth, regardless of the consequences. The use of force may lead to the fulfillment of ones current interests or goals, but continued abuse of this power in pursuit of ones own interests has historically lead to the downfall of those in power. In the text The Prince Machiavelli says, “It is much safer to be feared than loved, if you cannot have both”. This quote suggests that when given the choice it is better for a ruler to use his power, through force if necessary, and be feared than to do what is right for the people and lose everything. In Sophocles’ Antigone, Thucydides History of the Peloponnesian War, and Sophocles’ Republic the analogy of the double-edged
Antigone was a selfless person with pride as a strong characteristic of her personality. She possibly had feelings of loneliness and anger from the way society has looked upon her family from their past. It took a strong willed person who has no fear of the repercussions to stand up to a king as she did. To make everything all the worst she stood up to a king who was her Uncle and she being a female back in those time, standing up and speaking out for herself was not heard of.
The great Sophoclean play, Oedipus Rex is an amazing play, and one of the first of its time to accurately portray the common tragic hero. Written in the time of ancient Greece, Sophocles perfected the use of character flaws in Greek drama with Oedipus Rex. Using Oedipus as his tragic hero, Sophocles’ plays forced the audience to experience a catharsis of emotions. Sophocles showed the play-watchers Oedipus’s life in the beginning as a “privileged, exalted [person] who [earned his] high repute and status by…intelligence.” Then, the great playwright reached in and violently pulled out the audience’s most sorrowful emotions, pity and fear, in showing Oedipus’s “crushing fall” from greatness.
There was a belief, deeming it impossible for playwrights to successfully write tragic and comedic plays and so ancient Greek playwrights were to follow only one genre of the three (Hall, Sean, Alan, & Laura, 2015). This proclaim suggests that playwrights have limitations as artists, XXX There is overwhelming evidence presenting playwrights to have the ability to write both tragic and comedic plays, and this has even developed into an entire genre termed tragicomedy, where both tragic and comedic elements are implemented into one storyline. An example of a tragicomedy is The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare, where the comic structure and tragic components coexist with one
A Tale of Two Cities, Romeo and Juliet. Names such as these bring to mind both plays and pieces of literature that are considered by many to be timeless classics. Perhaps the reason these stories are so popular is not just because they are well written. People are also able to relate to the characters who are often entangled in one of the many complexities within a given society. Authors such as Shakespeare or Charles Dickens are able to discuss some of the issues and problems that face people within society. The answers to the these issues are often left unclear. Providing the audience a chance to ponder these questions and decide for themselves if a certain view is right, wrong, or somewhere in between.
Brad Moore, a famous athlete once said, “Pride would be a lot easier to swallow if it didn’t taste so bad.” In Sophocles’ well known Greek tragedy, Antigone, the main character undergoes immense character development. Antigone transforms from being stubborn and underestimated to courageous and open-minded. In reality, it is Antigone’s insular persistence that leads to her ultimate decline in the play as well as others around her. After the death of her two brothers, Eteocles and Polynices, Creon becomes the new ruler of Thebes. With this, he grants Eteocles an honorable funeral service for his brave fighting. Claiming that Polynices was a traitor, he shows complete refusal to grant Polynices a respectable and worthy service. Clearly disagreeing with Creon’s inexcusable demands, Antigone declares she will bury Polynices herself so that his soul can be at peace. Entirely aware of the consequences and dangers of this action, which include death, she goes forward vowing her love for her family. Antigone shows strength and determination towards her brother. However, her growing sense of pride leads to her downfall as she sacrifices everything for her family. Antigone develops into an admirable character in which she portrays her defiance and courage, pride and open mindedness, and sense of moral righteousness to show vital character growth as the play progresses.
Tiresias, from “Oedipus the King” by the Ancient Greek playwright Sophocles, is a blind prophet and whilst he is only on the stage for a little time he plays a major role by what he does and what he represents. Tiresias enters the play after being summoned by Oedipus to tell him of the murderer of Laius, the recent King. Tiresias for the sake of Oedipus does not tell him the truth at the start saying that “what will come will come. Even if I shroud it all in silence”. In is conversation, Sophocles, uses Tiresias as a turning point in the plot as it is the beginning of Oedipus’ downfall. As well as that Sophocles uses Tiresias to represent many of the key ideas in the play. Tiresias represents the idea of fate and how
Before the twentieth century plays were mainly written as either a tragedy or comedy. In a tragic play the tragic hero will often do something that will eventually destroy him. In the book Oedipus the King, Oedipus is the tragic hero. In this tragic play the main character, which is portrayed as Oedipus, will do a good deed that will in turn make him a hero. This hero will reach his height of pride in the story, and in the end the action, which he had committed earlier, will return and destroy this man who was once called a hero.
