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Causes for infants to develop separation anxiety essay
Separation anxiety study
Separation anxiety study
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Social Cognition and Infant Separation Noticeably, social abilities get questionable in establishing individuals when they confine themselves. Individuals become socially disengaged with contrasting perspectives of considerations, feelings, and thought processes. Uniquely, infant separation is a type of fear causing emotional reactions and surprise when isolated from typical conditions. The parent and child connection is essential for the child's survival, emotions, and the relationship yields a protected security. Social Cognition The representation of social cognitive skills view as crucial because older people tend to isolate themselves from social positions; fascinating and real by the experience with my mother. My mother’s place of employment
When a child is considered avoidant it is most often shown that the child gives little to no reaction about the mother returning, they may think about it and then almost instantly change their mind. The resistant children seem angry upon the return, they may act out for wanting comfort within the mother but then are unable to calm down to receive the comfort. Then secure, will look for the mother’s arrival, look for the comfort in her, and then go back to what they were previously doing. A sub group called B-4 is a group of secure children of which the child expresses a lot, may act out and need a lot, but also knows that they have their mothers ultimate love and attention.
The mother-infant bond is the familiarity and attachment a mother forms with her offspring. These helpless babies are reliant on their mother’s nurture for survival. This dependence reaches farther than a physiological need. Infants rely on their mothers for a wide variety of demands. The mother-infant bond is critical to maximizing the fitness of each individual, as well as the growth of the species.
From birth to about six months old, an infant doesnÂ’t seem to mind staying with an unfamiliar person (Brazelton, 1992), although the infant is able to distinguish his mother from other people (Slater, et al, 1998). As the infant gets a little older, at about eight to ten months, he/she begins to cry when his caregiver is not his mother or father; and again between eighteen and twenty-four months, when the infant finds out he/she has some control over what happens (Schuster, 1980). Separation anxiety could, and often does, make parents feel guilty for leaving their child and might make them wonder if they are causing their child undue stress.
Hamilton’s psychological perspective of aging seems to be norm for her age. Despite the fact she had two cerebral vascular accidents (strokes), her long-term and short-term memories seemed to be intact. Mrs. Hamilton appropriately answered questions and we reminisced the time when we met for the first time as well as the times we ran into each other at the Arcadia senior center’s educational lectures. Mrs. Hamilton stated she has been experiencing forgetfulness since the strokes and difficulty finding words (aphasia). However, she was able to remember where she wrote my contact number and called me numerous times after our meeting. Mrs. Hamilton was a bookkeeper for her husband’s business and always had outstanding knowledge about investment, finance and businesses aspect of discussion. This is reflective of the Crystallized intelligence which is the information and skills that people have learned through experiences. (Quadagno, 2013, pg.
For example, when the child first arrived he made no contact with those that were in the area. The only eye contact that he made was with his grandmother. The secure attachment theory supports that children are least likely to make contact with strangers when caregivers are around. One example of no contact is, the child not making eye contact with those who were among his presence while he stayed extremely close to his grandmother. Children that are securely attached seem to become somewhat defensive when they are in different environments. They tend to push away from strangers to stay within the presence of their caregivers. They become very anxious of when they feel as if the caregiver could possibly be away from their presence. An example of “anxiousness” is when the observed child got comfortable to venture off, he hesitated leaving his grandmother; it took him a while to get comfortable with the strange surroundings and people. After the child was comfortable, he relaxed and became less anxious. When the observed child started to become comfortable within his surroundings, he slowly but cautiously shied away while turning around and hesitating before he ventured away too far. After the child ventured off, he became even more aware of his surroundings. The child had a pattern of looking for his grandmother to make sure that she was still
Schaffer and Emerson (1964) challenged some of Bowlby’s claims which believed that babies have some biological need to attach to their mothers, or at least to a permanent carer. Schaffer and Emerson carried out an ethological study in Scotland which consisted of 60 babies from a working-class sector of Glasgow during the first eighteen months of their lives. They interviewed the mothers every 4 weeks and asked them several questions related to their child’s reaction when faced with a separation distress, e.g. who they smile at, who they respond to, who affects the child most when they leave and so on. Schaffer and Emerson used the results of their interviews to measure separation anxiety. They also observed how the children responded to the presence of the researchers noting how close they could get to the child before causing sings of distress (when they begin to look for their mothers, whimpering). They used these findings to measure stranger anxiety. The research showed as well that many of the children were actually attached to several people. According to Schaffer and Emerson this occurs when there is more than one person in the child’s life who took an interest in them and the infants became attached to them.
An infant’s initial contact with the world and their exploration of life is directly through the parent/ primary caregiver. As the child grows, learns, and develops, a certain attachment relationship forms between them and the principle adult present in this process. Moreover, this attachment holds huge implications concerning the child’s future relationships and social successes. Children trust that their parental figure will be there; as a result, children whom form proper attachments internalize an image of their world as stable, safe, and secure. These children will grow independent while at the same time maintaining a connection with their caregivers. (Day, 2006). However, when a child f...
