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Case study carpal tunnel syndrome
Case study carpal tunnel syndrome
Case study carpal tunnel syndrome
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You’re finally home from a long day of work and feel a rumbling in your stomach. The aching emptiness insists on food, so you begin the task of preparing a dinner. Upon doing such, while lighting the stove, your hand happens to graze the blue flames. In the blink of an eye your brain is screaming “OUCH! NO! IT’S HOT!” Receiving only slight burns, your body has set off its personal alarm system, keeping you out of any major danger. Amazing how the body can respond in such a productive, lightning fast way to protect you, isn’t it? Give a big thanks to your Somatic Nervous System controlling your five somatic senses; taste, sight, smell, hearing, and touch. Within this report, however, we shall focus on just one of these senses; touch. We will unlock just how it works and the parts of the body that play a key role in the game of feeling. Diseases, conditions, and circumstances of the somatic touch sense will also be examined not failing to cover the dysfunction and issues that may take place in the system.
Let’s begin with the first major component in which plays a significant role in the ability to feel and touch; none other than the skin. Being our largest organ, the skin is extremely important to one’s survival as it protects your insides from the harsh world filled with disease and bacteria, and also is responsible for our sense of touch. Within the skin’s three layers, a massive network of touch receptors and neurons is situated called the Somatosensory System. A system of which is responsible for all of the feelings we feel physically, how can it be simple? Well, it’s not. Four different typed of receptors make us this Somatosensory System. They are listed as follows: mechanoreceptors, pain receptors, proprioceptors, and ther...
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...ritis, and the list goes on. Treatment is rather simple, yet it has no promising effects. Doctors recommend the patient to ice the wrists, keep the wrist activity down, and wear splints at night to keep pressure off of the median nerve. Because Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is progressive, the future does not look so bright for those suffering with it. Depending on the severity, surgery may be the only answer. Other than that, we can expect to see much feeling loss and pain occur as the patient ages.
Simply enough, the somatic sense of touch is quite complex and interesting as it is built upon layers of microscopic systems all interworking with one another. It’s about time we stand back and appreciate our sense of touch, because it works in its special way to keep us out of danger and hurting oneself. Touch and feeling are a truly fascinating, vital sense within our five.
Therapeutic touch was developed by Dolores Krieger and Dora Kunz in the 1970s as a non-invasive nursing intervention (Kelly et al. 2004). Jackson and Keegan (2009, p.614) defined therapeutic touch as “a specific technique of centring intention used while the practitioner moves the hands through a recipient’s energy field for the purpose of assessing and treating energy field imbalance.” The original theory of the technique proposed by nursing theorist Rogers (1970) is that individuals as a unified whole have their own permeable energy fields that extend from the skin surface and flow evenly when they are healthy. The energy field of the ill physical body is disrupted, misaligned, obstructed or “out of tune” (Huff et al. 2006). TT has the potential to re-pattern, reorganize and restore the individual’s imbalanced energy fields through the open system extending from the surface of the body interacting with the environment constantly (Krieger, 1979). The earliest studies of healing touch were carried out in the 1950s and 1960s: biochemist Bernard Grad (1965) collaborated with famous healer Oskar Estebany to demonstrate the significantly accelerated healing effects of therapeutic touch on wounded mice and damaged barley seeds. The central aim of healing therapies is to relax and calm patients in order to activate patients’ natural healing ability, and it does not include any religious activity (Lorenc et al. 2010).
Anne Louise Oaklander then proceeds to discuss touch. She explains that senses have evolved specialized organs to process senses that were already discussed in this forum. Touch however, as Oaklander explains, can be perceived all throughout the body- something she likes to refer to as “somatosensation.” Oaklander defines somatosensation as: “A product of a number of different kind of sensory processes all chiming in to give you a perception.” All these sensory processes are somehow connected with processes in the brain.
Therapeutic touch can be learned by anyone. Those who wish to become practitioners take special courses. The practitioner is taught to center himself, physically and psychologically, where he can find within himself an inner reference of stability. The pupil must learn to assess the patient by feeling hot, cold, tingling, congestion or pressure sensations in his hands when gliding through another person's energy fi...
The human body has developed a pain response in order to avoid injury. For example, if an individual were to place their hand on a hot oven, the excruciating pain would signal the nervous system to move the hand immediately before experiencing irreversible damage.