According to Aristotle, a tragedy must be an imitation of life in the form of a serious story that is complete in itself among many other things. Oedipus is often portrayed as the perfect example of what a tragedy should be in terms of Aristotle’s Poetics. Reason being that Oedipus seems to include correctly all of the concepts that Aristotle describes as inherent to dramatic tragedy. These elements include: the importance of plot, reversal and recognition, unity of time, the cathartic purging and evocation of pity and fear, the presence of a fatal flaw in the “hero”, and the use of law of probability.
The first component of dramatic tragedies is the importance of plot and how it propels characters contrary to that of comedic tragedies in which the plot is driven by characters. In dramatic tragedies, the characters have no control over their own fate. No matter what they do, they can never control or escape fate. This component is demonstrated in Sophocles’ tragedy when Oedipus causes his own fall. However, this fall was not caused by the character's weakness or flaw. It was predestined and uncontrollable to him. Although he could not control or change his fate, his tragic flaw, determination, is led to his downfall. The plot propelled his character as he fought to change his fate, which led to his actual fate. This tragic flaw, another component of Greek tragedy, caused his fate to be fulfilled. He was determined to escape the oracle so he fled from Corinth, where he believed his father was. He killed a random group of travelers including his real father as he was fleeing. Had he not been determined, he would not have left Corinth and his fate would have changed. However, you can’t change fate.
Greek Drama had three main categories The Comedy, Satyr Plays, and The Tragedy. The most popular of the three is The Tragedy, its themes are often such as loss of love, complex relationships between men and the gods, and corruption of power. These dramas taught the people of the city the difference between good and bad behavior and the ramifications of going against the gods. According to Aristotle, the perfect tragedy consisted of the downfall of the hero through a great misunderstanding, causing suffering and awareness for the protagonist meanwhile making the audience feel pity and fear. The prominent writer who Aristotle based his perfect tragedy theory was Sophocles, his drama Oedipus the King had all the elements of a perfect tragedy.
An audience will have no trouble ascertaining whether they are viewing a comedy or a tragedy when viewing a well written drama. Some audience members might be surprised as to how fine the line is between these two genres. According to Roberts and Zweig, when sharing Aristotle’s definition of tragedy, it would contain these key elements, a reversal of situation, a recognition by the protagonist and finally the scene of suffering (1304-1305). These elements were to produce the key components of tragedy through, “fear and Pity” an audience member would experience powerful emotions that would provide a cathartic experience (1303). In contrast a comedy, according to Roberts and Zweig, has a climax where the height of catastrophe is taking place and then the denouement which highlights how the “order is reestablished” (1533). Roberts and Zweig explain how the more chaotic the climax is the funnier the comedy (1533). These same chaotic, misunderstandings and bad behavior can be found in a tragedy. The difference is in a tragedy when the climax is reached the decisions made by the protagonist do not lead to a resolution, rather the result is almost always fatal. The misconceptions that occur throughout the play are met with fear and pity instead of humor and hope. A good writer could perhaps turn his work from a comedy into a tragedy by allowing his characters to make different
Oedipus the King has the ingredients necessary for the plot of a good tragedy, including the peripeteia. According to Aristotle, a peripeteia is necessary for a good plot. Peripeteia is "a reversal in his fortune from happiness to disaster" (Abrams 322). Oedipus's reversal of fortune occurs when he realizes that he is the son of Laius and Jocasta. The messenger comes to Oedipus assuming that he will relieve the King of the fear that he will kill his own father as predicted by the Oracle. But by revealing the secret that Oedipus is not who he thinks he is and he was found and he was given to his father Polybus, the messenger does the opposite. The messenger makes Oedipus more fearful instead and he reverses Oedipus' life. The Chorus says, "You are my great example, you, your life your destiny, Oedipus, man of misery - I count no man blest" (1318-20). The Chorus states that its idea of human happiness is now destroyed by Oedipus's reversal of fortune.
...hough the two demonstrate the elements in different ways, they both achieve an effective tragedy. Now after learning about Aristotle’s philosophy on tragedy, one can examine any type of tragic poetry, play, movie and analysis if the elements are portrayed. Its interesting to see how much of Aristotle’s philosophy has effected poetry in the art of the Greek tragedy, Medea, and the modern movie, No Country for Old Men.