However, communication difficulties aren’t the only thing stereotypes negatively produce. The Communication Predicament Model of Aging (Ryan, Giles, Bartolucci & Henwood, 1986, as cited in Giles, Oct. 21, 2014) proposed that these negative characteristics I listed in exercise one can act as triggers for age stereotypes and lead to negative speech between the two groups (younger and older adults). This restricts communicative opportunities between said groups, encouraging less social interaction with older adults. Thus, older adults can lose a vast amount of self-esteem, creating physiological and psychological problems. I for one did not know the amount of damage categorizing older adults by their stereotypes could cause to their psyche. When my grandfather was 75 years old, he was put into the hospital for heart problems and my family would visit him often. I always remember my mother and father slowing their speech down, or just talking differently towards him while he was in the hospital bed. It is as if seeing my grandfather in a hospital bed triggered age stereotypes of older adults, thus changing the way my parents commutated toward them. Applying Social Identity Theory (Giles et al. 2014) presented in COMM 119 to that interaction made me realize for the future that I must look past these stereotypes, and base my communicative behaviors around the individual, and not there group. As it can lead to higher levels of self-esteem for the older adult I am addressing. Properly accommodating to the elder adults will also allow me to get rid of stereotypes and possibly see aging as more of a positive
Attachment and Bonding as Important Developmental Processes Attachment and bonding are felt to be important developmental processes because bonding and attachment are both stages of human development, which are essential to a child's stable development as they grow. Babies bond in many different ways, mainly through touch and smell. Bonding is the sense of connection between parents/main carer and the infant. Bonding is the basic link of trust between an infant and it's main carer, which is usually the mother. Successful bonding results in an infant developing basic trust in others.
According to Piaget children go through 4 stages of cognitive development. The stages are; Sensorimotor stage (0-2 years), Preoperational thought (2-7 years), Concrete operations (7-11 years), Formal operations (11years and above). During the sensorimotor stage infants learn by using their senses, there is no abstract thinking. Object permanence which is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be observed and separation anxiety develop in this stage. Stranger anxiety develops at around 8 months which is an infant’s fear of strangers. Infants under two believe other people see the world like they do, this is called egocentrism, being unable to see that the environment looks different to someone else. Temperament
Separation anxiety is said to have a childhood onset earlier than the median age of any specific phobia. Are children with separation anxiety bound to adult anxiety disorders? Studies are making the connection between childhood separation anxiety and increased risk of subsequent disorders in adulthood. There is an estimated 33% to 40% chance that a child diagnosed with Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD) will develop another psychiatric disorder between ages nineteen and thirty. Continued studies will help clinicians gain understanding and develop preventative treatment for children with SAD into adulthood (Lewinsohn, Holm-Denoma, & Joiner, 2008).
Infant attachment is the first relationship a child experiences and is crucial to the child’s survival (BOOK). A mother’s response to her child will yield either a secure bond or insecurity with the infant. Parents who respond “more sensitively and responsively to the child’s distress” establish a secure bond faster than “parents of insecure children”. (Attachment and Emotion, page 475) The quality of the attachment has “profound implications for the child’s feelings of security and capacity to form trusting relationships” (Book). Simply stated, a positive early attachment will likely yield positive physical, socio-emotional, and cognitive development for the child. (BOOK)
Finally, the child is comfortable separating themselves from their mother completing both object permanence and object constancy. The concept related to this stage is object constancy, where if a mom leaves the room she will eventually return. The child is able to recall a positive internal image of the mother while she is out of sight, and creates less anxiety or tension for him or herself. When the mother is gone, the child is able to engage with other people. This concept creates a relationship between a child’s developing ego and objects. If this concept hasn’t been accomplished, “the crucial question arises whether the person can never the less make progress towards a viable mode of living, including stable relations with others”, (Plaut, 1975, pg.1). This can apply to many situations where at a young age fathers or even more importantly mothers walk out on their families during a child’s development in this particular stage. When a child finally has the positive emotional state to separate from a caregiver and the parent never returns, it leaves the child to second guess whom they can invest in emotionally. This stage can negatively affect a person for the rest of their life if not completed correctly. My cousins’ father had walked out on them at a young age, even more so for my cousin Sean who was in this stage at the time of his father’s leaving. His father said he would be back after running to the grocery store when little did Sean know, he would never return. This has had a negative affect on Sean, where he had moved on to having a serious attachment to his mom at a later age. He had the fear of if he goes to school or goes out with his friends; his mom wouldn’t be there he returned. When his older brother had left for college, he had thought Patrick would never come back home to see him. Sean had been so emotionally invested in his dad at an early age that the
Anxious-ambivalent infants would seek comfort from their caregiver, but they would display resistance and anger towards them (Ainsworth et al., 1978). Lastly, the avoidant infants would not seek comfort and would not respond to the stranger being in the room as avoidant children have certain noticeable characteristics like; increasing distance between themselves and others, turning away from others, averting their gaze, hiding their face, and ignoring them (Ainsworth et al.,
The most recognizable aspect of her young adulthood was her development of her many social roles. According to the text, the most significant aspect of adult socialization is acquisition of social roles. My grandmother has had many role changes throughout her life and I can see that she has maintained an activist theory approach in her life. From our discussion during the interview we talked about her career and she described how she was always active or busy with the community and the people around her. During her young adulthood, my grandmother maintained many aspects of social relationships. The first aspect of a social relationship was her marriage and her median family that formed her social support. The second aspect of a social relationship was the companionship she had with her husband, Willis, who she had known since they were little kids. The third and final aspect of a social relationship was the negative interactions that she had to deal with in her daily work as a