Skin Cancer in Australia
Skin cancer is a significant public health issue in Australia. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun in the UVA and UVB wavelengths is the primary cause. Australia has been a world leader in efforts to protect the ozone layer, the main line of defense against ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun. Ultraviolet radiation induces the formation of thymine dimers that cause mutation of skin cells if not repaired before DNA replication. Mutations of tumor suppressor genes can lead to uncontrolled cell growth. Ultraviolet radiation also causes immunosuppresion that allows skin cancers to become established. Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma are types of skin cancer caused by sun exposure, though each form is associated with a different pattern of exposure. Australia has the highest rate of skin cancer in the world, due to a combination of tropical latitude, fair-skinned population, outdoor lifestyle, and high amount of ambient ultraviolet radiation. Widespread opinions about tanning and health benefits of sunlight lead many Australians to intentionally overexpose themselves to the sun. State cancer councils have developed sun safety and awareness campaigns, such as “Slip! Slop! Slap!” and “SunSmart,” to educate the population about sun exposure and encourage early detection of skin cancers. Gradual changes in knowledge and behavior indicate that the fight against skin cancer can be won.
Introduction
Australia has the highest rate of skin cancer in the world. The combination of the predominantly light-skinned population, tropical latitude, and cultural emphasis on out-door activities have contributed to this problem. The Australian government has taken measu...
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Anthropologists and geographers have studied and overtime come to the conclusion that distribution of skin color is not random. Darker skin color has been found to typically come from near the equator and lighter skin colors are typically coming from closer to the north and south poles. Over the years, researchers have found that darker skin colors has protected the skin from having skin cancer. Recent studies have shown that “skin color is the product of natural selection acting to regulate the effects of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation on key nutrients crucial to the reproductive success” (169).
In World War II the soldiers used a jelly-like substance, called “red vet pet” to prevent themselves from the sun. Finally, Benjamin Green combined this substance with cocoa butter and coconut oil, which created the new line of Coppertone suntan cream. Coppertone has come a long way, to make their product better. As they changed the product, the advertisement changed over the years to appeal to the audience. Although both of these advertisements are being presented to get people to buy Coppertone, the modern day advertising is more appealing than 1944 advertisement; the modern day advertisement has a better focal point, action, general feeling and mood, selection of elements, and audience.
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High Fructose Corn Syrup is found in a lot of the foods and drinks we consume. It is something that is consumed on a regular basis by not only Americans but by plenty of others across the world and sometimes we might not even note the difference between it and “real” sugar. HFCS comes from a type of corn known as “Dent” corn, dent corn is transformed into cornstarch by being cleaned, soaked, ground, milled, and dried corn starch is then converted into a liquid state in a process known as hydrolysis (Sloan, 2013). Once in a liquid state, HFCS is then used to not only add a sweet flavor to drinks and food but it also can be used as a form of coloring to the consumables. What you would label as “regular” sugar is essentially the same the same thing as HFCS when you break them down chemically, the only difference between the two is that their chemical components are placed in different order (Beil, 2013).
Michael Pollan, a writer for New York Times and author of New York Times bestseller The Botany of Desire and named best book of the year by Borders, Amazon, and the American Booksellers Association, discusses some of these harmful effects along with many other facts in his book The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Pollan discusses how corn syrup has consumed our nation in chapter six of his book. He discusses how high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) has snuck its way into the food of the American’s every meal. As restaurants line roads and food lines pantries, HFCS lurks in almost every meal. Marlene Bishop, editor of Chocolate, Fast Food, and Sweeteners: Consumption and Health, states: “In the last 35 years, high fructose corn syrup has replaced the use of sucrose by food manufactures in the US due to its steady price and availability (White, 2008)" (3). Because of the excess corn and low price to make HFCS, it continues to pour into the ingredients of the American’s diet.
Informing you on a everyday thing some girls do, which is tanning. Two main questions you have to ask yourself is it healthy? And will it cause skin cancer ? Well to answer both of those questions you can get skin cancer, and it is healthy for you. Only some parts of it is healthy though, not all of it. And thats what we will be explaining in this paper today. We both do tan so we’re not against it and see the good thing about tanning. Not everyone has to be on our side, some people may like tanning naturally better to begin with.
The first known use of dermatology was established in 1819 and only in the 1930’s did its practice become more widely accomplished, known and sought after. (“Dermatology” 2014) Since then it has extensively evolved and changed and been able to provide services for women and men around the world. Originally being a part of the medicine field can now be considered a division of the beauty industry due to availability of services and treatments for aesthetic, pampering purposes, rather than just originally founded for medical issues of resolving skin disorders and diseases. Dermatology being defined as ‘a branch of medicine dealing with the skin, its structure, functions and diseases’ (“Dermatology” 2014) now offers many professions one being a dermatologist, whic...
"Harvard School of Public Health » The Nutrition Source » Sugary Drinks and Obesity Fact Sheet." The Nutrition Source. N.p., n.d. Web. 04 Nov. 2013.
HFCS is being used for almost every food product in the food industry. However, if we look at HFCS from a limited point of view we just see it as something present in our food and not the health factors behind it. HFCS can be habit forming since it is a sweet replacement for sugar and in his article Peretti mentions that David Kessler said “sugar, through its metabolisation by the gut and hence the brain, is extremely addictive, just like cigarettes or alcohol.” People enjoy the taste and because of this they consume large quantities, which lead to health factors such as: obesity, diabetes, heart problems, infertility, liver problems, and so on. Our limited perspective may cause us to lose sight of how much of a risk HFCS possess. In my case I use to think that my family gained significant amount of weight only through fatty foods and...
Voegeli D; British Journal of Nursing (BJN), 2010 Jul 8; 19 (13): 810, 812, 814 Care or harm: exploring essential components in skin care regimens.
It’s reasonable to understand that if a sugar glazed doughnut is sitting right in front of you, calling your name, especially the fact that the doughnut just seems to be there the day that you skipped out on breakfast. You’re going to eat it! Unfortunately that’s the case for 90 percent of us. With that though come consequences! People who consume high amounts of high-fructose corn syrup are 20 percent more-likely to...
...ween them. Even though they come from two completely different stories, one could see how similar they are. Macbeth being the main character in Macbeth and Miranda being a side character in The Tempest, they are so different, and yet so very the alike. Marilynn B. Brewer expands, “A model of optimal distinctiveness is proposed in which social identity is viewed as a reconciliation of opposing needs for assimilation and differentiation from others.” What she is trying to say is that you can see yourself in others and vis versa. Everyone is their own person, but you see the same qualities repeated throughout many people, fictional or nonfictional. Overall, these characters, Macbeth and Miranda, within these two plays can be compared and contrasted in many different ways, three of these ways are their conscious, how they treat others, and their position in the kingdom.
Probably the most commonly used word by your dermatologist, your beautician, your pharmacist or just the girl next door, and for a good reason. The sun’s damaging UV rays can single-handedly destroy your skin over time and in some cases even cause irreparable damage. It will burn your skin, dry it out, destroy collagen fibers and predispose you to cancer. Whether it’s a scorching sun or not, whether you are outdoors or not, sunscreen is an everyday must-wear. You have a choice.
The high incidence of skin cancer in Australia is the reason for our choice of