In this lab we apply the technique known as a two point discrimination test. This test will allow us to determine which regions of the skin are best able to discriminate between two simultaneous sensory impulses. According to (Haggard et al. 2007), tactile discrimination depends on the size of the receptive fields located on the somatosensory neurons. However receptive fields for other types of sensations are located elsewhere. For vision we find that the receptive fields are located inside the visual cortex, and for hearing we find receptive fields in the auditory cortex. The ability for the body to discriminate two points depends on how well that area of the body is innervated with neurons; and thus conferring to the size of the receptive fields (Haggard et al. 2007). It is important to note that the size of the receptive field generally decreases in correlation to higher innervations. As was seen in the retinal receptive fields, the peripheries of tissue had contained larger receptive fields (Hartline, 1940). In our test we hypothesized that the finger region will be able to discriminate better than the forearm. This means that they will be much more innervated with neurons than the forearm, and likewise contain smaller receptive fields. This also means that convergence is closer to a 1:1 ratio, and is less the case the farther from the fingers we go. We also think that the amount of convergence is varied with each individual. We will test to see if two people will have different interpretations of these results.
The purpose of this experiment is to determine which body areas are well represented with touch receptors. For lab 1 (tactile localization), a student’s hypothesis was; If the marker is dotted on a palm, then this will be the most accurate tactile localization. The palm showed this characteristic partially but is not true. Based on the experiment, the palm was more accurate than half of the other locations. With the fingertip averaging 4 mm, back of the hand with 5.7 mm, the neck with 9.7 mm, then the palm of the hand with 11.4 mm and three other locations with greater average distances. So the hypothesis was incorrect, the correct hypothesis would be; “If the marker is dotted on the fingertip, then this will be the most accurate tactile localization.”
Sensation refers to the process of sensing what is around us in our environment by using our five senses, which are touching, smell, taste, sound and sight. Sensation occurs when one or more of the various sense organs received a stimulus. By receiving the stimulus, it will cause a mental or physical response. It starts in the sensory receptor, which are specialized cells that convert the stimulus to an electric impulse which makes it ready for the brain to use this information and this is the passive process. After this process, the perception comes into play of the active process. Perception is the process that selects the information, organize it and interpret that information.
When a message comes to the brain from body parts such as the hand, the brain dictates the body on how to respond such as instructing muscles in the hand to pull away from a hot stove. The nerves in one’s skin send a message of pain to the brain. In response, the brain sends a message back dictating the muscles in one’s hand to pull away from the source of pain. Sensory neurons are nerve cells that carry signals from outside of the body to the central nervous system. Neurons form nerve fibers that transmit impulses throughout the body. Neurons consists of three basic parts: the cell body, axon, and dendrites. The axon carries the nerve impulse along the cell. Sensory and motor neurons are insulated by a layer of myelin sheath, the myelin helps
First, one must have the five senses; taste, smell, hear, see, and feel. Yes, these are physical aspects, however, these senses are what any human needs to be, human. For example, the human body needs to be able to taste. It must ingest food, and the food must appeal to a decent taste. A human must also be able to smell, so one may smell a poisonous gas, delicious food, or any other stench that may linger in the air. To be able to hear, enables the human to hear danger or a noise that appeals to them. When seeing, danger is also noted as well as the care of others. When one feels, the object that is being felt may make the person feel comfortable. Not only the sense of touching, but feelings.
The nervous system is a network of cells that take messages from the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body. The nervous system is made up of the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System. The Central Nervous System has two main parts; the brain and the spinal cord. While the Peripheral Nervous System has the Somatic and the Autonomic Nervous systems included with in it.
With each of our senses (sight, smell, touch, taste, and hear), information is transmitted to the brain. Psychologists find it problematic to explain the processes in which the physical energy that is received by the sense organs can form the foundation of perceptual experience. Perception is not a direct mirroring of stimulus, but a compound messy pattern dependent on the simultaneous activity of neurons. Sensory inputs are somehow converted into perceptions of laptops, music, flowers, food, and cars; into sights, sounds, smells, taste ...
Tactile, or touch feedback is the term applied to sensations felt by the skin. Tactile feedback allows users to feel things such as the texture of surfaces, temperature and vibration. Force feedback reproduces directional forces that can result from solid boundaries, the weight of grasped virtual objects, and mechanical compliance of object and inertia. Tactile feedback, as a component of virtual reality simulations, was pioneered at MIT. The term haptics in its broadest sense relates to the study of touch and the faculty by which external objects or forces are perceived through contact with the body. The word itself derives from the Greek haptikos, “able to touch”.
The five senses of sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell are all sensations throughout the human body. Sensation is the involvement of sensory receptors as well as the central nervous system in order to allow us to experience outside stimuli. The system that allows us to experience sensation is the sensory system.
Many doctors, therapists, and other health care providers never hear about this concept during their medical training, as this is not part of their treatment protocol. However, becoming aware of your body and the sensations you experience within your body and on your skin is the key to solving many health problems, including physical pain. It was a major key to Cornelia's physical healing process eighteen years ago and key in Janet's healing from early life trauma.
experience in 40 to 50 percent; and touch, taste, smell, and pain in a relatively